scholarly journals Landscape Design as a Tool to Reduce Soil Salinization: The Study Case of Keriya Oasis (NW China)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2578
Author(s):  
Jumeniyaz Seydehmet ◽  
Guang-Hui Lv ◽  
Abdugheni Abliz
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Farmland Abandonment ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Water Logging

Irrational use and management of water and land are associated with poor hydro-geological conditions causing water logging and salinization problems, possibly leading to farmland abandonment and economic loss. This poses a great challenge to the sustainability of oasis’ and requires desalinization through reasonable landscape design by multiple crossing studies so we collected traditional knowledge by field interviews and literature schemes, except for the modern desalinization approaches by literature, and we found that the salinization problem has been solved by traditional land reclamation, traditional drainage, natural drainage and flood irrigation, locally. It is worth mentioning that the traditional reclamation in salinized areas requires flood water, sand dunes and a salinized pit area; the sand dunes are used to elevate the pit surface, and water is used to leach salt from the soil. Natural drainage (the depth and width are 4–10 m and 50–100 m, respectively) caused by flash flooding has significant benefits to some salinized villages in the range of 3000–5000 m and ancient groundwater drainage systems, such as Karez are supporting the oasis with drainage water for centuries. In addition landscape characteristics, salinization and hydro-geological conditions of the oasis were studied from Landsat image, DEM, literature and field photos. Then based on the gathered information above, a desalinization model was developed to decrease the groundwater table and salt leaching in the water logging landscape. Then according to landscape characteristics, different desalinization approaches were recommended for different landscapes. To address environmental uncertainties, an adaptive landscape management and refinement approach was developed, and acceptance of the model was validated by stakeholder opinion. The results provide guidelines for sustainable desalinization design and highlight the importance of combining traditional knowledge and modern ecological principles in sustainable landscape design.

scholarly journals Developing the paradigm of environmental management in agriculture (to the 175-th anniversary of V.V. Dokuchaev)

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-26
Author(s):  
V. I. Kiryushin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Ecological Planning ◽  
Club Of Rome

The main stages of the formation of ecological paradigms of environmental management are considered, the fundamental role of V.V. Dokuchaev ideas and the importance of following V.I. Vernadskiy works in their development are shown. The role of scientists of the Club of Rome in the development of the ideology of sustainable development and its controversial perception by the world scientific community is reflected. The analysis of the existing paradigms, in particular of the co-evolutionary paradigm, and its implementation in the theory and practice of adaptive-landscape farming systems is given. The priority tasks for its improvement are defined. Further prospects for its development are considered in the framework of the proposed constructive-biospheric paradigm of environmental management, which implies the creation of a network of agricultural landscapes (agricultural, water, land reclamation, agro-industrial, rural forestry, livestock, residential) in compliance with the ecological status of the territory. The grouping of ecological functions of the landscape and mechanisms of their transformation into socio-economic functions are considered as tools for landscape-ecological planning and design.

The Elaboration of Five "Perspectives": Application to Traditional Landscape Idea in Modern Landscape Design

2012 ◽  
Vol 226-228 ◽  
pp. 2458-2461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang Feng ◽  
Kai Yuan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Garden Design ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Artistic Conception ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Modern Landscape

Modern landscape design is in a multi-culture era when many disciplines and many aspects are interwoven. Modern landscape is some kind of similar to traditional landscape design, but is also different to it in some aspect. Chinese traditional garden design is really profound, and its garden making ideology is more based on building the beauty of artistic conception to win praise. This paper takes global urbanization background as the starting point, and from the five perspectives of city, behavior, ecology, art and building, the paper try to explain the essence and culture connotation of traditional landscaping idea with real examples. This paper aims to conclude and summarize new craft and new technology, to inherit and promote traditional landscape characteristics, so that the traditional landscape could meet the need of urban landscape designing and developing.

scholarly journals Seawater Intrusion Proneness and Geophysical Investigations in the Metaponto Coastal Plain (Basilicata, Italy)

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Rosalba Muzzillo ◽  
Livia Emanuela Zuffianò ◽  
Enzo Rizzo ◽  
Filomena Canora ◽  
Luigi Capozzoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Groundwater Availability ◽  
Hydrochemical Data ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Geophysical Investigations

