scholarly journals Unit-Based Emissions Inventory for Electric Power Systems in Kuwait: Current Status and Future Predictions

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawaf S. Alhajeri ◽  
Fahad M. Al-Fadhli ◽  
Ahmed Z. Aly
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Electric Power Systems ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Emissions Inventory

Obtaining accurate estimates of emissions from electric power systems is essential for predicting air quality and evaluating the effectiveness of any future control technologies. This paper aimed to develop unit-based emissions inventories for electric power systems in Kuwait using different parameters, including fuel specifications and consumption, combustion technology and its efficiency, unit capacity, and boiler type. The study also estimated the future emissions of NOx, SO2, CO, CO2, and PM10 up to the year 2030 using a multivariate regression model in addition to predicting future energy demand. The results showed that annual (2010–2015) emissions of all air pollutants, excluding SO2 and PM10, increased over the study period. CO had the greatest increase of 41.9%, whereas SO2 levels decreased the most by 13% over the 2010 levels, due to the replacement of heavy fuel oil. Energy consumption in 2015 stood at approximately 86 PJ, with natural gas, gas oil, crude oil, and heavy fuel oil making up 51.2%, 10.7%, 3.1%, and 35%, respectively. Energy demand was projected to grow at an annualized rate of 2.8% by 2030 compared to 2015 levels. The required installed capacity to meet this demand was estimated to be approximately 21.8 GW (a 34% increase in capacity compared to 2015 levels). The projected emission rates showed that, of the five air pollutants, SO2 and PM10 are expected to decrease by 2030 by 34% and 11%, respectively. However, peak monthly emissions of SO2 would still only be 14% lower compared to the 2015 monthly average. In contrast, emission levels are projected to increase by 34.3%, 54.8%, and 71.8% for CO2, NOx, and CO, respectively, by 2030 compared to 2015 levels. Accordingly, a more ambitious target of renewables penetration needs to be adopted to reduce emission levels going forward.

scholarly journals The Role of Photovoltaics (PV) in the Present and Future Situation of Suriname

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrita Raghoebarsing ◽  
Angèle Reinders
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Future Situation

The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the energy sector and the current status of photovoltaic (PV) systems in Suriname and to investigate which role PV systems can play in this country’s future energy transition. At this moment, 64% of the power is available from diesel/heavy fuel oil (HFO) gensets while 36% is available from renewables namely hydroelectric power systems and PV systems. Suriname has renewable energy (RE) targets for 2017 and 2022 which already have been achieved by this 36%. However, the RE target of 2027 of 47% must be achieved yet. As there is abundant irradiance available, on an average 1792 kWh/m2/year and because several PV systems have already been successfully implemented, PV can play an important role in the energy transition of Suriname. In order to achieve the 2027 target with only PV systems, an additional 110 MWp of installed PV capacity will be required. Governmental and non-governmental institutes have planned PV projects. If these will be executed in the future than annually 0.8 TWh electricity will be produced by PV systems. In order to meet the electricity demand of 2027 fully, 2.2 TWh PV electricity will be required which implies that more PV systems must be implemented in Suriname besides the already scheduled ones.

scholarly journals Uncontrolled Electric Vehicle Charging Impacts on Distribution Electric Power Systems with Primarily Residential, Commercial or Industrial Loads

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Birk Jones ◽  
Matthew Lave ◽  
William Vining ◽  
Brooke Marshall Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Electric Power Systems ◽  
Primary System ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ev Charging

An increase in Electric Vehicles (EV) will result in higher demands on the distribution electric power systems (EPS) which may result in thermal line overloading and low voltage violations. To understand the impact, this work simulates two EV charging scenarios (home- and work-dominant) under potential 2030 EV adoption levels on 10 actual distribution feeders that support residential, commercial, and industrial loads. The simulations include actual driving patterns of existing (non-EV) vehicles taken from global positioning system (GPS) data. The GPS driving behaviors, which explain the spatial and temporal EV charging demands, provide information on each vehicles travel distance, dwell locations, and dwell durations. Then, the EPS simulations incorporate the EV charging demands to calculate the power flow across the feeder. Simulation results show that voltage impacts are modest (less than 0.01 p.u.), likely due to robust feeder designs and the models only represent the high-voltage (“primary”) system components. Line loading impacts are more noticeable, with a maximum increase of about 15%. Additionally, the feeder peak load times experience a slight shift for residential and mixed feeders (≈1 h), not at all for the industrial, and 8 h for the commercial feeder.

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