scholarly journals Benefits of Ryegrass on Multicontaminated Soils Part 1: Effects of Fertilizers on Bioavailability and Accumulation of Metals

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 5093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Waterlot ◽  
Marie Hechelski
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Lewis Acids ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
The Real ◽  
Chemicals Regulation ◽  
Accumulation Of Metals ◽  
Carcinogenic Metals ◽  
Environmental Availability ◽  
Assisted Phytoextraction

Effects of three phosphorus fertilizers on the shoot biomass and on the accumulation of alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metals in the shoots and roots of ryegrass were studied with two contaminated garden soils. Phosphates were added in sustainable quantities in order to reduce the environmental availability of carcinogenic metals (e.g., Cd and Pb) and to enhance the bioavailability of alkali and alkaline earth metals as well as micronutrients needed by plants. Addition of Ca(H2PO4)2 was the most convenient way to (i) limit the concentration of Cd and Pb, (ii) keep constant the transfer of macro- and micronutrient from the soil to the ryegrass shoots, (iii) decrease the availability of metals, and (iv) increase the ratio values between potential Lewis acids and Cd or Pb in order to produce biosourced catalysis. For instance, the real phytoavailability was reduced by 27%–57% and 64.2%–94.8% for Cd and Pb, respectively. Interestingly, the real phytoavailability of Zn was the highest in the least contaminated soils. Even if soils were highly contaminated, no visual toxicity symptoms were recorded in the growing ryegrasses. This indicates that ryegrass is suitable for the revegetation of contaminated gardens. To promote the sustainable ryegrass production on contaminated soils for production of new organic fragrance and drugs in green processes according to REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals) regulation, two processes should be recommended: assisted phytostabilization of the elements, and then assisted phytoextraction by using chelators.

scholarly journals Non-Covalent Interactions Involving Alkaline-Earth Atoms and Lewis Bases B: An ab Initio Investigation of Beryllium and Magnesium Bonds, B···MR2 (M = Be or Mg, and R = H, F or CH3)

Inorganics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibon Alkorta ◽  
Anthony Legon
Keyword(s):  
Ab Initio ◽  
Lewis Acids ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Lewis Bases ◽  
Complete Basis Set ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Equilibrium Dissociation

Geometries, equilibrium dissociation energies (De), intermolecular stretching, and quadratic force constants (kσ) determined by ab initio calculations conducted at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory, with De obtained by using the complete basis set (CBS) extrapolation [CCSD(T)/CBS energy], are presented for the B···BeR2 and B···MgR2 complexes, where B is one of the following Lewis bases: CO, H2S, PH3, HCN, H2O or NH3, and R is H, F or CH3. The BeR2 and MgR2 precursor molecules were shown to be linear and non-dipolar. The non-covalent intermolecular bond in the B···BeR2 complexes is shown to result from the interaction of the electrophilic band around the Be atom of BeR2 (as indicated by the molecular electrostatic potential surface) with non-bonding electron pairs of the base, B, and may be described as a beryllium bond by analogy with complexes such as B···CO2, which contain a tetrel bond. The conclusions for the B···MgR2 series are similar and a magnesium bond can be correspondingly invoked. The geometries established for B···BeR2 and B···MgR2 can be rationalized by a simple rule previously enunciated for tetrel-bonded complexes of the type B···CO2. It is also shown that the dissociation energy, De, is directly proportional to the force constant, kσ, in each B···MR2 series, but with a constant of proportionality different from that established for many hydrogen-bonded B···HX complexes and halogen-bonded B···XY complexes. The values of the electrophilicity, EA, determined from the De for B···BeR2 complexes for the individual Lewis acids, A, reveal the order A = BeF2 > BeH2 > Be(CH3)2—a result that is consistent with the −I and +I effects of F and CH3 relative to H. The conclusions for the MgR2 series are similar but, for a given R, they have smaller electrophilicities than those of the BeR2 series. A definition of alkaline-earth non-covalent bonds is presented.

scholarly journals Soft interactions with hard Lewis acids: generation of mono- and dicationic alkaline-earth metal arene-complexes by direct oxidation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2068-2076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Schorpp ◽  
Ingo Krossing
Keyword(s):  
Lewis Acids ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Alkaline Earth Metal ◽  
Arene Complexes ◽  
Direct Oxidation ◽  
Alkaline Earths ◽  
Soft Interactions

The alkaline earths like it hard and soft! By employing a radical cationic ligand-forming oxidising agent we gained access to unprecedented mono and dicationic arene complexes of calcium, strontium and barium.