The Metaponto coastal plain extends about 40 km along the Ionian coast, between the Sinni and Bradano Rivers (southern Italy). During the 20th century, the increases in modern irrigation systems, land reclamation works, the overexploitation of wells, and agricultural and industrial activities have deeply modified land use and groundwater availability and quality along the plain. These modifications negatively impacted the natural systems in terms of groundwater and soil salinization, magnifying the risks due to seawater intrusion. In this study, we explored the proneness to seawater intrusion, testing a multidisciplinary approach based on hydrochemical and geophysical investigations. A significant portion of the coastal plain was selected for this purpose. A set of 49 groundwater samples was analyzed to define the chemical characteristics of the water and geoelectrical measurements were recorded along three long profiles. The geoelectrical surveys showed in detail the aquifer bottom pattern where it is deeply incised by paleovalleys, defining the main hydrostratigraphic features, as it is necessary to prevent seawater intrusion worsening. The hydrochemical data highlighted areas with higher seawater intrusion proneness. The acquired measurements show the high proneness to seawater intrusion, especially where the aquifer bottom is very deep below the sea level, also far from the coast, and the relevance of the detailed knowledge of the aquifer bottom in supporting any kind of management.

scholarly journals Land Reclamation in Iraq

2020 ◽  
pp. 201-221
Author(s):  
Kanaan Abduljabar Abu-Gullal ◽  
Mukhalad Abdullah ◽  
Nadhir Al-Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Educational Development ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Engineering Project ◽  
Water Logging ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
South Of Iraq ◽  
Key Steps

Reclamation in Iraq was known in 1950s, where the problems salinity and waterlogging are mainly apparent in the middle and south of Iraq. The early interventions in reclamation sectors was simple, not precise, or calibrated properly, hence, salinization and water-logging aggravated. Since the reclamation activities are time and resources consuming, which may last in several years, these are highlighting the fact that most of the beneficiaries could not afford the conducting of this activity. Therefore, Iraqi government take the decision in 1970s to carry out the reclamation and improve the agricultural processes vertically. There are millions of donums were reclaimed along Iraq. There are key steps adopted to conduct the sophisticated reclamation in order to get rid of salinity, lowering water table to acceptable depths, and prevent future salinization. The reclamation is not just an engineering project, the full reclamation are also may include, rural development, capacities building for operators and beneficiaries, educational development, research development, and social development. Keywords: Land reclamation, Salinity, water logging, Iraq.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF AGROBIOLOGICAL MELIORATION ON THE SALT PROFILE OF ALKALI SOIL IN EASTERN BARABA DISTRICT

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
N. V. Elizarov ◽  
T. G. Lomova ◽  
M. T. Ustinov ◽  
V. V. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Solonetz Soil

The solonetz soil cover 21.7 % of Novosibirsk Region, or 3 686.2 thousand hectares. In the Barabinsk lowland and northern Kulunda, solonetz soil is seen as agricultural land, as it doesn’t make solid massifs, but occur as small spots among zonal soils (black soils, meadow-black soils and black earth-meadow soils). Regardless the vast area, solonetz soils fulfil 20 - 25 % only of the needs of the livestock industry, which is caused by low productivity in the natural state (1.0 - 3.0 c/ha of dry matter in the steppe and 3.0 - 5.0 c/ha in the forest steppe). The authors outline the necessity to increase solonetz complexes fertility and therefore improve precision technologies of farming based on various methods of land reclamation such as chemical, agrotechnical and phytomelioration with adaptive-landscape farming systems that preserve soil fertility and crop yields. Agrobiological reclamation is based on layer-by-layer soil treatment performed once per rotation. This treatment includes milling or distillation of the upper solonetz layer with further deep nonmoldboard loosening, as well as application of dry resistant, salt resistant and solonetz resistant annual and perennial grasses into the crop rotation. These grasses extract easily soluble salts and ash elements from the soil. The research results show the effect of agrobiological melioration on solonetz soils of the Barabinsk lowland. The authors observed the decrease in the number of salts in the soil profile. Particularly, the number of carbonates and hydrocarbons decreased; that indicates slight effect of soda in the soil formation. The researchers observed variation in pH from 9.1 (in virgin variant) to 8.1 – 8.5 influenced by reclamation. Graded tillage and phytomeliorants applied in the crop rotation resulted in higher fertility of saline soils and their chemical parameters equal to the values of zone soil.

scholarly journals Preliminary Forecasting of Rainfall-Induced Shallow Landslides in the Wildfire Burned Areas of Western Greece

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 877
Author(s):  
Spyridon Lainas ◽  
Nikolaos Depountis ◽  
Nikolaos Sabatakakis
Keyword(s):  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Threshold ◽  
Shallow Landslide ◽  
Exceedance Probability ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Annual Probability ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Landslide Forecasting ◽  
Western Greece

