scholarly journals Projection of Long-Term Care Costs in China, 2020–2050: Based on the Bayesian Quantile Regression Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 3530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaocang Xu ◽  
Linhong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Severe Disabilities ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Bayesian Quantile Regression ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government ◽  
Quantile Regression Method

The aging population in China highlights the significance of elderly long-term care (LTC) services. The number of people aged 65 and above increased from 96 million in 2003 to 150 million in 2016, some of whom were disabled due to chronic diseases or the natural effects of aging on bodily functions. Therefore, the measurement of future LTC costs is of crucial value. Following the basic framework but using different empirical methods from those presented in previous literature, this paper attempts to use the Bayesian quantile regression (BQR) method, which has many advantages over traditional linear regression. Another innovation consists of setting and measuring the high, middle, and low levels of LTC cost prediction for each disability state among the elderly in 2020–2050. Our projections suggest that by 2020, LTC costs will increase to median values of 39.46, 8.98, and 20.25 billion dollars for mild, moderate, and severe disabilities, respectively; these numbers will reach 141.7, 32.28, and 72.78 billion dollars by 2050. The median level of daily life care for mild, moderate, and severe disabilities will increase to 26.23, 6.36, and 27 billion dollars. Our results showed that future LTC cost increases will be enormous, and therefore, the establishment of a reasonable individual-social-government payment mechanism is necessary for the LTC system. The future design of an LTCI system must take into account a variety of factors, including the future elderly population, different care conditions, the financial burden of the government, etc., in order to maintain the sustainable development of the LTC system.

The Experience of Long Term Care in the Future

1989 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carter Catlett Williams
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals A cross-sectional survey assessing the preparedness of the long-term care sector to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Yu-Hin Siu ◽  
Lorand Kristof ◽  
Dawn Elston ◽  
Abe Hafid ◽  
Fred Mather
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a significant public health emergency that impacts all sectors of healthcare. The negative health outcomes for the COVID-19 infection have been most severe in the frail elderly dwelling in Canadian long-term care (LTC) homes.Methods: An online cross-sectional survey of Ontario LTC Clinicians working in LTC homes in Ontario Canada was conducted to provide the LTC clinician perspective on the preparedness and engagement of the LTC sector during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey questionnaire was developed in collaboration with the Ontario Long-Term Care Clinicians organization (OLTCC) and was distributed between March 30, 2020 to May 25, 2020. All registered members of the OLTCC and Nurse-led LTC Outreach Teams were invited to participate. The primary outcomes were: 1) the descriptive report of the screening measures implemented, communication and information received, and the preparation of the respondent’s LTC home to a potential COVID-19 outbreak; and 2) the level of agreement, as reported using a five-point Likert scale), to COVID-19 preparedness statements for the respondent’s LTC home was also assessed.Results: The overall response rate was 54% (160/294). LTC homes implemented a wide range of important interventions (e.g. instituting established respiratory isolation protocols, active screening of new LTC admissions, increasing education on infection control processes, encouraging sick staff to take time off, etc). Ample communications pertinent to the pandemic were received from provincial LTC organizations, the government and public health officials. However, the feasibility of implementing public health recommendations, as well as the engagement of the LTC sector in pandemic planning were identified as areas of concern. Medical director status was associated with an increased knowledge of local implementation of interventions to mitigate COVID-19, as well as endorsing increased access to reliable COVID-19 information and resources to manage a potential COVID-19 outbreak in their LTC home.Conclusions: This study highlights the communication to and implementation of recommendations in the Ontario LTC sector, despite some concerns regarding feasibility. Importantly, LTC clinician respondents clearly indicated that better engagement with LTC leaders is needed to plan a coordinated pandemic response.

scholarly journals Review on Pricing Models for Long-term Care Insurance

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Syakir Asrulsani ◽  
Mazlynda Md Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Protection Mechanism ◽  
Long Term Care Insurance ◽  
Risk Protection ◽  
Care Costs

Funding for long-term care costs among elderly people is a critical matter, especially due to high costs and an unexpected length of time. Placement for long-term care that is funded under Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat (JKM) is very limited, hence, the next option is through private nursing homes. However, the cost could be up to RM 2,000 a month for each person. Therefore, Long- Term Care Insurance is an alternative to fund for Long-Term Care costs as it is expected to reduce financial burden during old age. It is a risk protection mechanism for an insured that needs health and financial protection when an individual is unable to do activities of daily living (ADL) or supports in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). This paper reviews three models that have been used in pricing long-term care insurance. All three models use the equivalent principle of premium to price the insurance policy. However, the probability and assumptions used for each model differ, depending on the insured's needs and profile.

Long-Term Care for the Future

2017 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Peter J. Whitehouse
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The Future

Determinants of long-term care insurance applications in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunhee Park ◽  
Heejung Kim ◽  
Chang Gi Park
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Long Term Care Insurance ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background South Korea established universal long-term care insurance (LTCI) in 2008. However, actual requests for LTCI remain lower than government estimates because some eligible candidates never apply despite their strong care needs. This study aimed to examine factors affecting LTCI applications for older, community-dwelling Koreans. Methods Both individual- and community-level data were obtained from a national dataset from the Korea Health Panel Survey and the Korea National Statistical Office (N = 523). Data were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Results Only 16.4% of older adults in need of care applied for LTCI. Those who applied were more likely to be older, report poor self-rated health, receive care from non-family caregivers, and have caregivers experiencing high levels of caregiving burden. Regional differences in LTCI applications existed concerning the financial condition of one’s community. Conclusions Our study findings emphasize that Korean LTCI should implement both individual and community strategies to better assist older adults in properly acquiring LTCI. The government should make comprehensive efforts to increase access to LTCI in terms of availability, quality, cost, and information by collaborating with local centers.

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