scholarly journals Sustainable Stormwater Management in Existing Settlements—Municipal Strategies and Current Governance Trends in Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Geyler ◽  
Norman Bedtke ◽  
Erik Gawel
Keyword(s):  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Housing Developments ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
Sustainable Stormwater Management ◽  
Current Governance

While a policy of more decentralized stormwater management is increasingly being pursued in areas containing new housing developments, the question arises as to how stormwater management is handled in existing settlements, where restructuring the drainage system is a much more complex affair and often requires the active involvement of property owners. Recognizing that the multidimensional objectives of stormwater management in settlements call for a range of local strategies, this article examines the interaction and strategic contribution of two key municipal institutions for regulating stormwater management, namely, compulsory connection and usage and stormwater charges, in order to examine how they meet these objectives when property owners are involved. The following questions are addressed: How do these two key institutions link the varied objectives of stormwater management with practical options for decentralization? Which institutional designs are capable of integrating property owners into a municipal stormwater strategy in a coherent manner? What is current local government practice? This article begins by analyzing the interactions between different objectives of stormwater management, the interplay of the two key institutions, and options for stormwater management on private properties. On this basis, we then present an empirical study of current practice in 44 medium to large cities in Germany. This shows that while local governments devise very different—and often inconsistent—institutional designs, decentralization is quite commonly pursued in existing settlements.

A Real Or a Marginal Trend in Participatory Budgets in Local Governments

e-Finanse ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Beata Zofia Filipiak ◽  
Marek Dylewski
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Participatory Budget

AbstractThe purpose of the article is analysis of participatory budgets as a tool for shaping decisions of local communities on the use of public funds. The authors ask the question of whether the current practice of using the participatory budget is actually a growing trend in local government finances or, after the initial euphoria resulting from participation, society ceased to notice the real possibilities of influencing the directions of public expenditures as an opportunity to legislate public policies implemented. It is expected that the conducted research will allow us to evaluate the participatory budget and indicate whether this tool practically acts as a stimulus for changes in the scope of tasks under public policies. The authors analyzed and evaluated the announced competitions for projects as part of the procedure for elaborating participatory budgeting for selected LGUs. Then, they carried out an in-depth analysis of the data used to assess real social participation in the process of establishing social policies.

A study on the effects of urban runoff controls in the sandsli research catchment, Bergen, Norway

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 379-384
Author(s):  
Sveinn T. Thorolfsson
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Urban Stormwater Management ◽  
Water Conditions

This paper describes a case study on a new alternative drainage system for urban stormwater management, the so-called “Sandsli-system”. The aim of this study is to evaluate the Sandsli system and the effects of the solution on ground water conditions. The study is carried out in the Sandsli research catchment in Bergen, Norway. The idea behind the “Sandsli-system is not to mix the polluted and the clean stormwater combined with a source control for both stormwater quantity and quality. The clean stormwater is percolated as quickly as possible, while the polluted stormwater is collected and conducted to an appropriate site for disposal or treatment. The Sandsli-system was developed as an alternative drainage system to the conventional drainage system. The system has been functioning satisfactorily since 1981 to date. The advantages of the use of the Sandsli-system is highlighted i.e. recharging the stormwater to the ground water. The Sandsli-system is appropriate to locations with climate and geology similar to that found in the coastal part of Norway

Parkland Dedication: How are Cities Implementing the Rough Proportionality Principle?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Crompton
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Professional Engineer ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
General Welfare ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
New Development ◽  
Proportionality Principle

