scholarly journals Fusion of Remote Sensing and Internet Data to Calculate Urban Floor Area Ratio

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3382
Author(s):  
Xiaoyong Zhang ◽  
Zhengchao Chen ◽  
Yuemin Yue ◽  
Xiangkun Qi ◽  
Charlie H. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Building Density ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Floor Area ◽  
Floor Area Ratio ◽  
Map Data

The floor area ratio is a comprehensive index that plays an important role in urban planning and sustainable development. Remote sensing data are widely used in floor area ratio calculations because they can produce both two-dimensional planar and three-dimensional stereo information on buildings. However, remote sensing is not adequate for calculating the number of floors in a building. In this paper, a simple and practical pixel-level model is established through defining a quantitative relationship among the floor area ratio, building density, and average number of floors (ANF). The floor area ratios are calculated by combining remote sensing data with publicly available Internet data. It incorporates supplemental map data and street-level views from Internet maps to confirm building types and the number of floors, thereby enabling more-accurate floor area ratio calculations. The proposed method is tested in the Tiantongyuan neighborhood, Changping District, Beijing, and the results show that it can accurately approximate the number of floors in buildings. Inaccuracies in the value of the floor area ratio were found to be primarily due to the uncertainties in building density calculations. After performing systematic error correction, the building density (BD) and floor area ratio were each calculated with the relative accuracy exceeding 90%. Moreover, the experiments verified that the fusion of internet map data with remote sensing data has innate advantages for floor area ratio calculations.

Zoning and the Special Theater District in New York

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 2472-2480
Author(s):  
Hao Jiang ◽  
Si Jia Jiang
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Historic Preservation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Floor Area ◽  
Floor Area Ratio

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of New York City’s attempts to promote its theater industry through zoning tools, which sheds light on balancing historic preservation and sustainable development. Using the original zoning resolutions and secondary data, this paper will analyze the changing problems, solutions, costs and benefits of setting up a Special Theater (Sub)District in order to protect a socially-desirable use and to recapture the value of private development at the same time. It will conclude that landmarking the theaters to be preserved provided them with legal protection and substantial funds created by the transfers of development rights (TDRs), while controls on Floor Area Ratio (FAR), usage and contextual requirements effectively shaped the area’s three dimensional form; the Special Theater Subdistrict has been highly successful.

Modelling the surface circulation and thermal structure of a tropical reservoir using three-dimensional hydrodynamic lake model and remote-sensing data

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Pedroso Curtarelli ◽  
Enner Alcântara ◽  
Camilo Daleles Rennó ◽  
Arcilan Trevenzoli Assireu ◽  
Marie Paule Bonnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Tropical Reservoir ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Surface Circulation ◽  
Lake Model

The relation between block size and building shape

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-121
Author(s):  
Masahiro Taima ◽  
Yasushi Asami ◽  
Kimihiro Hino
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Block Size ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Quantitative Relation ◽  
Maximum Volume ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Floor Area ◽  
Floor Area Ratio ◽  
Building Shape ◽  
Gis Data

Block restructuring has been strongly emphasized in Japan for renovating cities. However, little is known about the relation between block size and building shape. Moreover, the shape of buildings designed on a block after restructuring is unclear. In this study, the relation between block size and building shape is analyzed quantitatively, and a three-dimensional building shape is estimated by a model using an urban planning GIS data set of Tokyo. Results show the quantitative relation between block size and building shape, and the building shape image on the blocks. Higher buildings and buildings with a basement tend to be built in larger blocks, leading to efficient use of the maximum volume permitted in the block. In addition, the region composed by larger blocks can be spacious, because the range of building setback will be long in larger blocks. Designation of a high floor area ratio may induce integration and enlargement of blocks. Blocks are less likely to be partitioned in zones when a high floor area ratio is designated.

scholarly journals Estimation of building shape by block size

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Masahiro Taima ◽  
Yasushi Asami ◽  
Kimihiro Hino
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Block Size ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Floor Area ◽  
Floor Area Ratio ◽  
Building Shape ◽  
Building Footprint

