scholarly journals Interaction between Higher Education Outputs and Industrial Structure Evolution: Evidence from Hubei Province, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan He ◽  
Manxin Zheng ◽  
Wei Cheng ◽  
Yui-yip Lau ◽  
Qingmei Yin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Mass Higher Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
Auto Regression ◽  
Industrial Structure Upgrading

In China, the government has made great achievements in mass higher education and intended to promote sustainable economic and social development. However, China still lacks innovation today and is trapped in its low-value-added industrial dilemma. Therefore, this paper aimed to understand how higher education outputs and industrial structure evolution affect each other by analysing evidence from Hubei, China, from 2004 to 2013. This paper quantified higher education outputs into graduate scale, education advancement, and innovation outputs and quantified industrial structure evolution into industrial structure upgrading and industrial structure rationalisation. Next, we applied the Granger causality test, vector auto-regression model, impulse response function, and variance decomposition to explore the causal relationships, response styles, and contribution rates between the indicators. The findings are as follows: (i) industrial structure upgrading and rationalisation are the Granger reasons for education advancement, and innovation outputs and graduate scale are the Granger reasons for industrial structure rationalisation; (ii) industrial structure upgrading and rationalisation can promote education advancement both quickly and significantly, however, education advancement, in turn, does not contribute to industrial structure evolution; (iii) though the contribution of innovation outputs to industrial structure rationalisation is hysteretic, it is greater than that of the graduate scale.

scholarly journals Market Integration and Causality: An Application to the Major Apple Markets in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpa S
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Response ◽  
Response Function ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Price Transmission ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Major Implication ◽  
The Government

Market integration and prices of fruit crops such as apple play an important role in determining the production decisions of apple farmers. In this context, the present study examines the degree of spatial market integration and price transmission across five major apple markets of the country, viz. Shimla, Chandigarh, Delhi, Bengaluru and Mumbai by adopting Johansen’s Cointegration Test, Grangers Causality and Impulse Response Function. The outcomes of the study strongly buttress the cointegration and interdependence of the apple markets in India. To get additional information on whether and in which direction price transmission is occurring between market pairs, Ganger’s Causality Test has been used, which has confirmed Shimla to be the price determining market as it has causal relations with all the selected markets. The Impulse Response Function supported that all the selected markets responded well to standard deviation shock given to any other market. The major implication of the study is further improvement in market integration situation through dissemination of price and arrival data efficiently and developing communication means with in the markets by the government.

A Value-Added Model To Measure Higher Education Returns On Government Investment

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland J. Sparks
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Student Loans ◽  
College Education ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Default Rates ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

The cost of college is increasing faster than inflation with the government funding over 19 million student loans that have a current outstanding balance of over $850 billion in 2010. Student default rates for 2008 averaged 7% but for some colleges, default rates were as high as 46.8%. Congress is demanding answers from colleges and universities about the quality of their education and the return on the governments investment. Current practices measure universities effectiveness by self-developed and measured outcomes. This system does not seem to be effective in measuring the value-added by a college education. This paper develops a model to evaluate the value-added through higher education. The model uses financial return on investment as viewed by the government lenders. A service quality model is introduced to help identify factors that are significant and easy to measure in determining a universitys ability to return the governments investment.

scholarly journals Low- and High-Skills Equilibria in Central and Eastern Europe: What Role for the Government?

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Tarlea
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Multinational Companies ◽  
Added Value ◽  
New Democracies ◽  
Skill Formation ◽  
The Government

What determines the incentives of governments and businesses to invest in skills needed for higher value-added activities? While many factors matter, this article focuses on the motivations and the role of political parties in government. A policy analysis in Poland and Romania between 1989 and 2015, shows how governments can determine a change in the supply of skills even in relatively new democracies. We tackle the variation in the supply of sophisticated skills in the two countries and find that, unlike governments dominated by national-conservative parties, governments dominated by liberal parties have strategically steered the supply of skills in the economy. They have simultaneously identified and incentivized three key actors to invest in higher added value activities: (1) They have steered their higher education institutions towards offering degrees conducive to research and development; (2) they have incentivized students through scholarships or through secure employment by fostering links with enterprises; and (3) they have bargained with multinational companies to attract sophisticated activities. The article suggests that political parties should figure more prominently in political economy scholarship focusing on CEE. Moreover, this work speaks to a broader debate about the role of political parties in skill formation and in institutional change more generally.

