scholarly journals Health and Heating in the City of Temuco (Chile). Monetary Savings of Replacing Biomass with PV System in the Residential Sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5205
Author(s):  
José M. Cansino ◽  
Roberto Moreno ◽  
Daniela Quintana ◽  
Rocio Roman-Collado
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Statistical Life ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Heating Degree Days ◽  
Polluting Emissions ◽  
Storage Batteries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of replacing residential use of wood burning stoves for heating with photovoltaic systems for the generation of electricity using storage batteries (PV + storage systems). The research focuses on the city of Temuco (Southern Chile) as a case study, since this city has a high use of firewood for heating (80% of households) and also because this city has been declared by authorities as an area saturated with suspended particles. The total cost corresponds to the acquisition of systems. The reduction of monetary value of the impact of polluting emissions, resulting from the combustion of firewood, on health and traffic accidents is calculated. The interactive tool GDB Compare has been used to calculate the impact of pollution on health both in terms of attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life years. The monetary value of the impact on health has been calculated using two alternative approaches: the value of statistical life and the human capital approach. To identify firewood use requirements, heating degree–days has been used for temperatures ≤15 °C and ≤18 °C. The emissions avoided calculations have been refined, including emissions associated with the manufacture and transport of systems through the life cycle analysis. For all scenarios, the main results show that the savings outweigh the costs.

scholarly journals Identification of traffic accident risk-prone areas under low-light conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2059-2068 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ivan ◽  
I. Haidu ◽  
J. Benedek ◽  
S. M. Ciobanu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Accident Risk ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Low Light ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract. Besides other non-behavioural factors, low-light conditions significantly influence the frequency of traffic accidents in an urban environment. This paper intends to identify the impact of low-light conditions on traffic accidents in the city of Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The dependence degree between light and the number of traffic accidents was analysed using the Pearson correlation, and the relation between the spatial distribution of traffic accidents and the light conditions was determined by the frequency ratio model. The vulnerable areas within the city were identified based on the calculation of the injury rate for the 0.5 km2 areas uniformly distributed within the study area. The results show a strong linear correlation between the low-light conditions and the number of traffic accidents in terms of three seasonal variations and a high probability of traffic accident occurrence under the above-mentioned conditions at the city entrances/exits, which represent vulnerable areas within the study area. Knowing the linear dependence and the spatial relation between the low light and the number of traffic accidents, as well as the consequences induced by their occurrence, enabled us to identify the areas of high traffic accident risk in Cluj-Napoca.

scholarly journals Effects of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Urban Mobility: Empirical Evidence from the City of Santander (Spain)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Aloi ◽  
Borja Alonso ◽  
Juan Benavente ◽  
Rubén Cordera ◽  
Eneko Echániz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Environmental Sensors ◽  
Daily Mobility ◽  
Private Car ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Northern City

This article analyses the impact that the confinement measures or quarantine imposed in Spain on 15 March 2020 had on urban mobility in the northern city of Santander. Data have been collected from traffic counters, public transport ITS, and recordings from traffic control cameras and environmental sensors to make comparisons between journey flows and times before and during the confinement. This data has been used to re-estimate Origin-Destination trip matrices to obtain an initial diagnostic of how daily mobility has been reduced and how the modal distribution and journey purposes have changed. The impact on externalities such as NO2 emissions and traffic accidents have also been quantified. The analysis revealed an overall mobility fall of 76%, being less important in the case of the private car. Public transport users dropped by up to 93%, NO2 emissions were reduced by up to 60%, and traffic accidents were reduced by up to 67% in relative terms.

Modeling the Impact of Transit Fare Change on Passengers’ Accessibility

2017 ◽  
Vol 2652 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyuan (Eric) Ma ◽  
Abdul Rahman Masoud ◽  
Ahmed O. Idris
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Transit Planning ◽  
Job Accessibility ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Mode Choice Model ◽  
Transit Agencies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Accessibility “to” and “through” public transit has been one key transit planning indicator that reflects service quality. Occasionally, transit agencies may consider a fare change to maintain operations or to attract more passengers. However, transit agencies do not usually consider the effect of such fare change on passengers’ accessibility. This paper investigates that effect. A multinomial logit mode choice model is developed to measure the monetary value of transit users’ travel time. Then, the cumulative opportunity measure of accessibility is used to examine the change in job accessibility after a recent transit fare increase in the city of Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada. The results show that the loss in job accessibility resulting from transit fare increase is inversely proportional to the length of the trip, given a flat fare structure. The findings of this paper should be kept in mind before a transit agency rethinks transit fare structures. For example, a transit agency could consider applying a zone-based fare structure as opposed to a flat fare structure to ensure better equity for all transit users.

scholarly journals Penerapan Restorative Justice Dalam Penyelesaian Perkara Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas Oleh Anak Di Kota Makassar

