scholarly journals Study on Structural Characteristics of China’s Passenger Airline Network Based on Network Motifs Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Jin ◽  
Ye Wei ◽  
Chunliang Xiu ◽  
Wei Song ◽  
Kaixian Yang
Keyword(s):  
Airline Industry ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Network Motifs ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Airline Networks ◽  
Airline Network ◽  
Industry Sustainability ◽  
Advanced Development

The air passenger transport network system is an important agent of social and economic connections between cities. Studying on the airline network structure and providing optimization strategies can improve the airline industry sustainability evolution. As basic building blocks of broad networks, the concept of network motifs is cited in this paper to apply to the structural characteristic analysis of the passenger airline network. The ENUMERATE SUBGRAPHS (G, k) algorithm is used to identify the motifs and anti-motifs of the passenger airline network in China. A total of 37 airline companies are subjected to motif identification and exploring the structural and functional characteristics of the airline networks corresponding to different motifs. These 37 airline companies are classified according to the motif concentration curves into three development stages, which include mono-centric divergence companies at the low-level development stage, transitional companies at the intermediate development stage, and multi-centric and hierarchical companies at the advanced development stage. Finally, we found that adjusting the number of proper network motifs is useful to optimize the overall structure of airline networks, which is profitable for air transport sustainable development.

scholarly journals A Tool to Measure Maturity of an Employee Suggestion Scheme

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flevy Lasrado ◽  
Boštjan Gomišček
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Innovation Capacity ◽  
Grading Scale ◽  
Creativity And Innovation ◽  
System Effectiveness

Abstract Employee Suggestion Schemes have been used in organizations for a long time due to the fact that they enable fostering of creative ability of employees. However, they must be used effectively and in a sustainable manner to better the creativity and innovation capacity of organizations in order to improve competitive advantage. Therefore there is a need to understand the maturity of Employee Suggestion Schemes. This paper proposes a new, structured evaluation tool for assessing an organizational Employee Suggestion Scheme maturity. It suggests five building blocks: Leadership and Work Environment, System Capability, System Effectiveness, Organizational Encouragement and System Barriers, each of them characterized by several relevant indicators and an assessment/grading scale in order for an organization to be able to determine the maturity level of their Employee Suggestion Scheme as: Initial stage, Development stage or Advanced stage. Organizations should apply this tool to assess the maturity level of their Employee Suggestion Scheme and draw a roadmap for its improvements.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF THE NEW DISTRIBUTION CAPABILITY (NDC) STANDARD ON FUTURE AIRLINE DISTRIBUTION – A CRITICAL ANALYSIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-133
Author(s):  
Yvonne Ziegler ◽  
Jörg Troester ◽  
Abdul Mu’ti Sazali
Keyword(s):  
Airline Industry ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Global Distribution ◽  
Travel Agents ◽  
Important Development ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
New Distribution

In 2012 IATA has initiated a new communication standard in airline distribution called New Distribution Capability (NDC) that will enable airlines, IT providers, and travel agents to work together to create new capability in the distribution of airline products and services as well as to simplify the business. NDC has been introduced to solve limitations of the existing programs in the distribution system and to represent the modernization of future air travel distribution. NDC standard intends to give a potential impact on future airline distribution where airlines will have wider opportunities to directly interact with intermediaries and reduce commission fees to the Global Distribution System (GDS). This study, in particular, confirms that airline distribution specialists firmly believe that NDC constitutes an important development in the airline industry and, while still being in its development stage, it clearly has the potential to address today´s market issues and to solve tomorrow´s challenges.

Discovering Network Motifs in Protein Interaction Networks

2009 ◽  
pp. 117-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Wan ◽  
Hiroshi Mamitsuka
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interaction ◽  
Graph Algorithms ◽  
Protein Interaction Network ◽  
Undirected Graph ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Software Tools ◽  
Protein Interaction Networks ◽  
Interaction Networks ◽  
Network Motifs

This chapter examines some of the available techniques for analyzing a protein interaction network (PIN) when depicted as an undirected graph. Within this graph, algorithms have been developed which identify “notable” smaller building blocks called network motifs. The authors examine these algorithms by dividing them into two broad categories based on two de?nitions of “notable”: (a) statistically-based methods and (b) frequency-based methods. They describe how these two classes of algorithms differ not only in terms of ef?ciency, but also in terms of the type of results that they report. Some publicly-available programs are demonstrated as part of their comparison. While most of the techniques are generic and were originally proposed for other types of networks, the focus of this chapter is on the application of these methods and software tools to PINs.

