scholarly journals Design and Evaluation of Double-Stage Energy Harvesting Floor Tile

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isarakorn ◽  
Jayasvasti ◽  
Panthongsy ◽  
Janphuang ◽  
Hamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Proof Mass ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Piezoelectric Element ◽  
Floor Tile ◽  
Cover Plate ◽  
Piezoelectric Cantilever ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Power And Energy

This paper introduces the design and characterization of a double-stage energy harvesting floor tile that uses a piezoelectric cantilever to generate electricity from human footsteps. A frequency up-conversion principle, in the form of an overshooting piezoelectric cantilever, plucked with a proof mass is utilized to increase energy conversion efficiency. The overshoot of the proof mass is implemented by a mechanical impact between a moving cover plate and a stopper to prevent damage to the plucked piezoelectric element. In an experiment, the piezoelectric cantilever of a floor tile prototype was excited by a pneumatic actuator that simulated human footsteps. The key parameters affecting the electrical power and energy outputs were investigated by actuating the prototype with a few kinds of excitation input. It was found that, when actuated by a single simulated footstep, the prototype was able to produce electrical power and energy in two stages. The cantilever resonated at a frequency of 14.08 Hz. The output electricity was directly proportional to the acceleration of the moving cover plate and the gap between the cover plate and the stopper. An average power of 0.82 mW and a total energy of 2.40 mJ were obtained at an acceleration of 0.93 g and a gap of 4 mm. The prototype had a simple structure and was able to operate over a wide range of frequencies.

The effects of structural and aerodynamic nonlinearities on the energy harvesting from airfoil stall-induced oscillations

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 1991-2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos R. dos Santos ◽  
Flávio D. Marques ◽  
Muhammad R. Hajj
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Piezoelectric Element ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Aeroelastic Response ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Aeroelastic Model ◽  
Structural Nonlinearities ◽  
Semi Empirical

An airfoil may undergo stall-induced oscillations beyond the critical flutter speed with amplitudes determined by aerodynamic nonlinearities due to the dynamic stall. Stall-induced oscillations yield intense periodical motions that can be used to convert the airflow energy into electrical power. The inclusion of structural nonlinearities contributes to the complexity of the aeroelastic response. In this sense, the present work models and analyzes for the first time the effects of structural and aerodynamic nonlinearities in the potential of extracting energy from pitching and plunging motions of an airfoil during stall-induced oscillations. A computational model is employed, based on the electro-aeroelastic differential equations modeling a typical aeroelastic section with two degrees of freedom with an electrical generator connected to the pitching motion and a piezoelectric element connected to the plunging motion. The Beddoes–Leishman semi-empirical model is used to represent the unsteady aerodynamic loading. Concentrated structural nonlinearities, such as the hardening effect and free-play, are also considered. Bifurcation diagrams and harvested power calculations are used to analyze the performance of each energy harvesting scheme. The results show that nonlinear pitching stiffness reduces the average harvested power from this degree of freedom in a range of wind speeds. However, the presence of a free-play spring reduces the flutter velocity and initiates the harvesting at lower wind speeds. In conclusion, the present electro-aeroelastic model can be used to find optimal parameters of a harvester from airfoil stall-induced oscillations for a specific application.

A Self-Sufficient and Frequency Tunable Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cevat Volkan Karadag ◽  
Nezih Topaloglu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Piezoelectric Cantilever ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Piezoelectric Vibration

In this paper, a novel smart vibration energy harvester (VEH) is presented. The harvester automatically adjusts its natural frequency to stay in resonance with ambient vibration. The proposed harvester consists of two piezoelectric cantilever beams, a tiny piezomotor with a movable mass attached to one of the beams, a control unit, and electronics. Thanks to its self-locking feature, the piezomotor does not require energy to fix its movable part, resulting in an improvement in overall energy demand. The operation of the system is optimized in order to maximize the energy efficiency. At each predefined interval, the control unit wakes up, calculates the phase difference between two beams, and if necessary, actuates the piezomotor to move its mass in the appropriate direction. It is shown that the proposed tuning algorithm successfully increases the fractional bandwidth of the harvester from 4% to 10%. The system is able to deliver 83.4% of the total harvested power into usable electrical power, while the piezomotor uses only 2.4% of the harvested power. The presented efficient, autotunable, and self-sufficient harvester is built using off-the-shelf components and it can be easily modified for wide range of applications.