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-252
Author(s):  
Widya Indriani ◽  
Hambali Thalib ◽  
Abdul Agis
Keyword(s):  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Local Police ◽  
The Family ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis penerapan restorative Justice dan dampak penerapannya dalam penyelesaian perkara kecelakaan lalu lintas oleh anak di kota Makassar. Metode penelitian ini kalau dilihat dari tipenya adalah tipe penelitian empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  bahwa dalam penyelesaian perkara pelanggaran lalu lintas yang terjadi di Polres Makassar, maka jalan yang terbaik adalah dengan menerapkan penyelesaian restorative justice (keadilan restoratif) yaitu mempertemukan antara pelaku-korban, dan pihak keluarga untuk menyelesaikan perselisihannya dengan disaksikan oleh Polisi setempat. Adapun dampak yang ditimbulkan dari penerapan prinsip restorative justice dalam penyelesaian perkara tindak pidana lalu lintas yaitu tidak ada lagi konflik antara korban dan pelaku, Tidak berlanjutnya kasus ke pengadilan, serta dapat mempengaruhi sanksi pidana terhadap pelaku. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the application of Restorative Justice and the impact of its application in solving cases of traffic accidents by children in the city of Makassar. This research method when viewed from the type is the type of empirical research. The results showed that in resolving cases of traffic violations that occurred at the Makassar Police, the best way is to implement restorative justice settlement, namely bringing together the perpetrator-victim, and the family to resolve the dispute in the presence of the local police. As for the impact arising from the application of the principle of restorative justice in the settlement of cases of traffic crimes, namely there is no more conflict between victims and perpetrators, cases of continuing to court, and can affect criminal sanctions against the perpetrators.

scholarly journals Study of dust deposition and temperature impact on solar photovoltaic module

2018 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
pp. 04005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Jaszczur ◽  
Qusay Hassan ◽  
Janusz Teneta ◽  
Katarzyna Styszko ◽  
Weronika Nawrot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Dust Deposition ◽  
Pv System ◽  
City Environment ◽  
Temperature Impact ◽  
Module Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

This work investigates the effect of the dust deposition and temperature on the photovoltaic module working under varying environmental conditions. The impact of the module temperature caused by the dust deposition, as well as direct impact caused by the dust particle absorption, scattering and reflectance on module performance, has been analysed. Presented results showed that dust deposition even in desert free country Poland influences the module temperature and power output significant. The estimated join effect of dust deposition and temperature increase, on power loss after three-four days of natural dust exposure in the city environment, was about 0.32 and 0.37 point of percentage for the selected sunny and cloudy days while evaluated PV system efficiency was in the range 13.37-14.14%.

scholarly journals Burden of Disease Caused by Road Traffic Accidents in the City of Mashhad

Health Scope ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Mohammadi ◽  
Mehdi Yousefi ◽  
Ali Taghipour ◽  
Hossein Ebrahimipour ◽  
Mahdi Varmaghani
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The City

Background: Mashhad is the second-largest Iranian megacity with a population of roughly 3 million and receiving around 25 million tourists a year, wherein road traffic accidents (RTAs) have become the leading cause of death and injuries. Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to calculate the burden of disease caused by RTAs in the city of Mashhad. Methods: In this applied research using a descriptive cross-sectional method, data associated with RTAs in the city of Mashhad in March 2016 - March 2017 were collected based on a complete enumeration of RTA-induced fatalities and disabilities from the Organization for Cemetery Management (Ferdows Organization) affiliated to Mashhad Municipality and the database of the Ministry of Health of Iran (MOH). Following verification, the years of life lost (YLL), the number of years lost due to disability (YLD), and the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were measured through the method proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Results: The total number of RTA deaths was 677 cases (men = 494 (73%) and women = 183 (27%)) and the number of DALYs was 29155 years (men = 21219/3 (72/8%) and women = 7935/1 (27/2%)). Of the total DALYs, 96% of them were associated with YLL, and 4% were related to YLD. Conclusions: Mortality data are recorded with relatively high accuracy in Iran. Given low YLD in DALYs in comparison with the findings of similar studies in developed countries, there are possible defects in data quality, in particular in terms of non-fatal accidents and injuries. These findings can be thus exploited for optimal allocation of resources in Razavi Khorasan Province and across Iran.