Self-assembly of trigonal building blocks into nanostructures: molecular design and biomedical applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (31) ◽  
pp. 6739-6752
Author(s):  
Kaiqi Long ◽  
Yuwei Liu ◽  
Yafei Li ◽  
Weiping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Building Blocks

This review introduces trigonal building blocks and summarizes their structural characteristics, self-assembly ability and biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Model for the growth of the world airline network

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1650141 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Verma ◽  
N. A. M. Araújo ◽  
J. Nagler ◽  
J. S. Andrade ◽  
H. J. Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Function ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Transport Networks ◽  
Model Network ◽  
The World ◽  
Airline Networks ◽  
Airline Network ◽  
The Difference

We propose a probabilistic growth model for transport networks which employs a balance between popularity of nodes and the physical distance between nodes. By comparing the degree of each node in the model network and the World Airline Network (WAN), we observe that the difference between the two is minimized for [Formula: see text]. Interestingly, this is the value obtained for the node–node correlation function in the WAN. This suggests that our model explains quite well the growth of airline networks.

scholarly journals Engineering site-selective incorporation of fluorine into natural product analogs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasilada Sirirungruang ◽  
Omer Ad ◽  
Thomas M Privalsky ◽  
Swetha Ramesh ◽  
Joel L Sax ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Product ◽  
Polyketide Synthase ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Cell Uptake ◽  
Design Element ◽  
Selective Incorporation ◽  
Main Determinants

While bioactive compounds are commonly derived both by human design as well as from living organisms, man-made and natural products typically display very different structural characteristics. As such, a longstanding goal in the discovery of new molecular function is to develop approaches to incorporate the advantageous elements of both groups of molecules, thereby expanding the molecular space accessible for this purpose. In this work, we report the engineering a fluorine-selective enzyme that can complement mutated acyltransferase (AT) domains of a modular polyketide synthase, which are the main determinants of the identity and location of substituents on polyketides, to produce different fluorinated regioisomers of the erythromycin precursor in vitro. We further show that by engineering cell uptake of fluorinated building blocks, we can control fluorine selectivity in vivo to produce selectively fluorinated polyketides using engineered E. coli. These results demonstrate that it is possible to introduce fluorine, a key synthetic design element for drug development, selectively into the scaffold of a complex natural product and produce these analogs by microbial fermentation.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA TOWARDS ECONOMIC PROBLEMS ON ECONOMIC SUBJECTS FOR SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS X STUDENTS AT DARMA YUDHA HIGH SCHOOL

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Sahala Freddy Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Interactive Multimedia ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Descriptive Method

This research aims to produce interactive multimedia using Lectora inspire in learning economic using the 4D development model. This work employed a qualitative descriptive method. Interactive multimedia was produced through three stages: definition, design, and development. This research was limited to the development stage. Definition stage comprised the preliminary analysis, curriculum analysis, material analysis, characteristic analysis, and formulation. Meanwhile, the design stage included pre-production from flowchart and storyboard making, media production to final activities: mixing, editing, and finalization. The development stage encompassed the following: (1) Expert appraisal, which was expert validation and revision with a result of very appropriate based on validation of media expert, material expert and language expert, and (2) Developmental testing, consisting of a small-scale tryout with a score of 81.98% (very appropriate). Our proposed system was very appropriate, according to the result of validation by an expert in a small-scale try-out; thus it can be used in economic learning at SMA Darma Yudha.

Niche Networks for New Entrants

1997 ◽  
Vol 1567 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiaan Hogendorn
Keyword(s):  
Shape Index ◽  
Shape Indices ◽  
Airline Networks ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Airline Network ◽  
New Entrants ◽  
Major Airlines ◽  
Returns To Scope

How new entrant carriers may use returns to airline networks in competition is discussed. In addition to overall returns to scope and density, there are more localized returns that are based on network shape. A network shape index, which is a measure of airline network concentration based on the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, is described. Airlines have chosen many different shapes as measured by the network shape index, and new entrants tend to be shaped differently from major airlines. A model of new entrant profitability relative to the major airlines is developed. New entrants whose network shape indices are substantially different from the major airlines have niche networks, and the model indicates that niche networks are associated with higher profitability.

Government profiles as perceived by governments’ NPO partners in Chinese social service delivery

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
YANWEI LI ◽  
XIANLIN NI ◽  
HAN WEI
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Social Service ◽  
Q Methodology ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Social Service Delivery ◽  
Non Profit Organizations ◽  
The Government

Abstract Social services in China nowadays are increasingly coproduced by both government and non-profit organizations (NPOs). However, we still know little about how NPOs perceive their government partners in social service delivery. Using a Q methodology, this study remedies this gap and identifies three profiles – namely, government as a distant facilitator, government as a hands-off collaborator, and government as a prudent principal. Also, it has been found that two conditions – namely, NPOs’ development stage and funding resources – influence their perceptions on government in social service delivery. These three profiles provide new insights into NPOs’ perceptions of their government partners in social service delivery, and they add new building blocks to existing literature, specifically on the government–NPO relationship in China.

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