scholarly journals The Influence of Alkalization and Temperature on Ammonia Recovery from Cow Manure and the Chemical Properties of the Effluents

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mohammed-Nour ◽  
Mohamed Al-Sewailem ◽  
Ahmed H. El-Naggar
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ammonia Recovery ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Total Potassium

Manure is a substantial source of ammonia volatilization into the atmosphere before and after soil application. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of temperature and alkalization treatments on the release of ammonia and ammonia recovery (AR) from cow manure and to characterize the chemical properties of the resultant effluents. In a closed glass reactor, 100 g of fresh cow manure was mixed with 100 mL of deionized water and the mixture was treated with various volume of KOH to increase the manure pH to 7, 9, and 12. Ammonia was distilled from the mixture at temperatures of 75, 85, 95, and 100 °C for a maximum of 5 h. Ammonia was received as diluted boric and sulfuric acids. Results indicated that the highest ammonia recovery was 86.3% and 90.2%, which were achieved at a pH of 12 and temperatures of 100 and 95 °C, respectively. The recovered ammonia in boric acid was higher than in sulfuric acid, except at a pH of 12 and temperatures of 95 and 100 °C. The effluents, after ammonia was removed, showed that the variation in pH ranged between 6.30 and 9.38. The electrical conductivity ranged between 4.5 and 9. (dS m−1) and total potassium ranged between 9.4 and 57.2 mg kg−1.

The neutron irradiation effects on the temperature dependencies of the electrical conductivity of nanosilicon particles

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (28) ◽  
pp. 1750257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elchin Huseynov ◽  
Aydan Garibli
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Neutron Flux ◽  
Neutron Irradiation ◽  
Silicon Nanoparticles ◽  
Activation Energies ◽  
Radiation Defects ◽  
Irradiation Effects ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The effects of temperature and neutron irradiation on the silicon nanoparticles have been studied at different frequencies. It has been defined that additional electro-active radiation defects occur in the silicon nanomaterial after neutron irradiation. Therefore, the change of neutron flux at the interval of [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] increases the conductivity of nanosilicon. Activation energies of the silicon nanoparticles were calculated for 10 different constant frequencies according to Arrhenius approach before and after neutron irradiation. The mechanism of electrical conductivity which explains results has been established.

Effect of produced water on indicators of drilling muds

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
T.M. Kerimov ◽  
◽  
Kh.M. Islamov ◽  
N.M. Aliyev ◽  
R.M. Zeynalov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Polymeric Reagents ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Produced Waters ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Drilling Muds

The article deals with the problems associated with the ""invasion"" of produced water into the composition of drilling muds in the process of drilling wells in anomalous conditions. It is marked that various types of complications, particularly, debris and collapses, emersion and adsorption cause very serious problems in the well construction, for the elimination of which large investments are required. For example, drilling mud influenced by produced water was used in some fields of the Republic. The electrical conductivity parameter was estimated based on the carried out research. This indicator allows evaluating the physical-chemical properties of the drilling mud before and after the treatment with formation fluid. It should be noted that the good electrical conductivity of the drilling mud is also significant for geophysical surveys. In order to preserve required properties of the drilling mud under conditions of ingress into the composition of the produced waters, the treatment of the drilling mud with salt-resistant polymeric reagents is recommended.

scholarly journals Impact of Flood 2010 on the Fertility Status of Soil of Tehsil Garhi Khairo, District Jacobabad, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Adnan Murad Bhayo ◽  
Muhammad Latif ◽  
Javed Ali Babar ◽  
Allah Wadhayo Gandahi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Before And After

A field study was carried out to assess some measurable changes in chemical properties of the soil of taluka Garhi Khero, district Jacobabad that was affected by ‘Supra flood 2011’. Forty-five composite soil samples were collected from three sampling depths, 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, and 30-45 cm for the determination of various chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, soluble sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca+2), and magnesium (Mg+2). Results of the analysis were compared with the reference data that were studied before the flood. Results of the analysis revealed that due to flood, chemical nature of soil was changed from slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline. Before and after flood soil remains non-saline. There has been a significant increase in the optimum concentration of soluble sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca+2) and magnesium (Mg+2). However; potassium (K+) content of the soil was uniformly decreased. Keywords: Flood, soil, agriculture, crops, Jacobabad.

scholarly journals ALGAE AS BIOINDICATORFOR POLLUTION OF TIGRIS RIVER BY INDUSTRIAL WASTE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Zahraa Zahraw ◽  
Abdul-Hameed Al-Obaidy ◽  
Eman Shakir ◽  
Shaymaa Hamdy
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Very High ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This study has been conducted during 2016, the samples were collected from discharge of General Company for Vegetable Oil Industry before and after treatment in Baghdad city. Some parameters were measured such as: Temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity, Dissolve Oxygen and Phosphate, all reading before treatment are very high but the readings degreased rapidly after treatment. In contrast, oxygen concentration before treatment was low and elevated after treatment so much until reaches to the optimal condition for all biological and chemical properties. In this study 37 species of algal were recorded. The dominant group by the large number of species was Bacillarariophyce (24 species) followed by Cyanophycea (6species), Chlorophayce (5 species), Euglenophyceae (1species). This study shows that species recorded in the this studyeventually will stilted in Tigris river as a result of the discharge processing of this facility, therefore, some species can be found in Tigris river basin come from General Company for Vegetable Oil Industry.

