scholarly journals Application of Viewshed and Spatial Aesthetic Analyses to Forest Practices for Mountain Scenery Improvement in the Republic of Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang Youn Lee ◽  
Jung Il Seo ◽  
Kyoung-Nam Kim ◽  
Yohan Lee ◽  
Hyeongkeun Kweon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Treatment Target ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Viewshed Analysis ◽  
Forest Practices ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Function ◽  
Public Forests ◽  
Forest Practice

Forest practices for mountainous areas can enhance the scenery value and function of forests. However, forest scenery management is rarely implemented except for conservation areas and public forests. In this study, we first used the viewshed analysis to extract visible and invisible zones from the surface areas of ordinary mountains in Korea, and then we used spatial aesthetic analysis to interpret the human-recognized characteristics on the visible zones of mountain scenery. Finally, based on the results of both analyses, reasonable guidelines for forest practice planning were proposed to improve the scenery of ordinary mountains. The result shows that the viewshed analysis made it possible to extract visible and invisible areas from the surface areas of ordinary mountains, and to determine the scale of zoning for forest practices to improve mountain scenery. In addition, using spatial aesthetic analysis, it was possible to explain the characteristics of mountain scenery according to distance and elevational differences between viewpoint and target, and to suggest a treatment target and direction for forest practices to improve the mountain scenery. This study is meaningful in that the viewshed and spatial aesthetic analyses were applied to evaluate the current scenery of ordinary mountains and to present guidelines for forest practice planning to promote their own scenery values.

scholarly journals Ecotourism in Russian Karelia: Emergence, development, opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Alexander Osipov
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Triangular Relationship ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
Poor Infrastructure

This review article examines the development of ecotourism in national parks in the Republic of Karelia over the last 30 years. In Russia, the term “ecotourism” has appeared in newspapers and scholarly articles since the 1990s and its popularity is still increasing. The authorities in the Republic of Karelia have argued that tourism and especially ecotourism have the potential to become a major sector of the Republic’s economy. This article focuses on the meaning of this term internationally, and especially in the context of Russia and Karelia, and considers this definition through the lens of conventional historiography. The key issue of this research is the triangular relationship between ecotourists, local communities and wildlife conservation areas or national parks, where ecotourism functions as a major tool, connecting all these points. This paper applies comparative historical research methods as part of a qualitative approach, analysing a variety of primary sources including archive materials, interviews and forum discussions. The article concludes that the slow growth of ecotourism, despite the attempts of regional authorities and the assistance of the European Union, is due to several reasons including remote locations, poor infrastructure and the lack of symbolic meaning for national parks.

scholarly journals THE MAIN PROBLEMS INTHE RECONSTRUCTION OF ROADS IN THE MOUNTAINOUS AREAS OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4(73)) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
R.K. Ahmedova ◽  
D.N. Selimhanov ◽  
A.R. Abdullaev
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
The Republic

The article deals with the main problems in the reconstruction of mountain roads. The main reasons for the need to perform works on reconstruction and bringing the existing network of roads in mountainous areas in accordance with the requirements of traffic safety are given. The characteristic of the main types of works which are provided at reconstruction of mountain roads for improvement of their transport and operational qualities is given. The problems of widening of the roadbed, roadway and roadsides affecting the modes and traffic safety during the reconstruction of mountain roads are considered. The sequence of work on the feasibility study of the width of the roadway and the roadbed in the reconstruction of mountain roads is proposed

An Analysis of Future Softwood Timber Supply in Western Washington

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Darius M. Adams ◽  
Ralph J. Alig ◽  
James A. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Private Forest ◽  
Land Loss ◽  
Private Lands ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Forest Practices ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
Western Washington ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Private Management ◽  
Forest Practice

Abstract Western Washington faces many changes in its private timber resources, in policies regulating private forest practices, and in management directions on public lands that could markedly alter future timber supplies. Assuming stability of forest practice regulations extant in early 1992 and in past trends in private management, future nonfederal softwood harvest could change little from the average levels of the 1980s. A 70% reduction in national forest harvests could reduce total western Washington cut by less than 10%. Our analysis demonstrates the impacts of uncertainties in this projection, including the basic inventory data, rates of land loss, rates of private management intensification, and future forest practice regulations. A key feature in all scenarios is the limited volume of older timber from which to draw near-term harvest on private lands. Thus, conditions or regulations affecting the availability of older timber or the minimum age of harvest have large near-term harvest impacts. West. J. Appl. For. 9(3):81-87.