scholarly journals Kinetic study of wood pyrolysis in presence of metal halides

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1294-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Beliy ◽  
Elena Udoratina
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Lewis Acids ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Reaction Order ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Alkaline Earth Metal ◽  
Metal Halides ◽  
Wood Pyrolysis ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractThe purpose of this work was to study the kinetics of wood pyrolysis in the presence of inorganic salts, representatives of classes of alkali and alkaline earth metal halides (NaCl, KCl, KBr, CaCl2, BaCl2·2H2O) and Lewis acids (AlCl3·6H2O, FeCl3·6H2O, CuCl2, CuBr2, ZnCl2·1.5H2O, NiCl2·6H2O, SnCl2·2H2O) using TG-DSC. The activity of these catalysts was estimated by the temperature of the beginning of pyrolysis, charcoal yield and kinetic parameters, such as energy of activation and reaction order. Using the Lewis acids as catalysts for pyrolysis leads to a decrease in the temperature of the process beginning and the activation energy. In the presence of other catalysts activation energy does not significantly change. The increase of a seeming reaction order in the presence of Lewis acids possibly is a consequence of complication of the thermodestruction mechanism, with the appearance of new parallel competing stages.

Contents of heavy alkaline-earth (Sr, Ba) and rare-earth (Y, La, Ce) metals in technogenically contaminated soils

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 822-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. N. Vodyanitskii ◽  
A. T. Savichev ◽  
A. A. Vasil’ev ◽  
E. S. Lobanova ◽  
A. N. Chashchin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Alkaline Earth

scholarly journals Toward a New Way for the Valorization of Miscanthus Biomass Produced on Metal-Contaminated Soils Part 1: Mesocosm and Field Experiments

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9370
Author(s):  
Marie Hechelski ◽  
Brice Louvel ◽  
Pierrick Dufrénoy ◽  
Alina Ghinet ◽  
Christophe Waterlot
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Lewis Acids ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
P Fertilizers

The effects of P-fertilizers (mono- and di-calcium phosphates) on the bioavailability of metals and nutrients in leaves and stems of Miscanthus × giganteus were studied in mesocosm and field experiments in order to propose a new way for the valorization of miscanthus biomass. The concentration of potentially toxic elements was generally higher in stems than in leaves. Although P-fertilizers were added to contaminated soils under sustainable conditions (from 0.022% to 0.026% w/w), the average of leaf and stem biomass generally increased in the presence of P-fertilizers due to the changes in the speciation of phosphorus. Leaves of the investigated miscanthus may be of great interest as a catalyst in organic chemistry, since the Ca concentration was up to 9000 mg kg−1 DW. Stems represent a potential biomass that can be used as renewable resource of Lewis acids, currently used in organic syntheses (the sum of Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Mg, Si and Al was near 1000 mg kg−1 DW). The percentage of Cd and Pb in leaves and stems of miscanthus did not significantly change with P-fertilizers. Depending on the mesocosm and field experiments, it ranged from 0.004% to 0.016% and from 0.009% and 0.034% for Cd in leaves and stems, respectively, and from 0.004% to 0.015% and from 0.009% and 0.033% for Pb in leaves and stems, respectively.

Performance of bioaugmentation-assisted phytoextraction applied to metal contaminated soils: A review

2008 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Lebeau ◽  
Armelle Braud ◽  
Karine Jézéquel
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Assisted Phytoextraction

Chelate-Assisted Phytoextraction of Lead from Contaminated Soils

1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1709-1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Cooper ◽  
J. T. Sims ◽  
S. D. Cunningham ◽  
J. W. Huang ◽  
W. R. Berti
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Assisted Phytoextraction

Experimental Study on the Phytoremediation of Manganese Contaminated Soil Using Phytolacca acinosa Roxb

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 1122-1125
Author(s):  
Shao Hong You ◽  
Xue Hong Zhang ◽  
Xiao Yan Lu ◽  
Jie Liu
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Dynamic Experiment ◽  
Extraction Capacity ◽  
Soil Dynamic ◽  
Mn Concentration

Phytoalcca acinosa Roxb, a perennial and herb, was reported to be a Mn-hyperaccumulator. In this study, P. acinosa was investigated for its potential to remove Mn from the soil in a series of pot experiments. The results showed that P. acinosa had a high extraction capacity for manganese in soil and extracted manganese from soil to the leaves and stems quickly. The average concentration of Mn in leaves was 17,043 mg/kg dry weight (DW) with a maximum of 28,202mg/kg DW. While the average Mn concentration in stems and roots were 3,138 mg / kg DW and 2,189 mg / kg DW respectively, and were less than those in leaves. Amount of Mn extracted by a plant was the highest (13.000 mg/plant) when Mn concentration was 500mg/kg DW in soil. Dynamic experiment indicated the best harvest time for P. acinosa was 60d. The sequential harvests did not significantly affect Mn accumulation and shoot biomass (p > 0.05), however, the stem and leave biomass were changed (p<0.05), indicating that sequential harvest might be an available and convenient way to achieve the decontamination of Mn-contaminated soils by P. acinosa. These results showed that P. acinosa with a high capacity to remove manganese from soil might be a good candidate for remediation of Mn-contaminated soils.

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