scholarly journals Available Technologies and Commercial Devices to Harvest Energy by Human Trampling in Smart Flooring Systems: A Review

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Paolo Visconti ◽  
Laura Bagordo ◽  
Ramiro Velázquez ◽  
Donato Cafagna ◽  
Roberto De Fazio
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Transduction Mechanism ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Power And Energy ◽  
Human Trampling

Technological innovation has increased the global demand for electrical power and energy. Accordingly, energy harvesting has become a research area of primary interest for the scientific community and companies because it constitutes a sustainable way to collect energy from various sources. In particular, kinetic energy generated from human walking or vehicle movements on smart energy floors represents a promising research topic. This paper aims to analyze the state-of-art of smart energy harvesting floors to determine the best solution to feed a lighting system and charging columns. In particular, the fundamentals of the main harvesting mechanisms applicable in this field (i.e., piezoelectric, electromagnetic, triboelectric, and relative hybrids) are discussed. Moreover, an overview of scientific works related to energy harvesting floors is presented, focusing on the architectures of the developed tiles, the transduction mechanism, and the output performances. Finally, a survey of the commercial energy harvesting floors proposed by companies and startups is reported. From the carried-out analysis, we concluded that the piezoelectric transduction mechanism represents the optimal solution for designing smart energy floors, given their compactness, high efficiency, and absence of moving parts.

Energy harvesting from motion using rotating and gyroscopic proof masses

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Yeatman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Proof Mass ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Linear Displacement ◽  
Mass Motion ◽  
Wireless Devices ◽  
Continuous Rotation ◽  
Limited Mass ◽  
Power Densities

Energy harvesting — the extraction of energy from the local environment for conversion to electrical power — is of particular interest for low power wireless devices such as body or machine mounted sensors. Motion and vibration are a potential energy source, and can be exploited by inertial devices, which derive electrical power by the damping of the relative movement of a proof mass mounted in a frame attached to the moving host. Inertial devices using linear motion of the proof mass, which have been extensively studied and developed, have a maximum power output limited by the internal travel range of the proof mass. In the current paper, the potential power of devices using rotating proof masses, powered by linear or rotational host motion, is analysed. Two new operation modes are introduced: rotationally resonant devices, and devices driven by continuous rotation. In each case the maximum achievable power densities are estimated, and these are compared with equivalent expressions for devices with linear proof mass motion where appropriate. The possibility of using actively driven, gyroscopic structures is then introduced, and the potential power of such devices is considered. By avoiding the linear displacement limit and the limited mass of conventional devices, it is shown that increases in obtainable power are possible if parasitic damping is minimized, particularly for cases of low linear source amplitude. Finally, issues of implementation are discussed, with an emphasis on microengineered devices.

Experimental Investigation of Piezoelectric Bimorph Cantilever on Vibration Energy Harvesting Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 655-657 ◽  
pp. 816-822
Author(s):  
Jun Jie Gong ◽  
Ying Ying Xu ◽  
Zhi Lin Ruan ◽  
Long Chao Dai
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Proof Mass ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Equivalent Stiffness ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Piezoelectric Cantilever ◽  
Theoretical Results

The bimorph piezoelectric cantilever model for vibration energy harvesting was established to analyse its natural frequency and generating performance according to Euler-Bernoulli theory. The influence of the length and thickness of piezoelectric cantilever on natural frequency and generating voltage was discussed by computing the cantilever equivalent stiffness. Experimental investigation was performed to measure its natural frequency and output generating voltage of bimorph piezoelectric cantilever, and the effect of cantilever with different proof mass and structural parameters on generating performance was also analysed. Theoretical results of bimorph piezoelectric cantilever are compared with experimental results qualitatively, good correlations are observed.

