scholarly journals Can a Blend of Amendments be an Important Component of a Rehabilitation Strategy for Surface Coal Mined Soils?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraha ◽  
Tesfamariam ◽  
Truter
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Restoration ◽  
Soil Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Plant Available Water ◽  
Rehabilitation Strategy

Soil compaction impedes plant growth by negatively affecting water infiltration, soil aeration, access to soil water and nutrients, and consequently restricts root development. Previous studies to alleviate such problems in rehabilitated mine soils using a single amendment material did not provide a long lasting solution. The aim of the study was to quantify the role of different amendments in alleviating selected soil hydraulic properties. Five single amendment materials and three different blends of amendments were mixed thoroughly with degraded mine soil in a 1:3 (amendment:soil) ratio and packed in columns. Two additional unamended soils with different bulk densities were included as benchmarks. In general, the application of amendments reduced bulk density (BD) by 4–20%, enhanced infiltration rate by 15–70%, increased porosity by 5–35% and increased plant available water (PAW) by 9–33% compared with the unamended soils. Between amendments, the blends of amendments reduced BD by 9–16%, enhanced infiltration rate by 17–59%, increased porosity by 6–32%, and PAW by 4–28% compared with single amendments. The study showed that a blend of amendments have better soil restoration capacity through improving porosity, infiltration rate and plant available water. A blend of amendments therefore has the potential to be a sustainable and an important component of a rehabilitation strategy for surface coal mined soils.

scholarly journals Biocrust effects on soil infiltrability in the Mu Us Desert: Soil hydraulic properties analysis and modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-386
Author(s):  
Hongjie Guan ◽  
Xinyu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Water Retention Curve ◽  
Soil Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Mu Us Desert ◽  
Soil Hydraulic

Abstract The presence of biocrusts changes water infiltration in the Mu Us Desert. Knowledge of the hydraulic properties of biocrusts and parameterization of soil hydraulic properties are important to improve simulation of infiltration and soil water dynamics in vegetation-soil-water models. In this study, four treatments, including bare land with sporadic cyanobacterial biocrusts (BL), lichen-dominated biocrusts (LB), early-successional moss biocrusts (EMB), and late-successional moss biocrusts (LMB), were established to evaluate the effects of biocrust development on soil water infiltration in the Mu Us Desert, northwest of China. Moreover, a combined Wooding inverse approach was used for the estimation of soil hydraulic parameters. The results showed that infiltration rate followed the pattern BL > LB > EMB > LMB. Moreover, the LB, EMB, and LMB treatments had significantly lower infiltration rates than the BL treatment. The saturated soil moisture (θs ) and shape parameter (α VG) for the EMB and LMB treatments were higher than that for the BL and LB treatments, although the difference among four treatments was insignificant. Water retention increased with biocrust development at high-pressure heads, whereas the opposite was observed at low-pressure heads. The development of biocrusts influences van Genuchten parameters, subsequently affects the water retention curve, and thereby alters available water in the biocrust layer. The findings regarding the parameterization of soil hydraulic properties have important implications for the simulation of eco-hydrological processes in dryland ecosystems.

scholarly journals Inverse estimation of soil hydraulic properties and water repellency following artificially induced drought stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilim Filipović ◽  
Thomas Weninger ◽  
Lana Filipović ◽  
Andreas Schwen ◽  
Keith L. Bristow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Inverse Modeling ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Irrigation Event ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Soil Hydraulic

AbstractGlobal climate change is projected to continue and result in prolonged and more intense droughts, which can increase soil water repellency (SWR). To be able to estimate the consequences of SWR on vadose zone hydrology, it is important to determine soil hydraulic properties (SHP). Sequential modeling using HYDRUS (2D/3D) was performed on an experimental field site with artificially imposed drought scenarios (moderately M and severely S stressed) and a control plot. First, inverse modeling was performed for SHP estimation based on water and ethanol infiltration experimental data, followed by model validation on one selected irrigation event. Finally, hillslope modeling was performed to assess water balance for 2014. Results suggest that prolonged dry periods can increase soil water repellency. Inverse modeling was successfully performed for infiltrating liquids, water and ethanol, withR2and model efficiency (E) values both > 0.9. SHP derived from the ethanol measurements showed large differences in van Genuchten-Mualem (VGM) parameters for the M and S plots compared to water infiltration experiments. SWR resulted in large saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) decrease on the M and S scenarios. After validation of SHP on water content measurements during a selected irrigation event, one year simulations (2014) showed that water repellency increases surface runoff in non-structured soils at hillslopes.

scholarly journals Decadal-scale shifts in soil hydraulic properties as induced by altered precipitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. eaau6635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Caplan ◽  
Daniel Giménez ◽  
Daniel R. Hirmas ◽  
Nathaniel A. Brunsell ◽  
John M. Blair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Precipitation Regimes ◽  
Decadal Scale ◽  
Pore Blockage ◽  
Plant Available Water ◽  
Soil Hydraulic ◽  
Precipitation Manipulation Experiment

Soil hydraulic properties influence the partitioning of rainfall into infiltration versus runoff, determine plant-available water, and constrain evapotranspiration. Although rapid changes in soil hydraulic properties from direct human disturbance are well documented, climate change may also induce such shifts on decadal time scales. Using soils from a 25-year precipitation manipulation experiment, we found that a 35% increase in water inputs substantially reduced infiltration rates and modestly increased water retention. We posit that these shifts were catalyzed by greater pore blockage by plant roots and reduced shrink-swell cycles. Given that precipitation regimes are expected to change at accelerating rates globally, shifts in soil structure could occur over broad regions more rapidly than expected and thus alter water storage and movement in numerous terrestrial ecosystems.