Effect of Cu doping on the electrical Properties of ZnTe by Vacuum Thermal Evaporation

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Sarmad M. M. Ali ◽  
Alia A.A. Shehab ◽  
Samir A. Maki
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Hall Effect ◽  
Carrier Concentration ◽  
Hall Mobility ◽  
Cu Doping ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hall Effect Measurements ◽  
Evaporation Technique ◽  
P Type

In this study, the ZnTe thin films were deposited on a glass substrate at a thickness of 400nm using vacuum evaporation technique (2×10-5mbar) at RT. Electrical conductivity and Hall effect measurements have been investigated as a function of variation of the doping ratios (3,5,7%) of the Cu element on the thin ZnTe films. The temperature range of (25-200°C) is to record the electrical conductivity values. The results of the films have two types of transport mechanisms of free carriers with two values of activation energy (Ea1, Ea2), expect 3% Cu. The activation energy (Ea1) increased from 29meV to 157meV before and after doping (Cu at 5%) respectively. The results of Hall effect measurements of ZnTe , ZnTe:Cu films show that all films were (p-type), the carrier concentration (1.1×1020 m-3) , Hall mobility (0.464m2/V.s) for pure ZnTe film, increases the carrier concentration (6.3×1021m-3) Hall mobility (2m2/V.s) for doping (Cu at 3%) film, but  decreases by increasing Cu concentration.

Identification of Amber and the Copal under Heat Pressurized Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 2112-2115
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Qin Ren
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
Exothermic Peak ◽  
Endothermic Peak ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Natural Resin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Artificial Heat ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Amber and copal belong to the natural resin, which are similar and transitional in the physical and chemical properties. The artificial heat-pressurized treatment is contributed to the polymerization of the natural copal, and turns into green, yellow-green and deep orange-yellow copal. It is very difficult to identify amber from the heat- pressurized treatment copal only based on the gemological parameters.The thermal behavior of amber and the copal before and after heat-pressurized treatment were analyzed by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR). The results show that amber exists an evident endothermic peak around 123~132°C, and copal reveals an obvious endothermic peak at about 174~178°C, and the heat pressurized treatment copal occurs a clear exothermic peak around 150~152°C. The differences between endothermic or exothermic transition and peak position reveal occurring thermal oxidation or the bond breaking or the melting, which are of great significance in the identification.

Study dearomatization of diesel fuel under the infulence of magnetic field by IR spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150122
Author(s):  
B. G. Abdulov ◽  
A. A. Hasanov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Diesel Fraction ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Purification Process ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

The purification process of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was carried out by extraction of diesel fraction from the primary oil refining using the effect of magnetic field. A mixture of N-methylpyrrolidone with sulfuric acid was used as an extractant. The content of aromatic hydrocarbons in the diesel fraction decreased by 39.8% under normal conditions and by 50.8% under the influence of magnetic field after extraction. The samples were investigated by infrared (IR) spectroscopy method before and after extraction. Vibartional modes corresponding to different atomic bonds have been observed. Deodorization of diesel was determined by interpreting obtained modes.

scholarly journals Investigation of the relationship between landform classes and electrical conductivity (EC) of water and soil using a fuzzy model in a GIS environment

Solid Earth ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 873-880
Author(s):  
Marzieh Mokarram ◽  
Dinesh Sathyamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Fuzzy Method ◽  
The North ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High ◽  
Soil And Water

Abstract. Soil genesis is highly dependent on landforms as they control the erosional processes and the soil physical and chemical properties. The relationship between landform classification and electrical conductivity (EC) of soil and water in the northern part of Meharloo watershed, Fars province, Iran, was investigated using a combination of a geographical information system (GIS) and a fuzzy model. The results of the fuzzy method for water EC showed 36.6 % of the land to be moderately land suitable for agriculture; high, 31.69 %; and very high, 31.65 %. In comparison, the results of the fuzzy method for soil EC showed 24.31 % of the land to be as not suitable for agriculture (low class); moderate, 11.78 %; high, 25.74 %; and very high, 38.16 %. In total, the land suitable for agriculture with low EC is located in the north and northeast of the study area. The relationship between landform and EC shows that EC of water is high for the valley classes, while the EC of soil is high in the upland drainage class. In addition, the lowest EC levels for soil and water are in the plains class.

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