scholarly journals Toxic Income as a Trigger of Climate Change

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2448
Author(s):  
Fander Falconí ◽  
Rafael Burbano ◽  
Jesus Ramos-Martin ◽  
Pedro Cango
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Temperature Limit ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Permissible Levels ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intervention Scenario

The rate of CO2 emissions concentration in the atmosphere increases the likelihood of significant impacts on humankind and ecosystems. The assumption that permissible levels of greenhouse gas emissions cannot exceed the global average temperature increase of 2 °C in relation to pre-industrial levels remains uncertain. Despite this uncertainty, the direct implication is that enormous quantities of fossil fuels have, thus far, wrongly been counted as assets by hydrocarbon firms as they cannot be exploited if we want to keep climate under certain control. These are the so-called “toxic assets”. Due to the relationship among CO2 emissions, GDP, energy consumption, and energy efficiency, the concept of toxic assets can be transferred to toxic income, which is the income level that would generate levels of CO2 emissions incompatible with keeping climate change under control. This research, using a simulation model based on country-based econometric models, estimated a threshold for income per capita above which the temperature limit of 2 °C would be surpassed. Under the business as usual scenario, average per capita income would be $14,208 (in constant 2010 USD) in 2033; and under the intervention scenario, which reflects the commitments of the COP21 meeting held in Paris in December 2015, the toxic revenue would be $13,433 (in constant 2010 USD) in 2036.

scholarly journals Toxic Income as a Trigger of Climate Change

revistapuce ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fander Falconí ◽  
Rafael Burbano ◽  
Pedro Cango ◽  
Jesús Ramos-Martín
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Temperature Limit ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Permissible Levels ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intervention Scenario

The rate of CO2 emissions concentration in the atmosphere increasesthe likelihood of significant impacts on humankind and ecosystems. Theassumption that permissible levels of greenhouse gas emissions cannot exceed the global average temperature increase of 2 ºC in relation to pre-industrial levels remains uncertain. Despite this uncertainty, the direct implication is that enormous quantities of fossil fuels have, thus far, wrongly been counted as assets by hydrocarbon firms as they cannotbe exploited if we want to keep climate under certain control. These are the socalled “toxic assets”. Due to the relationship among CO2 emissions, GDP, energy consumption, and energy efficiency, the concept of toxic assets can be transferred to toxic income, which is the income level that would generate levels of CO2 emissions incompatible with keeping climate change under control. This research, using a simulation model based on country-based econometric models, estimated a threshold for income per capita above which the temperature limit of 2 ºC would be surpassed. Under the business as usual scenario, average per capita income would be $14,208 (in constant 2010 USD) in 2033; and underthe intervention scenario, which reflects the commitments of the COP21 meeting held in Paris in December 2015, the toxic revenue would be $13,433 (in constant 2010 USD) in 2036.

The Relationship between Energy Consumption and Climate Change in Shanghai

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 2388-2393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Wang ◽  
Mahjoub Elnimeiri
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Annual Average Temperature ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy

The phenomenon of climate change is becoming a global problem. One of the most important reasons of climate change is the increase in CO2 levels due to emissions from fossil fuel energy use in daily human activities. This research will use the data of the annual average temperature and energy consumption in the past 41 years of Shanghai, the largest city in China, to establish the statistical relationship between climate change and energy consumption. It is found that there is a strong positive relationship between climate change and energy consumption in Shanghai. The phenomenon of climate change could be controlled by reducing excessive energy consumption in people’s daily life. Furthermore, this paper will also discuss the reason of such relationship, and provide suggesstions of saving energy and protecting our environment.

scholarly journals Energy Security and Scenario Analysis of Province No. 1 of Federal Republic Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 163-173
Author(s):  
Sujan Dulal ◽  
Shree Raj Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Electrical Systems ◽  
Security Indicators ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
Intervention Scenario

This paper presents the current energy security status of the province No.1 of Nepal using numerous indicators. In addition to that, with the development of six economic growth scenarios i.e. Business As Usual (BAU), Low growth (LOW), High growth (HIG), Accelerated growth (ACC), Normal growth (NOR) and Intervention scenario (INT), the future energy mix and energy security indicators for the year 2040 are also calculated. The paper also gives an overview of the variation/progress of the different indicators during the considered period of study. The study shows that the, energy intensity in the intervention scenario is brought down to 4.44 GJ/$1000 compared to that of 15 GJ/$1000. Also, the electricity consumption per capita is increased to 574 kWh from 116 in the base year. However, these values are only achieved if the provincial government helps implementing central government's plan of promoting the electrical systems instead of traditional fuel woods and fossil fuels system.

Wealth Inequality and Carbon Emissions in High-income Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 403-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle W. Knight ◽  
Juliet B. Schor ◽  
Andrew K. Jorgenson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
High Income ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Longitudinal Models ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

This study contributes to the emerging literature on connections between climate change and economic inequality by investigating the relationship between domestic wealth inequality and consumption-based carbon emissions for 26 high-income countries from 2000 to 2010. Results of the two-way fixed effects longitudinal models indicate that the effect of wealth inequality, measured as the wealth share of the top decile, on per capita emissions in high-income countries is consistently positive and relatively stable over the time period. This finding is consistent with political economy theories arguing that the concentration of political and economic power that accompanies the concentration of wealth plays an important role in increasing environmental degradation and preventing proenvironmental actions.

scholarly journals Energy transition in Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Mitrova ◽  
Yuriy Melnikov
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Business As Usual

Abstract This article provides an overview of Russian energy policy in the context of the global energy transition. Russia, ranking fourth in the world in primary energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, adheres to the strategy of “business as usual” and relies on fossil fuels. Decarbonization of the energy sector is not yet on the horizon: a skeptical attitude towards the problem of global climate change prevails among stakeholders. GDP energy intensity remains high, supported by relatively low energy prices and high cost of capital. The share of solar and wind energy in the energy balance is insignificant and is not expected to exceed 1% by 2040. The challenge for Russia in the coming years is to develop a new strategy for the development of its energy sector, which enters a zone of high turbulence—even in the absence of the influence of the climate change agenda—due to increasing global competition, growing technological isolation, and financial constraints.

