scholarly journals Eco-Speed Guidance for the Mixed Traffic of Electric Vehicles and Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles at an Isolated Signalized Intersection

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Liu ◽  
Dong Liu ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
Toshiyuki Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Signalized Intersection ◽  
Mixed Traffic ◽  
Mixed Traffic Flow ◽  
Energy Emissions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Guidance Model

Although electric vehicles (EVs) have been regarded as promising to reduce tailpipe emissions and energy consumption, a mixed traffic flow of EVs and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) makes the energy/emissions reduction objective more difficult because EVs and ICEVs have various general characteristics. This paper proposes a low-emission-oriented speed guidance model to address the energy/emission reduction issue under a mixed traffic flow at an isolated signalized intersection to achieve the objective of reducing emissions and total energy consumption while reducing vehicle delay and travel time. The total energy/emissions under different market penetration rates of EVs with various traffic volumes are analyzed and compared. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed speed guidance model has better performance than those without considering the impact of queues. For a certain traffic volume, the energy/emission reduction effects under speed guidance will increase with an increasing share of EVs. This paper also explores the impact of the time interval for guidance renewal on vehicle emissions in practice.

scholarly journals The Development of Strategies to Reduce Exhaust Emissions from Passenger Cars in Rzeszow City—Poland. A Preliminary Assessment of the Results Produced by the Increase of E-Fleet

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1046
Author(s):  
Maksymilian Mądziel ◽  
Tiziana Campisi ◽  
Artur Jaworski ◽  
Giovanni Tesoriere
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Particulate Concentration ◽  
The Impact

Urban agglomerations close to road infrastructure are particularly exposed to harmful exhaust emissions from motor vehicles and this problem is exacerbated at road intersections. Roundabouts are one of the most popular intersection designs in recent years, making traffic flow smoother and safer, but especially at peak times they are subject to numerous stop-and-go operations by vehicles, which increase the dispersion of emissions with high particulate matter rates. The study focused on a specific area of the city of Rzeszow in Poland. This country is characterized by the current composition of vehicle fleets connected to combustion engine vehicles. The measurement of the concentration of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) by means of a preliminary survey campaign in the vicinity of the intersection made it possible to assess the impact of vehicle traffic on the dispersion of pollutants in the air. The present report presents some strategies to be implemented in the examined area considering a comparison of current and project scenarios characterized both by a modification of the road geometry (through the introduction of a turbo roundabout) and the composition of the vehicular flow with the forthcoming diffusion of electric vehicles. The study presents an exemplified methodology for comparing scenarios aimed at optimizing strategic choices for the local administration and also shows the benefits of an increased electric fleet. By processing the data with specific tools and comparing the scenarios, it was found that a conversion of 25% of the motor vehicles to electric vehicles in the current fleet has reduced the concentration of PM10 by about 30% along the ring road, has led to a significant reduction in the length of particulate concentration of the motorway, and it has also led to a significant reduction in the length of the particulate concentration for the access roads to the intersection.

Saturation Flow Model for Signalized Intersection under Mixed Traffic Condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (15) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabyasachi Biswas ◽  
Souvik Chakraborty ◽  
Indrajit Ghosh ◽  
Satish Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Heterogeneous Traffic ◽  
Signalized Intersection ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Mixed Traffic ◽  
Kriging Method ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
Saturation Flow ◽  
The Impact

Saturation flow is one of the most important functional parameters at signalized intersections. It is to be noted that saturation flow is a functional measure of the intersection operation, which indicates the probable capacity if working in an ideal situation. However, determination of the saturation flow is a challenging task in developing countries like India where vehicles with diverse static and dynamic characteristics use the same carriageway. At the same time, it is influenced by several other factors. In this context, the present research is carried out to examine the effects of traffic composition, approach width and right-turning movements on saturation flow under heterogeneous traffic conditions. This paper proposes a model for computing saturation flow at the signalized intersection under mixed traffic condition based on Kriging approach. A detailed comparison of the mean saturation flow values obtained by the conventional method, regression method, and Kriging method has also been presented. Low mean absolute percentage error values (<5%) have been obtained for saturation flow by Kriging method with respect to the conventional method. Finally, the proposed models are used to evaluate the impact of right-turning vehicles on saturation flow under shared lane condition.

scholarly journals Transformación de un vehículo de combustión a eléctrico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Alonso Salazar Marín ◽  
Juan Felipe Arroyave Londoño
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
The Impact

