scholarly journals Research on the Efficiency of Local Government Health Expenditure in China and Its Spatial Spillover Effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengying Wang ◽  
Chunhai Tao
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Local Region ◽  
Spatial Spillover ◽  
Government Health ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Government Health Expenditure ◽  
Spatial Spillover Effect

The efficiency of the local government health expenditure (GHE) in China determines the level of public health services. However, the local government does not pay much attention to that efficiency, though the scale of local GHE is increasing. In this paper, first, we use the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to measure the static overall efficiency of the local government health expenditure (GHE) in each region of China from 2007 to 2016. Then, based on the spatial statistical theory, global and local spatial Moran’s I value is utilized to investigate its spatial correlation and spatial agglomeration phenomenon. Finally, the spatial spillover effect (SSE) of the static overall efficiency of local GHE in each region is measured by constructing a spatial Durbin model (SDM). It is demonstrated that there are significant differences in the efficiency of the local GHE between different regions of China. In addition, it is shown that Moran’s I value of the static overall efficiency of the local GHE from 2007 to 2016 is positive. It passed the test of the 5% significance level, indicating that there is a positive spatial correlation between the efficiency of the local GHE and a spatial spillover effect. On the other hand, the decomposition of the SDM reveals that the proportion of GHE to financial expenditure, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and population density have a positive effect on the efficiency of the local GHE. Hence, their growth will improve the GHE efficiency in the local region and neighboring regions. In contrast, the proportion of urban population, illiteracy, and fiscal decentralization have a negative effect. Thus, their growth will decrease the GHE efficiency in the local region and neighboring regions. The results are discussed and suggestions are given based on the analysis in this paper. The main contribution of this work is to consider the spatial spillover effect in terms with realistic meaning. The results obtained can be used as a reference for optimizing the structure and improving the efficiency of government health inputs. It breaks the government’s GDP-only theory-based assessment system and helps to improve it by assessing the GHE efficiency.

scholarly journals Research on Spatial Correlation Characteristics and Their Spatial Spillover Effect of Local Government Debt Risks in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2687
Author(s):  
Xing Li ◽  
Xiangyu Ge ◽  
Wei Fan ◽  
Hao Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
Debt Management ◽  
Spatial Spillover ◽  
Division Of Powers ◽  
Spatial Spillover Effect

Scholars have proposed a series of methods, such as “sustainability of local government debt”, to measure local government debt risks. However, these methods have caused a lot of controversy. Based on a macro balance sheet, this study uses an improved “distance to distress” to measure China’s local government debt risks and applies a social network model to identify the spatial correlation characteristics, as well as the spillover effect. The results are as follows: (1) The data show multiple and heterogeneous spatial correlations for China’s local government debt risks; (2) there are some similarities between the subgroups and seven major geographic regions in China. The links among subgroups are randomly distributed and external; (3) the data manifest a “small world”, with a decreasing transitivity since 2014; (4) between these two significant factors, the positive impact of local government competition is more obvious than the division of powers and responsibilities; and (5) the spatial spillover effect of China’s local government debt risks results from the combination of local government competition, the division of powers and responsibilities, and local government intervention. This paper provides a scientific basis for obtaining a deeper understanding of China’s local government debt risks, and puts forward policy recommendations to strengthen China’s debt management.

scholarly journals Direct Rebound Effect for Electricity Consumption of Urban Residents in China Based on the Spatial Spillover Effect

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Han ◽  
Jianhua Shi ◽  
Yuanfan Yang ◽  
Yaxin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Rebound Effect ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Local Region ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Spatial Spillover ◽  
Direct Rebound Effect ◽  
Spatial Spillover Effect

Based on methods of price decomposition and spatial econometrics, this paper improves the model for calculating the direct energy rebound effect employing the panel data of China’s urban residents’ electricity consumption for an empirical analysis. Results show that the global spatial correlation of urban residents’ electricity consumption has a significant positive value. The direct rebound effect and its spillover effects are 37% and 13%, respectively. Due to the spatial spillover effects, the realization of energy-saving targets in the local region depends on the implementation effect of energy efficiency policies in the surrounding areas. However, the spatial spillover effect is low, and the direct rebound effect induced by the local region is still the dominant factor affecting the implementation of energy efficiency. The direct rebound effect for urban residents’ electricity consumption eliminating the spatial spillover effect does not show a significant downward trend. The main reason is that the rapid urbanization process at the current stage has caused a rigid residents’ electricity demand and large-scale marginal consumer groups, which offsets the inhibition effect of income growth on the direct rebound effect.

scholarly journals Spatial Spillover Effects of Air Pollution on the Health Expenditure of Rural Residents: Based on Spatial Durbin Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7058
Author(s):  
Bo Sun ◽  
Bo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Spatial Durbin Model ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Spatial Spillover ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spatial Spillover Effect

