scholarly journals Analysis of the Wind Environment to Improve the Thermal Comfort in the Colonnade Space of a Qilou Street Based on the Relative Warmth Index

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianfeng Huang ◽  
Zhen Lu ◽  
Zhixiang Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Transitional Space ◽  
Wind Environment ◽  
Warmth Index ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Building Components ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd

By analyzing measurements of the thermal environment of a qilou (arcade building) street, this study used the relative warmth index (RWI) to evaluate the thermal comfort in the colonnade space of a qilou. The analysis of the influence of the temperature, humidity, and wind speed on the thermal comfort in the colonnade space of a qilou street was conducted, and it was shown that the ambient wind speed had a strong influence on the RWI, indicating that a proper increase in the wind speed positively affected thermal comfort in this space. Then, this study also analyzed the effects of different forms of qilou streets on the wind environment by employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and summarized the architectural design measures that can improve the thermal comfort, including adopting back chamfer, street gaps, and the appropriate sizing of building components. It was concluded that the wind environment of a qilou could be optimized in terms of these measures, and the average RWI value decreased by 0.06, effectively enhancing the thermal comfort in the colonnade space. The research findings are applicable toward designing a thermally comfortable environment in the transitional space.

scholarly journals Study of the Thermal Comfort of a Building that does not Comply with Construction Standards in Madagascar: Experimentation and Simulation with OMEdit

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-130
Author(s):  
Jaurès Ratsimbazafiharivola ◽  
H. T. Rakotondramiarana
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Radiation Flux ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Solar Radiation Flux ◽  
Subjective Study ◽  
Building Standards

A very large number of buildings in developing countries are far from complying with the standards of housing. This paper presents the subjective study of the thermal comfort of a building that does not comply with construction standards or thermal regulations, located in Madagascar. Modeling was done using the Modelica tool, especially its BuildSysPro library. In order to minimize the inaccuracies, a step of an experimental adjustment of the developed numerical model was also carried out usingexperimental reference data that were obtained from the temperaturemeasurementsof the studied building elements as well as the wind speed and the received solar radiation flux. It was found that despite the obvious non-compliance with building standards and thermal regulations, the building has an acceptable thermal environment vis-à-vis its occupant.

Analysis of the influence of cooling jets on the wind and thermal environment in football stadiums in hot climates

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangliang Zhong ◽  
John K Calautit ◽  
Ben R Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Outdoor Temperature ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Wind Environment ◽  
The Spectator

After winning the bid of the FIFA’s World Cup 2022, Qatar is facing the greatest challenges in terms of minimizing substantial energy consumptions for air-conditioning of stadiums and maintaining aero-thermal comfort for both players and spectators inside stadiums. This paper presents the results of temperature distributions and wind environment of the original stadium under the hot-humid climate and improvements on them for optimized scenarios of cooling jets. A combined computational fluid dynamics and building energy simulation approach was used to analyse the cooling performance and energy consumption per match of cooling air jets for 10 scenarios with different supply velocities, supply temperatures and locations of jets. The optimal scenario is to employ vertical jets above the upper tiers at supply temperature of 20°C and velocities of 2–12 m/s, integrated with horizontal jets of the same temperature at the lower tiers with 4 m/s and around the pitch with 7 m/s. This scenario can maintain the spectator tiers at an average temperature of 22°C and reduce the maximum predicted percentage of dissatisfied of thermal comfort from the original 100% to 63% for the pitch and 19% for the tiers, respectively. In terms of the energy consumption for the air-conditioning system per match, compared with one of the 2010 South Africa World Cup stadiums Royal Bafokeng stadium which consumed approximately 22.8 MWh energy for air-conditioning in winter (highest outdoor temperature 24.4°C), the maximum energy consumption of the optimal scenario in November (highest outdoor temperature 34.2°C) can reach 108 MWh. In addition, the spectator zones with scenario 8 have the potential to be resilient to the seasonal change of outdoor temperature if slight modifications of the supply velocities and precise temperature control on the spectator zones are applied. Moreover, the configurations presented in this paper can be used as a foundation of jets arrangement for future stadium retrofits in the hot climates. Practical application: This study assesses the aero-thermal conditions of a case study stadium under the hot climate of Qatar and explores the potential of applying cooling jets with different supply velocities, supply temperatures and their locations on the enhancement of both thermal and wind environment of spectator tiers and pitch. The assessment of the original stadium indicates that the ascending curved roof structure impedes the fresh air entering into the stadium and results in an asymmetric temperature distribution on the spectator tiers. The optimized design suggests a combination of vertical jets under the roof and both three arrays of horizontal jets at lower tiers and around pitch for future stadium optimizations in hot climates. It also recommends enhancing the thermal conditions on the pitch by optimizing the velocity of horizontal jets around the pitch. Moreover, the future design of the exact stadiums to be resilient to the seasonal changing outdoor temperature can be implemented based on scenario 8.