Colombia, like other developing countries, has been incorporating various electric vehicles in its automotive park, motivated by an emerging policy of incentives, a concern for the environment and health, and a high cost of fuel; however, these types of vehicles remain relatively expensive. The transformation of thermal vehicles (combustion engine) to electric vehicles becomes an interesting option, due to its low cost compared to new commercial electric vehicles and the positive environmental impact which represents. The present work illustrates the technological steps that have been required in the transformation from a traditional internal combustion vehicle to an electric one (sprint vehicle), showing the economic benefit and the impact on the attenuation of greenhouse gases. The analysis of the traction dynamics and validation with various laboratory and field (road) tests, have shown the viability of a transformed vehicle, which satisfies the power demands under different load...

scholarly journals Effect of Ambient Temperature on Electric Vehicles’ Energy Consumption and Range: Model Definition and Sensitivity Analysis Based on Nissan Leaf Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Iora ◽  
Laura Tribioli
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Battery Model ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, a general quasi-steady backward-looking model for energy consumption estimation of electric vehicles is presented. The model is based on a literature review of existing approaches and was set up using publicly available data for Nissan Leaf. The model has been used to assess the effect of ambient temperature on energy consumption and range, considering various reference driving cycles. The results are supported and validated using data available from an experimental campaign where the Nissan Leaf was driven to depletion across a broad range of winter ambient temperatures. The effect of ambient temperature and the consequent accessories consumption due to cabin heating are shown to be remarkable. For instance, in case of Federal Urban Driving Schedule (FUDS), simplified FUDS (SFUDS), and New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) driving cycles, the range exceeds 150 km at 20 °C, while it reduces to about 85 km and 60 km at 0 °C and −15 °C, respectively. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is reported to assess the impact of the hypotheses in the battery model and of making different assumptions on the regenerative braking efficiency.

scholarly journals Battery Electric Vehicle Eco-Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control in the Vicinity of Signalized Intersections

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2433
Author(s):  
Hao Chen ◽  
Hesham A. Rakha
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Optimal Speed ◽  
Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
The Impact

This study develops a connected eco-driving controller for battery electric vehicles (BEVs), the BEV Eco-Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control at Intersections (Eco-CACC-I). The developed controller can assist BEVs while traversing signalized intersections with minimal energy consumption. The calculation of the optimal vehicle trajectory is formulated as an optimization problem under the constraints of (1) vehicle acceleration/deceleration behavior, defined by a vehicle dynamics model; (2) vehicle energy consumption behavior, defined by a BEV energy consumption model; and (3) the relationship between vehicle speed, location, and signal timing, defined by vehicle characteristics and signal phase and timing (SPaT) data shared under a connected vehicle environment. The optimal speed trajectory is computed in real-time by the proposed BEV eco-CACC-I controller, so that a BEV can follow the optimal speed while negotiating a signalized intersection. The proposed BEV controller was tested in a case study to investigate its performance under various speed limits, roadway grades, and signal timings. In addition, a comparison of the optimal speed trajectories for BEVs and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) was conducted to investigate the impact of vehicle engine types on eco-driving solutions. Lastly, the proposed controller was implemented in microscopic traffic simulation software to test its networkwide performance. The test results from an arterial corridor with three signalized intersections demonstrate that the proposed controller can effectively reduce stop-and-go traffic in the vicinity of signalized intersections and that the BEV Eco-CACC-I controller produces average savings of 9.3% in energy consumption and 3.9% in vehicle delays.

scholarly journals Quest for Sustainability: Life-Cycle Emissions Assessment of Electric Vehicles Considering Newer Li-Ion Batteries

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arminda Almeida ◽  
Nuno Sousa ◽  
João Coutinho-Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
The Impact

The number of battery electric vehicle models available in the market has been increasing, as well as their battery capacity, and these trends are likely to continue in the future as sustainable transportation goals rise in importance, supported by advances in battery chemistry and technology. Given the rapid pace of these advances, the impact of new chemistries, e.g., lithium-manganese rich cathode materials and silicon/graphite anodes, has not yet been thoroughly considered in the literature. This research estimates life cycle greenhouse gas and other air pollutants emissions of battery electric vehicles with different battery chemistries, including the above advances. The analysis methodology, which uses the greenhouse gases, regulated emissions, and energy use in transportation (GREET) life-cycle assessment model, considers 8 battery types, 13 electricity generation mixes with different predominant primary energy sources, and 4 vehicle segments (small, medium, large, and sport utility vehicles), represented by prototype vehicles, with both battery replacement and non-replacement during the life cycle. Outputs are expressed as emissions ratios to the equivalent petrol internal combustion engine vehicle and two-way analysis of variance is used to test results for statistical significance. Results show that newer Li-ion battery technology can yield significant improvements over older battery chemistries, which can be as high as 60% emissions reduction, depending on pollutant type and electricity generation mix.

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