scholarly journals Assessment of Changes in a Viewshed in the Western Carpathians Landscape as a Result of Reforestation

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Michał Sobala ◽  
Urszula Myga-Piątek ◽  
Bartłomiej Szypuła
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Western Carpathians ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Digital Surface Model ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Viewshed Analysis ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
The Impact

A viewshed analysis is of great importance in mountainous areas characterized by high landscape values. The aim of this research was to determine the impact of reforestation occurring on former pasturelands on changes in the viewshed, and to quantify changes in the surface of glades. We combine a horizontal and a vertical approach to landscape analysis. The changes in non-forest areas and the viewshed from viewpoints located in glades were calculated using historical cartographic materials and a more recent Digital Elevation Model and Digital Surface Model. An analysis was conducted using a Visibility tool in ArcGIS. The non-forest areas decreased in the period 1848–2015. The viewshed in the majority of viewpoints also decreased in the period 1848–2015. In the majority of cases, the maximal viewsheds were calculated in 1879/1885 and 1933 (43.8% of the analyzed cases), whereas the minimal ones were calculated in 2015 (almost 57.5% of analyzed cases). Changes in the viewshed range from 0.2 to 23.5 km2 with half the cases analyzed being no more than 1.4 km2. The results indicate that forest succession on abandoned glades does not always cause a decline in the viewshed. Deforestation in neighboring areas may be another factor that has an influence on the decline.

scholarly journals DPD (REGIONAL REPRESENTATIVE COUNCIL), AS A STATE AGENCY OF INDONESIAN STATE SYSTEM, RUNS THE AUTHORITY OF ITS ROLE AND FUNCTION TO CREATETHE EXISTENCE OF BICAMERAL SYSTEM IN INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
John Paulus Pile Tukan ◽  
Lita Tyesta ALW
Keyword(s):  
House Of Representatives ◽  
State Agency ◽  
Representation System ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
Parliamentary System ◽  
Good Government ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function

DPD (Regional Representatives Council) which is the representative of the region can be a counterweight in strengthening the parliamentary system in Indonesia. Since the amendment begun, the Indonesian parliamentary system has changed from a unicameral system to a bicameral system. However, if noticed, the functions, powers and duties set forth in Article 22 D of the 1945 Constitution and Law No.22 of 2003 on the composition and position of MPR (People’s Consultative Assembly), DPR (House of Representatives), DPD (Regional Representatives Council) and DPRD (Regional People’s Representatives Council), there are many assumptions that whether the function of Regional Representative Council can represent regional’s interests. DPD does not only serve as a counselor of regional autonomy board, and does not serve the legislature, as a country that embraces bicameral system. Bicameral is a term of representation system consisting of two chambers, which in Indonesia are known as DPR RI (House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia) and DPD RI (Regional Representatives Council of the Republic of Indonesia) which aims to achieve good government and the achievement of checks and balances between institutions, particularly in the legislature, which is one of the most important elements in the constitutional of the State.

scholarly journals Innovative forest practice agreements–What could be done that would be innovative

1999 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Forest Practices ◽  
Forest Practice

The concept and implementation of sustainable development are resulting in seemingly impossible goals for policy-makers and practitioners. Sustainability, in terms of government policies, tends to mean something quite different than what it means to Aboriginal peoples. Sustainability to Aboriginal peoples is not just about the environment and development; it is about survival of their peoples. Because of the close link between the social and economic elements of sustainable forest management, policies for strengthening the economic development of the forest sector are unlikely to be successful in the long run when they do not integrate environmental, social and cultural concerns. Innovative forest practice agreements (IFPAs) and other forms of community-based tenures offer vehicles to do so something unconventional–alternative mechanisms and means by which to incorporate indigenous knowledge and values and to implement Article 8(j) of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Key words: Indigenous peoples, Sustainable Forest Management, Innovative Forest Practices, tenure arrangements, Article 8(j), Convention on Biological Diversity