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Block restructuring has been strongly emphasized in Japan for renovating cities. However, little is known about the relation between block size and building shape. Moreover, the shape of buildings designed on a block after restructuring is unclear. Some estimation methods for urban physical status, such as building footprint location, floor area, and land use, have been developed in previous research. Taima et al. (2016) developed a model to estimate the building footprint area by using GIS. The future image of the building footprint on various blocks is visualized. Similarly, Asami and Ohtaki (2000) developed a model to estimate detached house location. Orford (2010) developed a methodology for estimating the floor area of individual properties from digital infrastructure data. Shiravi et al. (2015) assessed the utility of some models for estimating floor area using three data sources: a geographic vector building footprint layer, a LiDAR data set, and field survey data for the south side of the city of Fredericton, Canada. They discussed the reliability and accuracy of each model. In other research, Brunner et al. (2009) extended a methodology for building height estimation and tried to improve its accuracy. Schmidt et al. (2010) presented an approach to the estimation of building density on the block scale. Land use (Debnath and Amin, 2016; Jiang and Liu, 2012) and floor area (Orford, 2010) are popular topics and estimated in previous studies of the urban field, but estimation of building shape has seldom been a focus in the literature. Three-dimensional estimations of buildings cannot be found. If software to estimate building shape by block shape and other conditions was developed, it would be useful to determine urban planning, such as population estimation and landuse estimation. In this study, an estimation model is developed and applied to certain areas. In this study, the relation between block size and building shape is analyzed quantitatively, and a three-dimensional building shape is estimated by a model using an urban planning GIS data set of Tokyo (Figure 1 and 2). Results show the quantitative relation between block size and building shape, and the building shape image on the blocks. Higher buildings and buildings with a basement tend to be built in larger blocks, leading to efficient use of the maximum volume permitted in the block. In addition, the region composed by larger blocks can be spacious, because the range of building setback will be long in larger blocks. Designation of a high floor area ratio may induce integration and enlargement of blocks. Blocks are less likely to be partitioned in zones when a high floor area ratio is designated.</p>

scholarly journals The Ventilation Efficiency of Urban Built Intensity and Ventilation Path Identification: A Case Study of Wuhan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11684
Author(s):  
Jie Yin ◽  
Qingming Zhan ◽  
Muhammad Tayyab ◽  
Aqeela Zahra
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Building Density ◽  
Building Height ◽  
Floor Area ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Floor Area Ratio ◽  
Ventilation Efficiency

Urban ventilation is being hampered by rough surfaces in dense urban areas, and the microclimate and air quality of the urban built environment are not ideal. Identifying urban ventilation paths is helpful to save energy, reduce emissions, and improve the urban ecological environment. Wuhan is the capital city of Hubei, and it has a high urban built intensity and hot summers. Taking Wuhan city, with a size of 35 km ×50 km, as an example, the built environment was divided into grids of 100 m × 100 m and included the building density, floor area ratio, and average building height. The ventilation mechanism of the urban built intensity index has previously been explained. The decrease in building density is not the sole factor causing an increase in wind speed; the enclosure and width of the ventilation path and the height of the front building are also influential. Twelve urban built units were selected for CFD numerical simulation. The ventilation efficiency of each grid was evaluated by calculating the wind speed ratio, maximum wind speed, average wind speed, and area ratio of strong wind. The relationship between the urban built intensity index and ventilation efficiency index was established using the factor analysis method and the Pearson correlation coefficient; building density and average building height are the most critical indexes of ventilation potential. In addition, the layout of the building also has an important impact on ventilation. A suitable built environment is that in which the building density is less than 30%, the average building height is greater than 15 m, and the floor area ratio is greater than 1.5. The urban built intensity map was weighted to identify urban ventilation paths. The paper provides a quantitative reference for scientific planning and design of the urban spatial form to improve ventilation.

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