As part of local governments’ mandate to regulate for the “health, safety, and general welfare” of their residents, many have included a parkland dedication exaction on new development in their sub-division regulations. The rules governing the magnitude of the dedication were established in 1994 by the U.S. Supreme Court in Dolan v City of Tigard. The Court ruled there must be “rough proportionality” between a dedication exaction and the projected new demand from a development. The ruling requires a local jurisdiction to be proactive in quantifying the justification for the magnitude of a dedication it imposes, but the Court offered no guidance on how the quantification should be done. This study’s two objectives were: (i) to investigate the extent to which cities’ ordinances comply with the Supreme Court’s ruling, and (ii) to identify best practices among cities’ ordinances relating to operationalizing the “rough proportionality” principle. Parkland dedication ordinances were analyzed from 73 Texas cities, supplemented by insights from those of 29 large cities outside Texas. In 65 of the Texas ordinances where “rough proportionality” comparisons could be made, the analyses found percentage under-dedications ranging from 9% to 1,250%. In defiance of the Court’s ruling, almost two-thirds of the ordinances showed no evidence of using an empirical quantitative method to establish “rough proportionality.” Many of these ordinances provided a service level ratio, but it appeared to be arbitrarily determined. These findings are especially egregious in Texas, since state law requires that the quantification of “rough proportionality” be certified as being appropriate by a professional engineer. Three models of best practice that used empirical methods to derive rough proportionality and met the Supreme Court guidelines are identified, described, and illustrated. Under-dedication often reflects the reluctance of elected officials to antagonize the development community. Thus, four strategies are offered to facilitate their efforts to impose a substantive exaction that relieves the burden on taxpayers, while demonstrating sensitivity to any protests arising from members of the development community.

scholarly journals Management activities in the field of wellness physical health activity of population in large cities of Europe: analysis of approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 221-229
Author(s):  
Yevgeniy Borodin ◽  
Valerii Makashov
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Logical Method ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
National Governments

Introduction. WHO has adopted a Strategy for Physical Activity and calls on national governments and local governments to update this area. The priority of this area is most obvious in large cities, whose population leads a predominantly sedentary lifestyle, resulting in an increased risk of disease and general deterioration in health both nationally and globally. The purpose of the study is to study the mechanisms of stimulating the population to develop physical activity, involvement in physical culture and mass sports in the activities of local authorities. Analysis of models of social interaction in order to form the commitment of the population to physical activity with the implementation of this value in all spheres of life. Material and methods - analysis of laws, comparative analysis, logical method. The results of the study - in some countries a network of healthy municipalities has been established and operates as part of the implementation of measures to support physical activity. In the EU, local governments have been paying close attention to this for several decades, accumulating a wide range of tools for effective interaction between government, the public and private sectors. Conclusion - this experience is extremely useful for Ukraine, namely in the study of the functions, forms and methods of physical activity management in large cities, especially in the context of the COVID19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Integrating Sustainable Stormwater Management in Urban Planning: Ways Forward towards Institutional Change and Collaborative Action

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bohman ◽  
Erik Glaas ◽  
Martin Karlson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Urban Stormwater Management ◽  
Collaborative Action ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Sustainable Stormwater Management ◽  
New Strategies

Climate change impacts, ageing infrastructure and the increasing imperviousness of cities all raise enormous challenges to and call for new ways of planning for sustainable urban stormwater management. Especially, closer collaboration among a diverse set of actors involved has been pointed to as critical to enable the development of holistic and flexible approaches. However, the shift towards inclusive forms of planning has been slow, and characterized by technical and institutional lock-ins. Against this background, this study scrutinizes the challenges and developments perceived as central for improving stormwater planning, and analyzes how formal and informal institutional change could contribute to enhancing sustainability in this sector. Building on an analysis of data from workshops, interviews and a survey with Swedish planners and water managers, we suggest new strategies for integrating stormwater concerns into planning processes, overcoming silo structures, fostering cocreation cultures, and securing the continuation and implementation of stormwater management through various planning stages.

scholarly journals Link between Land Use and Flood Risk Assessment in Urban Areas

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Zahra Kalantari ◽  
Johanna Sörensen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
Pluvial Flooding ◽  
The Impact

The densification of urban areas has raised concerns over increased pluvial flooding. Flood risk in urban areas might increase under the impact of land use changes. Urbanisation involves the conversion of natural areas to impermeable areas, causing lower infiltration rates and increased runoff. When high-intensity rainfall exceeds the capacity of an urban drainage system, the runoff causes pluvial flooding in low-laying areas. In the present study, a long time series (i.e., 20 years) of geo-referenced flood claims from property owners has been collected and analysed in detail to assess flood risk as it relates to land use changes in urban areas. The flood claim data come from property owners with flood insurance that covers property loss from overland flooding, groundwater intrusion through basement walls, as well as flooding from drainage systems; these data serve as a proxy of flood severity. The spatial relationships between land use change and flood occurrences in different urban areas were analysed. Special emphasis was placed on examining how nature-based solutions and blue-green infrastructure relate to flood risk. The relationships are defined by a statistical method explaining the tendencies whereby land use change affects flood risk.

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