scholarly journals Effects of Supply Angle on Thermal Environment of Residential Space with Hybrid Desiccant Cooling System for Multi-Room Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 7271
Author(s):  
Joon Ahn ◽  
Ho Yup Choi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Comfort Zone ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Dining Room ◽  
Typical Summer ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
American Society

In this study, local measurement and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) were employed to evaluate the thermal comfort in a residential environment where desiccant cooling is performed in an outdoor air condition, which is the typical summer weather in Korea. The desiccant cooling system in the present study has been developed for multi-room control with a hybrid air distribution, whereby mixing and displacement ventilation occur simultaneously. Due to this distribution of air flow, the thermal comfort was changed, and the thermal comfort indicators conflicted. The evaluation indicators included the ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers) comfort zone, predicted mean vote (PMV), and effective draft temperature (EDT). The dry-bulb temperature displayed a distribution of 26.2–26.8 °C in the cooling spaces, i.e., living room, kitchen, and dining room. When determined based on the standard ASHRAE comfort zone, the space where desiccant cooling takes place entered the comfort zone for summer. Due to the influence of solar radiation, the globe temperature was more than 2 °C higher than the dry-bulb temperature at the window. A difference of up to 6% in humidity was observed locally in the cooling space. In the dining room located along the outlet of the desiccant cooling device, the PMV entered the comfort zone, but was slightly above 1 in the rest of the space. Conversely, as for the EDT, its value was lower than −1.7 in the dining room, but was included in the comfort zone in the rest of the space. By adjusting the discharge angle upward, the PMV and EDT were expected to be more uniform in the cooling space. In particular, the optimum discharge angle obtained was 40° upward from the discharge surface.

scholarly journals Thermal Comfort Condition in Affandi Museum Yogyakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Azka Millatina ◽  
Nedyomukti Imam Syafii
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Artificial Environment ◽  
Temperature Radiation

Thermal comfort is a basic human demand in interacting with space/architectural design. Determination of thermal comfort criteria can help the designer/architect in improving quality, function, and user thermal experience in an artificial environment. ISO 7730: 1994 standard states that the thermal sensation experienced by humans is the result of climate parameters (such as air temperature, radiation temperature, humidity, and wind speed) and human parameters (such as activity and clothing). These parameters were the focus of this study. The work program of this research collaboration was basically divided into 2 phases of activity, namely measuring and monitoring the conditions of thermal comfort in the Gallery 1 environment, Affandi Museum and providing recommendations for improvement of Gallery 1 thermal environment conditions. Primary data was taken from the indoor and outdoor measurement of air temperature, relative humidity and air velocity for 6 months. Physical architectural measurement of this study building and questionnaire methods followed the ASHRAE scale which was simplified to determine the level of thermal comfort, the scale of which was 2 (hot) to -2 (cold). The result of the measurement and analysis using a calculator based upon the ASHARE standard indicated that Gallery 1 of the Affandi Museum was in uncomfortable conditions. While the results of the questionnaire of 20 analyzes showed that at least 87,5% of respondents felt discomfort in Gallery 1, however, 60% of the respondent were still able to enjoy the collection and the atmosphere in gallery 1. The effective temperature index which provide 27,5-27,6 C and 66,7% RH as acceptable indoor environment in warm humid climate at Affandi museum case.

scholarly journals Study on the Performance of Adjustable Platform Screen Door in Subway Stations

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 24008
Author(s):  
Su Ziyi ◽  
Li Xiaofeng ◽  
Zhang Yue
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Comfort Zone ◽  
Thermal Discomfort ◽  
Warmth Index ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Subway Stations ◽  
Arrival Pattern ◽  
Occupied Zone

In the last decades, the construction of subway systems has been in rapid progress in metropolis. Former studies have pointed out that substantial amount of energy is consumed by subway stations. Thus, the adjustable platform screen door (APSD) system is widely adopted, which is characterized by the energy-saving in both the cooling season and the transitional season. However, the installation of APSD system might result in thermal discomfort for passengers, which lacks investigation. This study aims to study the performance on the thermal comfort of subway station with APSD system. In this process, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation was conducted using PHOENICS to obtain the velocity and temperature distribution under 3 kinds of train arrival patterns. Furthermore, Relative Warmth Index (RWI) was used to assess thermal comfort. The results show that the velocities of the platform and station hall are below 2.5m/s and 3.7m/s respectively, which is closely related to the train arrival pattern. With regard to the platform occupied zone, the RWI is between 0.04 to 0.19, which is almost within the thermal comfort zone according to the ASHRAE comfort classification. Nevertheless, for the occupied zone of the hall, the RWI is between 0.15 to 0.52, indicating relatively warm.

scholarly journals Evaluation Schoolyard Wind Comfort Changes Due to Rapid Developments: Case Study of Nanjing, China

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Qiuxia Xu ◽  
Zhen Xu ◽  
Chayn Sun
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Wind Environment ◽  
Building Height ◽  
Mean Wind Speed ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wind Comfort