Formation of honey bees modern look and their reproduction in the republic of Dagestan

10.12737/6540 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-119
Author(s):  
Гасанов ◽  
Alibulat Gasanov ◽  
Абакарова ◽  
Muslimat Abakarova
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Mountains ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
The Third ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Natural Breeding ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Natural Dispersal

Grey mountain Caucasian bees are of great interest for the selection, as a valuable gene pool of different populations of this race is supported by high mountains and inaccessible gorges of Dagestan, while serving as an isolated mountainous natural breeding areas. The studies were conducted in three different climatic conditions of the republic: the plains, foothills and mountainous areas. In the area of natural dispersal of gray mountain Caucasian bees in Dagestan released several local populations and different backgrounds. Characteristics of the main morphological features of honey bees are the length of proboscis, wing and width of the third tergite and others. These features bees vary, depending on the habitat population. Numerous studies of Dagestan honeybees showed, that the longest proboscis inherent in bees of mountain zone (6.85 ± 0.03 mm). The plain bees have a smaller proboscis (up to 6.71 ± 0.01 mm), and in the foothills bees the proboscis occupies an intermediate position (from 6.69 ± 0.01 to 6.83 ± 0.01 mm). Two other peculiarities (wing length and the third tergite) are subject to variation, depending on the altitude above sea level.

scholarly journals Intestinal Mucus Layer and Mucins (A Review)

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Tarabova ◽  
Z. Makova ◽  
E. Piesova ◽  
R. Szaboova ◽  
Z. Faixova
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Intestinal Mucus ◽  
Mucosal Tissues ◽  
Gel Layer ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Function

AbstractThe gastrointestinal tract, like the urinary, respiratory, reproductive tracts and the surface of the eye, has large surface areas which are in contact with the exterior environment. The mucosal tissues in the gastrointestinal tract are exposed to large number of exogenous, water or food born microbiota. Therefore, they serve as access routes for different types of bacteria, parasites, viruses, enzymes and toxins. In order to protect the mucosal tissues against pathogens and aggressive enzymes, which are necessary in digestive processes, they are covered by a resident microbial flora and also by a viscoelastic adherent mucous gel layer. The mucus layer acts as the first line of defense against threats and also as a positive environment for beneficial endogenous microbiota adapted for symbiotic living. The quantity and quality of mucus layers varies throughout the gastrointestinal tube and is often changed and disrupted during the occurrence disease. A disturbed mucus layer in the intestine can result in changes in the whole organism, such as: impaired immunity, loss of weight and weak food conversion, which is important, especially in food animals. That is why several researchers have focused on these changes, both in humans and other animals, to find out methods and countermeasures, which will facilitate the best protection for the mucus layer in the intestine. In this review, we describe the composition and function of the mucus layer and mucins in the intestine.

scholarly journals PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN TAMAN WISATA ALAM TELAGA WARNA KABUPATEN BOGOR, PROVINSI JAWA BARAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Elka Pebriyandi Suherlan ◽  
Messalina L. Salampessy ◽  
Abdul Rahman Rusli
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Nature Tourism ◽  
The People ◽  
High Knowledge ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function

The existency of conservation areas and surrounding communities is an inseparable part. The interaction of the people with the forest area is influenced by the perception of local community surrounding the forest. This study was aimed to describe the community's knowledge about the Nature Tourism Park (NTP) and community perceptions of the management of NTP. This research was conducted in May - June 2020 in Tugu Utara Village, Cisarua District, Bogor. Data obtained through field observations, interviews, questionnaires and literature studies, and were analyzed quantitatively by describing the percentage of people's understanding of the management of NTP. The results show that the community has high knowledge of the NTP concept, function and role of NTP, NTP management and community participation in NTP management and the community has a good level of understanding about the existence and role and function of NTP for the community, a good understanding of the active role of the community. in the management of TWA and the importance of building cooperation in the management of NTP. Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts to increase the role and participation of the local community in the effort to utilize the potential of the area and its preservation.

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