Introduction: Reinhabiting the Earth

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
David Wood
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Life Patterns ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Common ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
The Relationship

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the relationship between habit and climate change. It would be hard to overestimate the role of habit in people's lives. At one level, this is all well and good. There are, of course, bad habits, which people try to kick, but people's daily life would collapse without the scaffolding of habit. Still, when one contemplates climate change and the catastrophic future it presages, it is hard not to conclude that “business as usual” simply cannot continue for long. “Business as usual” means the common cloth of people's Western daily lives, their normal practices, in large part consisting of habits—personal, collective, economic, and intellectual. Forms of life, patterns of dwelling, other than the current consumerist model are undoubtedly possible. But whether people can get there from here voluntarily is another matter. If reinhabiting the earth means changing some of people's deep habits, habits reflecting historical sedimentations and congealings, then unearthing the forces in play, seeing how they operate and what is at stake in reconfiguring them, is a historical task to which philosophy can at least contribute. Economists are also central to imagining other economic orders, such as that of degrowth.

Does Fiscal Policy Influence Per Capita CO2 Emission?

2016 ◽  
pp. 568-592
Author(s):  
Sacchidananda Mukherjee ◽  
Debashis Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Government Subsidy ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Cross Country

Encouraging economic activities is a major motivation for countries to disburse subsidies, but such transfers may also lead to sustainability and climate change related concerns. Through a cross-country empirical analysis involving 131 countries over 1990-2010, the present analysis observes that higher proportional devolution of budgetary subsidies lead to higher CO2 emissions. The results demonstrate that structure of economy is a crucial determinant for per capita CO2 emission, as countries having higher share in agriculture and services in GDP are characterized by lower per capita CO2 emission and vice versa. The empirical findings also underline the importance of the type of government subsidy devolution on CO2 emissions. Countries having high tax-GDP ratio are marked by lower per capita CO2 emission, implying that government budgetary subsidy is detrimental for environment whereas tax is conducive for sustainability. The analysis underlines the importance of limiting devolution of subsidies both in developed and developing countries.

scholarly journals Reduction of CO2 Emissions Due to Energy Use in Crete-Greece

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Vourdoubas
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Heating Oil ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Negative Growth

Use of fossil fuels in modern societies results in CO2 emissions which, together with other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, increase environmental degradation and climate changes. Carbon dioxide emissions in a society are strongly related with energy consumption and economic growth, being influenced also from energy intensity, population growth, crude oil and CO2 prices as well as the composition of energy mix and the percentage of renewable energies in it.The last years in Greece, the severe economic crisis has affected all sectors of the economy, has reduced the available income of the citizens and has changed the consumers’ behavior including the consumption of energy in all the activities. Analysis of the available data in the region of Crete over the period 2007-2013 has shown a significant decrease of energy consumption and CO2 emissions due to energy use by 25.90% compared with the reduction of national G.D.P. per capita over the same period by 25.45% indicating the coupling of those emissions with the negative growth of the economy. Carbon dioxide emissions per capita in Crete in 2013 are estimated at 4.96 tons. Main contributors of those emissions in the same year were electricity generation from fuel and heating oil by 64.85%, heating sector by 3.23% and transportation by 31.92%.

scholarly journals The importance of CO2 capture and storage: A geopolitical discussion

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Johnsson ◽  
Jan Kjärstad ◽  
Mikael Odenberger
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Security Of Supply ◽  
Co2 Capture And Storage ◽  
And Storage

The CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technology is since more than ten years considered one of the key options for the future climate change mitigation. This paper discusses the implications for the further development of CCS, particularly with respect to climate change policy in an international geopolitics context. The rationale for developing CCS should be the over-abundance of fossil fuel reserves (and resources) in a climate change context. From a geopolitical point, it can be argued that the most important outcome from the successful commercialisation of CCS will be that fossil fuel-dependent economies with large fossil fuel resources will find it easier to comply with stringent greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets (i.e. to attach a price to CO2 emissions). This should be of great importance since, from a geopolitical view, the curbing on GHG emissions cannot be isolated from security of supply and economic competition between regions. Thus, successful application of CCS may moderate geopolitical risks related to regional differences in the possibilities and thereby willingness to comply with large emission cuts. In Europe, application of CCS will enhance security of supply by fuel diversification from continued use of coal, especially domestic lignite. Introduction of CCS will also make possible negative emissions when using biomass as a fuel, i.e. in so called Biomass Energy CCS (BECCS). Yet, the development of BECCS relies on the successful development of fossil fuelled CCS since BECCS in itself is unlikely to be sufficient for establishing a cost efficient CCS infrastructure for transport and storage and because BECCS does not solve the problem with the abundant resources of fossil fuels. Results from research and development of capture, transport and storage of CO2 indicate that the barriers for commercialization of CCS should not be technical. Instead, the main barriers for implementation of CCS seem to be how to reach public acceptance, to reduce cost and to establish a high enough price on CO2 emissions. Failure to implement CCS will require that the global community, including Europe, agrees to almost immediately to start phasing out the use of fossil fuels, an agreement which seems rather unlikely, especially considering the abundant coal reserves in developing economies such as China and India.

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