Effect of combined soil water and external load on soil compaction

Soil Research ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Hamza ◽  
S. S. Al-Adawi ◽  
K. A. Al-Hinai
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
External Load ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Strength ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Water Infiltration

Reducing soil compaction is now an important issue in agriculture due to intensive use of farm machinery in different farm operations. This experiment was designed to study the influence of combinations of external load and soil water on soil compaction. Four soil water levels were combined with four external loads as follows: soil water—air-dry, 50% of field capacity, field capacity, and saturation; external load using different-sized tractors—no load (0 kg), small tractor (2638 kg), medium tractor (3912 kg), and large tractor (6964 kg). Soil bulk density, soil strength, and soil water infiltration rate were measured at 0–100, 100–200, and 200–300 mm soil depths. The 16 treatments were set up in a randomised block design with three replications. Combined increases in soil water and external load increased soil compaction, as indicated by increasing soil bulk density and soil strength and decreasing soil water infiltration rate. There was no significant interaction between soil water and external load for bulk density at all soil depths, but the interaction was significant for soil strength and infiltration rates at all soil depths. The ratio between the weight of the external load and the surface area of contact between the external load and the ground was important in determining the degree of surface soil compaction. Least compaction was produced by the medium tractor because it had the highest tyre/ground surface area contact. In general, the effects of soil water and external load on increasing soil bulk density and soil strength were greater in the topsoil than the subsoil.

Effect of soil hydraulic properties on water infiltration of containerised soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
Harianto Rahardjo ◽  
Nina Amalia ◽  
Jian De Wee ◽  
Eng Choon Leong ◽  
Lai Fern Ow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Soil Hydraulic

scholarly journals Water Use of Hydrangea macrophylla and Gardenia jasminoides in Response to a Gradually Drying Substrate

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas O’Meara ◽  
Matthew R. Chappell ◽  
Marc W. van Iersel
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Plant Water Uptake ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Gardenia Jasminoides ◽  
Hydrangea Macrophylla ◽  
Plant Available Water

As a result of the lack of quantitative data regarding specific water requirements of ornamental species, precision irrigation can be a difficult task for nursery growers. One challenge for growers is that it is not clear how much of the water in soilless substrates is actually available for plant uptake. Substrate moisture release curves (MRC) have been used to predict the amount of plant-available water in soilless substrates, yet there is little information about whether there are differences among species in their ability to extract water from substrates. The objectives of this study were to determine 1) the hydraulic properties of a composted pine bark substrate; and 2) how water uptake in Hydrangea macrophylla and Gardenia jasminoides was affected by decreasing substrate volumetric water content (VWC). As the substrate VWC decreased from 0.38 to 0.17 m3·m−3, substrate matric potential decreased from –4.0 to –69 kPa, whereas hydraulic conductivity decreased from 0.115 to 0.000069 cm·d−1. To measure plant water uptake in a drying substrate, growth chambers were used to provide stable environmental conditions that included continuous lighting to prevent diurnal fluctuations in water use. Water use by H. macrophylla ‘Fasan’ started to decrease at a higher VWC (0.28 m3·m−3) than G. jasminoides ‘Radicans’ (0.20 m3·m−3). Plant water uptake stopped at a VWC of 0.16 m3·m−3 in H. macrophylla and 0.12 m3·m−3 in G. jasminoides. The results show that H. macrophylla is less adept at extracting water from a drying substrate than G. jasminoides. Traditionally, plant-available water in soilless substrates has been studied using substrate MRCs. Our data suggest that substrate hydraulic conductivity may be an important factor controlling water availability to the plants. In addition, there are important differences among species that cannot be detected by only looking at substrate hydraulic properties.

scholarly journals Modelling animal treading impacts on infiltration rate

1998 ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
Y. Tian ◽  
P.L. Singleton ◽  
G.W. Sheath ◽  
D.G. Mccall ◽  
W.T. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Model Estimation ◽  
Surface Cracking ◽  
Grazed Pasture

Sediment and chemical losses in surface runoff can be significant on land with rolling topography. These effects can be more severe in grazed pasture systems because of animal treading damage to the ground surface. The phenomenon of treading includes soil compaction, pugging, creating tracks and surface cracking. Modelling results presented in the paper provide estimation of changes in water infiltration rate with land of different topography, soil physical condition, season and grazing. These models were derived from field data collected over 3 years and were specified for micro-sites (0.5 m2). The modelling results identified that micro-site infiltration analysis was appropriate to land with complex grazing and topographic conditions. The correlation between the model estimation and field measures was up to 73% (adjusted R2). Keywords: animal treading, infiltration rate, soil compaction, runoff, cellular automata, spatial modelling

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