(1) Background: Evaluation of wind environments regarding pedestrian comfort may unveil potential hotspot areas, particularly in the context of the rapid urban development in China since the 1990s. (2) Method: With primary schools in Nanjing as case studies, the authors simulated the wind environment of schoolyards with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach and evaluated relevant wind comfort criteria. (3) Results: The study showed that the comfortable wind environment of schoolyards generally expanded in three primary schools in summer and winter, and wind speed and the comfortable wind level decreased in some outdoor schoolyard spaces. The results also indicate that the mean wind speed of the schoolyards did not linearly correlate to the building density either within or outside the schools. An increase in the building height of the primary schools could improve the wind comfort of the schoolyard, but the increased building height in the vicinity may worsen the wind comfort in the schools. Meanwhile, a lift-up or step-shaped building design for schools can improve wind comfort in schoolyards. (4) Conclusions: This study provided simulated results and an approach for urban designers to evaluate and improve the wind environment for school children’s outdoor activities.

CFD Investigation of Air Flow Patterns and Thermal Comfort in a Room with Diverse Heating Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-158
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sobhi ◽  
Essam E. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Temperature Heating

Objective: The main focus in the current work is to investigate how diverse heating systems and their locations influence the indoor thermal environment in an exhaust- ventilated room. Methods: Four systems for heating the room were used in the current study, in which, heat was transferred by convection and radiation. The four systems were: wall and floor heating at low temperatures, Medium Temperature Radiator (M.T. radiator) heating and High Temperature Radiator (H.T. radiator). Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation was used to investigate indoor temperature, vertical air temperature gradient and thermal comfort for each case. The ventilation rate was set to be 6 air changes per hour (ACH) entering the room through a vent over the window. Results: The findings from the current work were that the low temperature heating systems had better temperature distributions with lower vertical Air Temperature Differences compared to high and medium temperature radiator systems. Conclusion: The Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and the predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) based on Fanger’s model were calculated for all cases, and were found to be in the recommended ranges.

scholarly journals Study on Wind Environment Influencing Factors and Layout of Urban Ordinary Residence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Chen ◽  
Xiang Duan
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Wind Field ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Wind Pressure ◽  
Wind Environment ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Building Layout ◽  
Architectural Planning

In the architectural planning and design, the commonly used architectural layout forms are determinant, diagonal, etc. Because of its centralized and symmetrical layout form, determinant architecture has been widely used in urban architectural design. Due to the high density of multi span buildings, the ventilation effect is not good, so this paper mainly studies the influence of multi span building layout on the wind field of urban ordinary residence. In order to optimize the wind environment of the building, a 7-story residential area was modeled and calculated by CFD. Through the analysis of wind field characteristics at different building heights, the results show that the total wind speed in Z direction of the building is the smallest, about 3.354 m/s; At the same time, the overall wind pressure values are within 5Pa of the standard wind pressure difference, but we still need to pay close attention to the possible environmental impact at the outlet of the determinant residence.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Connection between Thermal Comfort and Productivity in Buildings: A Systematic Literature Review

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Bueno ◽  
Antonio Augusto de Paula Xavier ◽  
Evandro Eduardo Broday
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Environment Variables ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Combination Of Methods

The thermal environment is one of the main factors that influence thermal comfort and, consequently, the productivity of occupants inside buildings. Throughout the years, research has described the connection between thermal comfort and productivity. Mathematical models have been established in the attempt to predict changes in productivity according to thermal variations in the environment. Some of these models have failed for a number of reasons, including the understanding of the effect that several environment variables have had on performance. From this context, a systematic literature review was carried out with the aim of verifying the connection between thermal comfort and productivity and the combinations of different thermal and personal factors that can have an effect on productivity. A hundred and twenty-eight articles were found which show a connection between productivity and some thermal comfort variables. By means of specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, 60 articles were selected for a final analysis. The main conclusions found in this study were: (i) the vast majority of research uses subjective measures and/or a combination of methods to evaluate productivity; (ii) performance/productivity can be attained within an ampler temperature range; (iii) few studies present ways of calculating productivity.

scholarly journals Scoping Review of Thermal Comfort Research in Colombia

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Medina ◽  
Carolina M. Rodriguez ◽  
Maria Camila Coronado ◽  
Lina Maria Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Future ◽  
Art Research ◽  
Occupant Satisfaction

The analysis of thermal comfort in buildings, energy consumption, and occupant satisfaction is crucial to influencing the architectural design methodologies of the future. However, research in these fields in developing countries is sectorised. Most times, the standards to study and assess thermal comfort such as ASHRAE Standard 55, EN 15251, and ISO 7730 are insufficient and not appropriate for the geographical areas of application. This article presents a scoping review of published work in Colombia, as a representative case study, to highlight the state-of-the-art, research trends, gaps, and potential areas for further development. It examines the amount, origin, extent, and content of research and peer-reviewed documentation over the last decades. The findings allow new insights regarding the preferred models and the evaluation tools that have been used to date and that are recommended to use in the future. It also includes additional information regarding the most and least studied regions, cities, and climates in the country. This work could be of interest for the academic community and policymakers in the areas related to indoor and urban climate management and energy efficiency.

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