Background: Air pollution is one source of harm to the health of residents, and the impact of air pollution on health expenditure has become a hot topic worldwide. However, few studies aim at the spatial spillover effects of air pollution on the health expenditure of rural residents (HE-RR), including the impact on the health expenditure in neighboring areas. Objective: Based on the existing research, this paper further introduces the spatial dimension and uses the Spatial Durbin model to discuss the impact of environmental pollution on the health expenditure of rural residents (HE-RR). Methods: Based on provincial panel data during 2002–2015 in China, the Spatial Durbin model was used to investigate the spatial spillover effect of the average annual concentration of PM2.5 (AAC-PM2.5) on the health expenditure of rural residents (HE-RR). Results: There was a significant positive correlation between AAC-PM2.5 and health expenditure of rural residents (HE-RR) in neighboring areas at a significant level of 5% (COEF: 2.546, Z:2.340), that is, AAC-PM2.5 has a spatial spillover effect on PC-HE-RR in neighboring areas, and the spatial spillover effect is greater than the direct effect. The migration and diffusion of PM2.5 pollution will affect the air quality of neighboring areas, leading to the health risk not only from the local PM2.5 pollution but also the nearby PM2.5 pollution. Conclusion: The results show a significant positive relationship between air pollution and HE-RR in neighboring areas, and the spatial spillover effect is greater than the direct effect.

Effects of tourism development on economic growth: An empirical study of China based on both static and dynamic spatial Durbin models

2021 ◽  
pp. 135481662110211
Author(s):  
Honghong Liu ◽  
Ye Xiao ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Dianting Wu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Spatial Spillover ◽  
Domestic Tourism ◽  
Inbound Tourism ◽  
Spatial Spillover Effect

This study applies the dynamic spatial Durbin model (SDM) to explore the direct and spillover effects of tourism development on economic growth from the perspective of domestic and inbound tourism. The results are compared with those from the static SDM. The results support the tourism-led-economic-growth hypothesis in China. Specifically, domestic tourism and inbound tourism play a significant role in stimulating local economic growth. However, the spatial spillover effect is limited to domestic tourism, and the spatial spillover effect of inbound tourism is not significant. Furthermore, the long-term effects are much greater than the short-term impact for both domestic and inbound tourism. Plausible explanations of these results are provided and policy implications are drawn.

scholarly journals Spatial Spillover Effect and Influencing Factors of Information Flow in Urban Agglomerations—Case Study of China Based on Baidu Search Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8032
Author(s):  
Chengzhuo Wu ◽  
Li Zhuo ◽  
Zhuo Chen ◽  
Haiyan Tao
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Coordinated Development ◽  
Spatial Spillover ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Search Index ◽  
Spatial Spillover Effect

Cities in an urban agglomeration closely interact with each other through various flows. Information flow, as one of the important forms of urban interactions, is now increasingly indispensable with the fast development of informatics technology. Thanks to its timely, convenient, and spatially unconstrained transmission ability, information flow has obvious spillover effects, which may strengthen urban interaction and further promote urban coordinated development. Therefore, it is crucial to quantify the spatial spillover effect and influencing factors of information flows, especially at the urban agglomeration scale. However, the academic research on this topic is insufficient. We, therefore, developed a spatial interaction model of information flow (SIM-IF) based on the Baidu Search Index and used it to analyze the spillover effects and influencing factors of information flow in the three major urban agglomerations in China, namely Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH), the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in the period of 2014–2019. The results showed that the SIM-IF performed well in all three agglomerations. Quantitative analysis indicated that the BTH had the strongest spillover effect of information flow, followed by the YRD and the PRD. It was also found that the hierarchy of cities had the greatest impact on the spillover effects of information flow. This study may provide scientific basis for the information flow construction in urban agglomerations and benefit the coordinated development of cities.

scholarly journals How West African countries prioritize health

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi ◽  
Aishat Alaran ◽  
Abubakar Badmos ◽  
Adeola Oluwaseyi Bamisaiye ◽  
Nzeribe Emmanuella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
West African ◽  
Priority Index ◽  
Government Health ◽  
Health Priority ◽  
General Government ◽  
Government Health Expenditure ◽  
Average Health

Abstract Background The goal of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) is to ensure that everyone is able to obtain the health services they need without suffering financial hardship. UHC remains a mirage if government health expenditure is not improved. Health priority refers to general government health expenditure as a percentage of general government expenditure. It indicates the priority of the government to spend on healthcare from its domestic public resources. Our study aimed to assess health priorities in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) using the health priority index from the WHO’s Global Health Expenditure Database. Method We extracted and analysed data on health priority in the WHO’s Global Health Expenditure Database across the 15 members of the ECOWAS (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cote d'Ivoire, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo) from 2010 to 2018 to assess how these countries prioritize health. The data are presented using descriptive statistics. Results Our findings revealed that no West African country beats the cutoff of a minimum of 15% health priority index. Ghana (8.43%), Carbo Verde (8.29%), and Burkina Faso (7.60%) were the top three countries with the highest average health priority index, while Guinea (3.05%), Liberia (3.46%), and Guinea-Bissau (3.56%) had the lowest average health priority in the West African region within the period of our analysis (2010 to 2018). Conclusion Our study reiterates the need for West African governments and other relevant stakeholders to prioritize health in their political agenda towards achieving UHC.

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