scholarly journals Status of Waste Management in the East African Cities: Understanding the Drivers of Waste Generation, Collection and Disposal and Their Impacts on Kampala City’s Sustainability

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamim Aryampa ◽  
Basant Maheshwari ◽  
Elly Sabiiti ◽  
Najib L Bateganya ◽  
Brian Bukenya
Keyword(s):  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
East African ◽  
East African Community ◽  
Waste Generation Rate ◽  
Vehicle Capacity

The factors that influence waste generation and management vary with country but there is a gap in the availability of waste data in Africa limiting the assessment of these factors for sustainability. Hence, this study was aimed at evaluating the drivers of waste generation, collection and disposal, and their impact on sustainability of Kampala as compared to the East African Community (EAC). Waste generation in Kampala was calculated using recorded waste collection efficiencies while data for Nairobi and Dar es Salaam was obtained from existing literature. Waste quantities for disposal were recorded daily at Kiteezi landfill from 2011 to 2017. Results showed that the major drivers of waste generation, collection and disposal in the EAC are population growth, vehicle capacity and the need for disposal respectively. Waste generation rate in Kampala increased from 0.26 to 0.47 kg/capita/day and the annual waste quantity increased significantly (p < 0.5) by 48% from 227,916 to 481,081 tons corresponding to a 54% population increase. Waste collection efficiency increased from 30% to 64% and hence waste for disposal increased significantly (p < 0.5), with a mean of 15,823 tons/month; but varied significantly (p < 0.5) with the city division. The most (5120 tons) and least (3472 tons) waste per month was collected from the Central and Nakawa divisions respectively. Additionally, Kampala Capital City Authority collected significantly more waste than private collectors for all study years. Waste is disposed of at the Kiteezi landfill despite exhausted capacity. Future projections showed that by 2030, annual waste would increase by approximately 60% for Kampala and Nairobi and by 74% for Dar es Salaam. Dar es Salaam generated the highest amount of waste, five times more than Kampala. More investment needs to be made towards the reduction of waste disposal and strategies developed for the reuse and recycling of waste.

scholarly journals Assessment of Waste Generation Rate in Teaching Hospitals of Metropolitan City of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1809-1821
Author(s):  
Samita Arub ◽  
Sajid Rashid Ahmad ◽  
Sana Ashraf ◽  
Zahra Majid ◽  
Sadia Rahat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Generation Rate ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Waste Segregation ◽  
Infectious Waste ◽  
Waste Generation Rate ◽  
Collection Practices

Hospital waste management is of vital significance owing to its contagious and hazardous nature as it can produce detrimental effects for both humans and the environment. This work aimed to examine types of waste with respect to waste generation rate in multiple teaching hospitals of metropolitan Lahore. A structured questionnaire survey, site visits, interviews and meetings were conducted in seventeen teaching hospitals. The results have shown that total hospitals average waste, infectious, non-infectious and waste generation rate in Lahore teaching hospitals were 38978 kg/day, 10789 kg/day, 28189 kg/day and 3.7 kg/bed/day, respectively. It is concluded that maximum waste generated in Mayo hospital, Jinnah hospital, Services hospital and Lahore general hospital was 16%, 12%, 12% and 10%, respectively, as per maximum patient’s visits. Positive liner correlation was between number of beds (P=0.917), number of accidents and emergency patients (P=0.75), infectious waste (P=0.998) and (P=1) with total waste. A straight line of linear regression was between (0.9966) infectious waste and (0.9995) general waste with average waste. Although, waste collection practices in these teaching hospitals were observed satisfactory but required training of doctors, nurses and hospital paramedical staff regarding infectious and general waste segregation. It is suggested that hospital staff, waste management and waste collection workers and respective waste management companies should be well trained and aware regarding infectious and non-infectious waste segregation, handling and disposing off procedures.

scholarly journals Prevalent Practices of Solid Waste Management in the Girls Hostels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekta Kapri ◽  
Manju Mehta ◽  
Sudesh Gandhi
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Waste Generation Rate ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University

Abstract Waste is generated on daily basis through different activities of human beings, which leads to pollution of the environment, which may have serious implications on the health of the individual. Waste generation is also a big problem in schools and universities. To keep that problem in mind study has been conducted on the campus of CCSHAU, Hisar; with the objective to study the type and volume of waste generated in the girl’s hostels. The study estimated the daily waste generation from girl’s hostels and found waste generation rate was high but the waste collection rate was very low because of the improper ratio between the total number of students and sanitary worker. The waste management system in the university girl’s hostels requires not only an estimation of the solid waste but also an understanding of the students’ habits and behaviour towards managing solid waste.

scholarly journals Waste collection routing problem: A mini-review of recent heuristic approaches and applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2110039
Author(s):  
Yun-Chia Liang ◽  
Vanny Minanda ◽  
Aldy Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Neighborhood Search ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adaptive Search ◽  
Large Neighborhood Search ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Routing Problem ◽  
Simulated Annealing Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Vehicle Capacity

The waste collection routing problem (WCRP) can be defined as a problem of designing a route to serve all of the customers (represented as nodes) with the least total traveling time or distance, served by the least number of vehicles under specific constraints, such as vehicle capacity. The relevance of WCRP is rising due to its increased waste generation and all the challenges involved in its efficient disposal. This research provides a mini-review of the latest approaches and its application in the collection and routing of waste. Several metaheuristic algorithms are reviewed, such as ant colony optimization, simulated annealing, genetic algorithm, large neighborhood search, greedy randomized adaptive search procedures, and others. Some other approaches to solve WCRP like GIS is also introduced. Finally, a performance comparison of a real-world benchmark is presented as well as future research opportunities in WCRP field.

Renewable Energy in the East African Communitys and its Role in Sustainable Development

2018 ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Liudmila Kalinichenko
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
East African ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
East African Community

The article analyses the role of renewable energy in the process of the development of the energy market of the East African Community (EAC) . The author underlines the necessity of finding solutions for such challenges as rising wood and charcoal prices, deforestation, lack of affordable and reliable electricity for a large number of consumers. The study reveals that nowadays the percentage of people with access to modern sources of energy is very low, varying from 7 % in Burundi to 36% in Kenya, although the EAC countries made significant progress in 2000s. Most people in rural areas rely on traditional biomass for cooking and heating, which leads to ecological and health problems. The author concludes that renewable energy development is considered by the Community as one of the prospective ways for providing energy to remote regions in view of abundant solar, wind and geothermal resources. Their strategy aims at the construction of micro and mini hydro stations, stand-alone solar PV systems and off-grids for rural population usage. The study shows that the investment in off-grid renewables has been steadily rising in recent times . Analyzing grid-connected power generation electricity, the author elicits that it is also based on renewable electricity, which accounts for 65% of the total amount. Kenya, with the highest installed capacity in this sector, is investing mainly in geothermal, solar and wind sources of energy, while the others are focusing on hydropower and solar. For the purpose of attracting private investment, the EAC partner states adopted different regulations, including Feed-in Tariff, zero-VAT and GET FIT Programme. The author assumes that renewable energy financing is one of the main challenges despite the support of different international financial institutions, such as the World Bank, UNIDO, AfDB and others. Nowadays energy efficiency measures are becoming important instruments for the EAC countries resulted in power savings. The other important trend is increasing cooperation among them due to their grid-connected power systems in the East African Power Pool. In this context, in November 2017, the EAC Partner States adopted Energy Security Policy Framework, in order to ensure the sustainable development of their energy sector.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document