scholarly journals Analysis on the influencing factors of industrial structure upgrading in Northeast China

2021 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 03034
Author(s):  
Dapeng Dong ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Guiyan Zhao ◽  
Yihui Qi
Keyword(s):  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
Quantile Regression Method ◽  
Industrial Structure Upgrading

Based on the panel data of 34 cities in Northeast China, this paper uses fixed-effect model and quantile regression method to empirically test the influencing factors of industrial structure upgrading. The results show that the government has led the upgrading of the industrial structure in Northeast China, economic growth and investment in fixed assets has inhibitory effect on industrial structure upgrade, the level of opening to the outside world, the financial sector development and the increase of human capital in the northeast has obvious role in promoting industrial structure upgrade. The quantile regression results show that the coefficient of each factor are basically consistent with the estimated results of ordinary panel fixed effect model, which further verifies the robustness of the research conclusions in this paper.

scholarly journals An Empirical Study of the Relationship among Population Mobility, Industrial Structure Upgrading, and Economic Growth – Based on the SPVAR Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
Bowen Xu ◽  
Yang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Industrial Structure Upgrading

Based on the inter-provincial panel data for 31 provinces in China from 2000 to 2019, and incorporating geospatial factors, a spatial panel vector autoregressive (SPVAR) model consisting of population mobility, industrial structure upgrading, and economic growth is constructed. The space-time impulse response function is used to analyze the space-time conduction of exogenous variables on the impact of three endogenous variables. The study found that first, the population influx barely benefited the industrial structure upgrading and economic growth. Second, the upgrading of the industrial structure would aggravate the population mobility in the province, causing low-level laborers to leave the province in short-term, but in long-term, there would be influx of talents. Third, the economic growth in developed regions plays a significant role in promoting the industrial development of their province and population-rich provinces, but it has less impact on provinces with high-level industrial structure. Finally, policy recommendations are provided in regard to the benign interaction among population mobility, industrial structure upgrading, and economic growth in addition to clarifying the idea of economic development, implementing correct population policies, and promoting the coordinated regional development.

South African budget may ease downgrade fears

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
South African ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Debt Burden ◽  
The Government ◽  
First Time ◽  
Excise Duties

Significance The first budget since new President Cyril Ramaphosa election by parliament last week, it outlines the National Treasury’s response to a 48.2-billion-rand (4.2 billion dollars) tax revenue shortfall for 2017/18. The government has raised the rate of value-added tax (VAT) for the first time since 1993, while committing to free higher education for students from poorer and working-class families, and to tackling the debt burden. Impacts Increased excise duties on luxury goods will slow demand for these items, while an increased fuel levy will drive consumer goods inflation. Reduced infrastructure spending at the provincial level could hamper service delivery. Ongoing public sector wage talks could increase pressure on budgetary targets.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Scientific Research Based on Key Performance Indicators (KPIs): A Case Study in Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Fahad Omar Alomary
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Government ◽  
Ministry Of Higher Education

Several years ago Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) becoming a best measurement practiced by the government sectors. The Ministry of Higher Education in Saudi Arabia opens up to new technology, opportunities, and improved ways to acquire and disseminate scientific teaching and research to bring quality at par with the international standards. KPIs provide quality assurance to the scientific research and higher education. The KPIs are variable and designed specifically for a particular entity such as education, research, finance, operation management etc. Scientific research in Saudi Arabia needs special attention from governing bodies and those who are already involved in scientific research. In case of Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMAMU), performance indicators are implemented but with skepticism. In future research, the Ministry of Higher Education, Saudi Arabia should provide the best indicators to measure the performance of Saudi universities by putting some value added in implementation of KPIs. Furthermore, third parties such as government servant and stakeholders should togetherness in performing their jobs to make sure everybody is complying with KPIs sets by its agencies.