A new methodology for shallow landslide forecasting in wildfire burned areas is proposed by estimating the annual probability of rainfall threshold exceedance. For this purpose, extensive geological fieldwork was carried out in 122 landslides, which have been periodically activated in Western Greece, after the devastating wildfires that occurred in August 2007 and burned large areas in several parts of Western Greece. In addition, daily rainfall data covering more than 40 years has been collected and statistically processed to estimate the exceedance probability of the rainfall threshold above which these landslides are activated. The objectives of this study are to quantify the magnitude and duration of rainfall above which landslides in burned areas are activated, as well as to introduce a novel methodology on rainfall-induced landslide forecasting. It has been concluded that rainfall-induced landslide annual exceedance probability in the burned areas is higher when cumulative rainfall duration ranges from 6 to 9 days with local differences due to the prevailing geological conditions and landscape characteristics. The proposed methodology can be used as a basis for landslide forecasting in wildfire-affected areas, especially when triggered by rainfall, and can be further developed as a tool for preliminary landslide hazard assessment.

scholarly journals Edibility of Trachyandra ciliata (L.F.) kunth - an underutilized vegetable from South African Western Cape Coast: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 18644-18661
Author(s):  
Sihle Ngxabi ◽  
◽  
Jimoh Muhali ◽  
Charles Laubscher ◽  
Learnmore Kambizi
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Cape Coast ◽  
Sustainable Crop Production ◽  
Technological Advances

security and nutrition and promote sustainable crop production by 2050. However, climate change, increasing soil salinization and the inadequate availability of fresh water have negatively affected crop production around the world including South Africa, making it difficult to meet the required target. This necessitates the use of wild edible plants that are adapted to adverse conditions such as drought and salinity in order to mitigate this problem. The genus Trachyandra (Asphodelaceae) consist of three edible species (T. ciliata, T. divaricata and T. falcata) which are native to the dry saline environments of the western Cape coastal sand dunes. The genus is less studied with no record of cultivated species, although the existing literature states that T. ciliata, (wild cabbage) was originally used as a food source by the indigenous Khoi-san people who lived on the South African Cape coast. Colonization and removal of indigenous people from cultural lands led to erosion and detachment from the knowledge of the land and its useful plants. The species is used in selected restaurants where the inflorescence is steamed and eaten as a vegetable or added into a stew. This review explores the importance of Asphodelaceae family, T. ciliata as a vegetable crop and its potential as a pharmaceutical candidate. Furthermore, this review examines potential technological advances such as hydroponics that could be used for sustainable crop production of T. ciliata. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was utilized in the selection of articles in this review. The existing literature provided useful information on the potential of T. ciliata as a vegetable crop and the importance of using halophytes to achieve food security. This appraisal is expected to serve as a template for researchers, food enthusiasts, potential farmers and policy makers who may be keen in exploring further nutritional composition and medicinal potential of this plant.

scholarly journals Quartz OSL and K-feldspar post-IR IRSL dating of sand accumulation in the Lower Liao Plain (Liaoning, NE China)

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Sumiko Tsukamoto ◽  
Ke Hu ◽  
Manfred Frechen
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Infrared Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
Sand Accumulation ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The timing of the formation of extensively distributed sand dunes in the Bohai coastal area and its forcing factors are poorly understood. In this study, the chronology of a well-preserved sand dune located in Panjin Forest Park (PJ) in the Lower Liao Plain (LLP) is investigated using quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and K-feldspar postinfrared (IR) infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) (pIRIR) dating. For the pIRIR measurements, the combination of preheating at 180°C and pIRIR stimulation at 150°C (pIRIR150) is exploited. The quartz results show that the sand dune accumulated from c. 120 a (1890 AD) to c. 70 a (1940 AD) before present, and the underlying sandy soil sediments deposited from c. 5.0 ka to c. 0.13 ka as marsh sediment after the sea level highstand since the mid-Holocene. From the evidence in historical coastline records, the PJ sand dune is an inland sand dune and not a coastal sand dune. Based on further information of climate and temperature change after the Little Ice Age (LIA) and human activity in northeastern China, we conclude that the PJ sand dune accumulation was very likely impacted by the immigrants and land reclamation at the end of Qing dynasty. The fading corrected IR50 ages, the apparent and fading corrected pIRIR150 ages are consistent with quartz ages for two sandy soil samples but overestimate those for six sand samples. The overestimation of the feldspar ages is derived from the residual signal which has not been bleached before burial. The offset obtained from the difference between the quartz OSL and the feldspar pIRIR150 ages are ~20–160 a (predicted residual dose: ~0.08–0.60 Gy), whereas the measured residual dose after bleaching 4 h in a solar simulator yielded age overestimation of ~10–40 a (~0.05–0.16 Gy). The age discrepancy calculated from the predicted residual was larger than those obtained from the laboratory measured residuals. We conclude that the pIRIR150 of aeolian sediment is applicable for samples older than ~1000 years where the effect of the residual dose become negligible.

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