scholarly journals Identification of traffic accident risk-prone areas under low lighting conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1453-1472
Author(s):  
K. Ivan ◽  
I. Haidu ◽  
J. Benedek ◽  
S. M. Ciobanu
Keyword(s):  
Linear Dependence ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Accident Risk ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract. Besides other non-behavioural factors, the low lighting conditions significantly influence the frequency of the traffic accidents in the urban environment. This paper intends to identify the impact of low lighting conditions on the traffic accidents in the city of Cluj-Napoca. The dependence degree between lighting and the number of traffic accidents was analyzed by the Pearson's correlation and the relation between the spatial distribution of traffic accidents and the lighting conditions was determined by the frequency ratio model. The vulnerable areas within the city were identified based on the calculation of the injured persons rate for the 0.5 km2 equally-sized areas uniformly distributed within the study area. The results have shown a strong linear dependence between the low lighting conditions and the number of traffic accidents in terms of three seasonal variations and a high probability of traffic accidents occurrence under the above-mentioned conditions, at the city entrances-exits, which represent also vulnerable areas within the study area. Knowing the linear dependence and the spatial relation between the low lighting and the number of traffic accidents, as well as the consequences induced by their occurrence enabled us to identify the high traffic accident risk areas in the city of Cluj-Napoca.

scholarly journals An Assessment of the Climatic Characteristics and Their Impact on the Traffic Accidents in the City of Ramadi

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 5088-5095
Author(s):  
Dr. Mohanad abed Hammad, Dr. Ammeer Mohammed Khalaf, Abd Ul RAzzaq Mohammed Jabbar
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Traffic Stream ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Climatic Characteristics

The facets of the climate have a great impact on the traffic of different means of transportation as long as  bad weather conditions usually reduce the density of the transportation, especially on the land roads, while good conditions help to increase the use of the land roads. The climatic characteristics have a direct impact on the occurrence of the traffic accidents for the increase in the amount of rain, the fog and the intensity of fog  are all responsible factors for impeding traffic stream. This study aims at identifying the effect of the climatic characteristics on the traffic accidents in the Ramadi city through the climatic data and trying to find out the impact of each element on climatic ones on the  traffic stream in the study area. This study also aims at reducing the impact of the climate in the traffic accidents in Ramadi city via finding some treatments to reduce the impact of the climatic characteristics in the occurrence of traffic accidents. The study comes up with that all the climate elements: rain, dust storms and fog have a direct effect on the occurrence of a number of accidents in the study area.

scholarly journals Relationships Between External Factors and Pedestrian Accident Blackspots – A Case Study of the City of Zagreb

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Ćosić ◽  
Ljupko Šimunović ◽  
Marijan Jakovljević
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Pedestrian Accident ◽  
Political Challenge ◽  
Pedestrian Infrastructure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Traffic accidents represent a social, health and political challenge in every country. Urban environments are characterized by intense traffic flows on the network, where different conditions resulting in interactions between motorised and non-motorised transport constantly occur, potentially increasing the risk of accidents. Although road accidents are considered as random events in space and time, a highly detailed analysis may establish correlations between road accidents and external factors (road infrastructure, traffic conditions, weather conditions, land use). This paper considers the impact of external factors on road accidents involving pedestrians in the City of Zagreb, which required an analysis of accident blackspots. The research conducted in this paper puts an emphasis on relations between external factors and accident blackspots involving pedestrians. The results can be used in planning pedestrian infrastructure and improving road safety.

The impact of a mega-event on city branding: The European Capital of Culture 2010 and the image of Istanbul

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evinç Doğan ◽  
Ibrahim Sirkeci
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Place Branding ◽  
World City ◽  
City Branding ◽  
City Image ◽  
European Capital Of Culture ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Symbolic Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

This study examines the ways in which the city image of Istanbul is re-created through the mega-events within the context of the European Capital of Culture (ECoC) 2010. Istanbul “took the stage” as one of the three ECoC cities (Essen for the Ruhr in Germany and Pécs in Hungary), where the urban spaces were projected as the theatre décor while residents and visitors became the spectators of the events. Organisers and agents of the ECoC 2010 seemed to rebrand Istanbul as a “world city” rather than a “European capital”. With a series of transnational connotations, this can be considered as part of an attempt to turn Istanbul to a global city. In this study we examine posters used during the ECoC 2010 to see whether this was evident in the promoted images of Istanbul. The research employs a hermeneutic approach in which representations, signs and language are the means of symbolic meaning, which is analysed through qualitative methods for the visual data (Visual Analysis Methods), namely Semiotics and Discourse Analysis. The analysed research material comes from a sample of posters released during the ECoC 2010 to promote 549 events throughout the year. Using stratified random sampling we have drawn 28 posters (5% of the total) reflecting the thematic groups of events in the ECoC 2010. Particular attention is also paid to the reflexivity of the researchers and researchers’ embeddedness to the object of research. The symbolic production and visual representation are therefore investigated firstly through the authoritative and historically constituted discourses in the making of Istanbul image and secondly through the orders of cultural consumption and mediatisation of culture through spectacular events. Hence enforcing a transnationalisation of the image of the city where the image appears to be almost stateless transcending the national boundaries. Findings and methodology used in this study can be useful in understanding similar cases and further research into the processes of city and place branding and image relationships. 

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