scholarly journals Fiscal Policy, Monetary Policy and Price Volatility: Evidence from an Emerging Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Le Thanh Tung
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Granger Causality Test ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Vietnam is an Asian emerging country, which now is ranked in the group of the fastest-gro- wing economies worldwide. However, this economy has faced galloping inflation in recent years. So the Vietnamese experience is a valuable reference for the policymakers in the developing world in order to successfully control price volatility. Our study applies the Vector autoregressive method, the Johansen cointegration test, and the Granger causality test to examine the impact of fiscal and monetary policy on price volatility in Vietnam with a quarterly data sample collected over the period from 2004 to 2018. The study results confirm the existence of a long-term cointegration relationship between these policies and price volatility in Vietnam. Besides, the variance decomposition and impulse response function also show that the impact of these policies on inflation is clear, however, the fiscal policy more strongly affects inflation than the monetary policy. Finally, the Granger causality test also indicates one-way causality relationships from the government expenditure as well as the exchange rate to price volatility in the study period.

scholarly journals Fiscal Policy, Monetary Policy and Price Volatility: Evidence from an Emerging Economy

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Thanh Tung
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Granger Causality Test ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Vietnam is an Asian emerging country, which now is ranked in the group of the fastest-gro-wing economies worldwide. However, this economy has faced galloping inflation in recent years. So the Vietnamese experience is a valuable reference for the policymakers in the developing world in order to successfully control price volatility. Our study applies the Vector autoregressive method, the Johansen cointegration test, and the Granger causality test to examine the impact of fiscal and monetary policy on price volatility in Vietnam with a quarterly data sample collected over the period from 2004 to 2018. The study results confirm the existence of a long-term cointegration relationship between these policies and price volatility in Vietnam. Besides, the variance decomposition and impulse response function also show that the impact of these policies on inflation is clear, however, the fiscal policy more strongly affects inflation than the monetary policy. Finally, the Granger causality test also indicates one-way causality relationships from the government expenditure as well as the exchange rate to price volatility in the study period.

scholarly journals Higher Education Changes in Great Britain in XX–XXI centuries

Pedagogika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-32
Author(s):  
Daiva Karužaitė
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Higher Education Finance ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
Financial Reform ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Mass Higher Education ◽  
Higher Education Quality ◽  
The Government ◽  
In The Beginning

The article reveals development and essential changes of higher education in Great Britain in XX–XXI centuries. During last century Great Britain higher education system has changed dramatically – from elite higher education in the beginning of XX century, which was available for very small part of society, to mass higher education with variety of institutions and education programs. Nowadays there is almost half of Great Britain population (of certain age group) obtaining higher education certificate or diploma. The junction of XX and XXI centuries was signed with significant shift in the gender structure of higher education students: more women obtained fist university degree than men. Ten years later the same was recorded in higher degrees. The intense change of Great Britain higher education from elite to mass inevitably influenced the higher education finance sector. Great Britain used to cover all expenses of higher education from the budget. However, the financial crises occurred in the last decade of XX century, and the government was forced to seek for new financing models of higher education. First time in Great Britain higher education history the tuition fee was introduced. Striving to ensure the higher education accessibility for all social groups in Great Britain, the tuition fees were complemented with the grants and loans with special repayment (or without) conditions. Nevertheless, the financial reform, started in 1998, already was changed several times and has raised lots of critics. Along with the financial reform Great Britain deals with the higher education quality issues. There was no essential discussions about higher education quality in the beginning of the XX century as it was elite higher education. Moving to the mass higher education with variety of institutions and dramatically growing student number, the quality question becomes relevant. Despite the owning the largest number of worldwide level elite universities in Europe, Great Britain seeks to ensure the quality in all higher education institutions in the country. Therefore the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education was established. The Agency puts students and the public interest at the center of everything they do. Great Britain higher education quality policy is implemented basing on the Quality Code for Higher Education.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document