Piezoelectric Patch-Based Energy Harvesting on a Heavy Duty Vehicle Panel

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bugra Bayik ◽  
Amirreza Aghakhani ◽  
Ugur Aridogan ◽  
Ipek Basdogan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Fe Simulations ◽  
Heavy Duty Vehicle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Power Outputs

Vibration-based energy harvesting has drawn significant attention from different engineering disciplines over the last two decades. The studies in this research area have mostly concentrated on cantilevered piezoelectric beam harvesters under base excitations. As an alternative to beam arrangements, patch-based piezoelectric energy harvesters can be integrated on large plate-like structures such as panels of automotive, marine and aerospace applications to extract useful electrical power during their operation. In this paper, electroelastic finite element (FE) simulations of a patch-based piezoelectric energy harvester structurally integrated on a panel of a heavy duty vehicle are presented during different phases of operation. FE model of the panel together with a piezoceramic harvester patch is built using ANSYS software. The FE model takes into account coupled electromechanical dynamics and the fully-conductive electrode layers of the harvester patch. The vibration response of the panel as well as the voltage output of the harvester patch under operating conditions is simulated using the forces obtained from experimental measurements on the heavy duty vehicle. Excitation forces are calculated from operational acceleration measurements using matrix inversion method, which is a force identification technique. Two different operating conditions of the heavy duty vehicle are considered: stationary and moving on a test track while the engine was running. Using the excitation forces in the FE simulations, the electrical power generation of the harvester patch is predicted for a wide range of resistive loads. Electrical power outputs are then presented for short-circuit and open-circuit conditions. The numerical results show that the use of a harvester patch attached on a panel of a heavy duty vehicle generates reasonably well electrical power outputs.

scholarly journals Impact-Driven Energy Harvesting: Piezoelectric Versus Triboelectric Energy Harvesters

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5828
Author(s):  
Panu Thainiramit ◽  
Phonexai Yingyong ◽  
Don Isarakorn
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Cover Plate ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Material Cost ◽  
Power And Energy ◽  
Power Densities

This work investigated the mechanical and electrical behaviors of piezoelectric and triboelectric energy harvesters (PEHs and TEHs, respectively) as potential devices for harvesting impact-driven energy. PEH and TEH test benches were designed and developed, aiming at harvesting low-frequency mechanical vibration generated by human activities, for example, a floor-tile energy harvester actuated by human footsteps. The electrical performance and behavior of these energy harvesters were evaluated and compared in terms of absolute energy and power densities that they provided and in terms of these energy and power densities normalized to unit material cost. Several aspects related to the design and development of PEHs and TEHs as the energy harvesting devices were investigated, covering the following topics: construction and mechanism of the energy harvesters; electrical characteristics of the fabricated piezoelectric and triboelectric materials; and characterization of the energy harvesters. At a 4 mm gap width between the cover plate and the stopper (the mechanical actuation components of both energy harvesters) and a cover plate pressing frequency of 2 Hz, PEH generated 27.64 mW, 1.90 mA, and 14.39 V across an optimal resistive load of 7.50 kΩ, while TEH generated 1.52 mW, 8.54 µA, and 177.91 V across an optimal resistive load of 21 MΩ. The power and energy densities of PEH (4.57 mW/cm3 and 475.13 µJ/cm3) were higher than those of TEH (0.50 mW/cm3, and 21.55 µJ/cm3). However, when the material cost is taken into account, TEH provided higher power and energy densities per unit cost. Hence, it has good potential for upscaling, and is considered well worth the investment. The advantages and disadvantages of PEH and TEH are also highlighted as main design factors.

scholarly journals On the Nonlinear Behavior of the Piezoelectric Coupling on Vibration-Based Energy Harvesters

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana L. Silva ◽  
Marcelo A. Savi ◽  
Paulo C. C. Monteiro ◽  
Theodoro A. Netto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Constitutive Models ◽  
Piezoelectric Element ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Piezoelectric Coupling

Vibration-based energy harvesting with piezoelectric elements has an increasing importance nowadays being related to numerous potential applications. A wide range of nonlinear effects is observed in energy harvesting devices and the analysis of the power generated suggests that they have considerable influence on the results. Linear constitutive models for piezoelectric materials can provide inconsistencies on the prediction of the power output of the energy harvester, mainly close to resonant conditions. This paper investigates the effect of the nonlinear behavior of the piezoelectric coupling. A one-degree of freedom mechanical system is coupled to an electrical circuit by a piezoelectric element and different coupling models are investigated. Experimental tests available in the literature are employed as a reference establishing the best matches of the models. Subsequently, numerical simulations are carried out showing different responses of the system indicating that nonlinear piezoelectric couplings can strongly modify the system dynamics.

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