scholarly journals Local Economic Impact of Wind Energy Development: Analysis of the Regulatory Framework, Taxation, and Income for Galician Municipalities

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damián Copena ◽  
David Pérez-Neira ◽  
Xavier Simón
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Rural Municipalities

Wind energy has rapidly developed in the last decades, generating economic impacts at different territorial scales and contributing to rural development. However, few research works have analysed its economic impact at a local scale, especially in rural areas. Galicia is a Spanish region in which 3300 MW of wind energy have been installed in rural municipalities with low levels of socioeconomic activity and important socio-environmental problems. In this sense, the objective of this work is to analyse the local revenues directly derived from wind power activity in relation to changes in the regulatory framework (1995–2017), as well as to quantify those revenues for the year 2017. For this purpose, information has been systematically collected from secondary sources and complemented with 10 years of field and monitoring work on site at the wind farms. This article reveals the relationship between the regulatory framework and the main sources of income associated with wind power generation (conventional and specific taxes, municipal ownership, and other revenues). In 2017, these revenues amounted to 17.8 million euros. This work discusses how the public policies implemented during the analysed time period limited the direct economic impacts of the installation of wind farms on Galician rural municipalities, and consequently hindered rural development.

scholarly journals Landscape Assessment and Economic Accounting in Wind Farm Programming: Two Cases in Sicily

Land ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Giuffrida ◽  
Filippo Gagliano ◽  
Francesco Nocera ◽  
Maria Trovato
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Wind Power Generation ◽  
Landscape Assessment ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Scientific Interest

In recent years, the scientific interest for the economic and landscape impact of wind farms has increased. This paper presents a useful GIS tool that allows for helping policymakers and investors to identify promising areas for wind power generation as well as landscape impact and financial and economic sustainability of wind farms. The results of the research carried out for exploring the potential for wind energy in two territorial contexts of Sicily region are presented with the particular look at the possibilities of economic developing, stakeholders’ opportunities and obstacles in the policy, legal, and regulatory framework.

Assessment of wind energy potential and characteristics in Qatar for clean electricity generation

2021 ◽  
pp. 0309524X2110438
Author(s):  
Carlos Méndez ◽  
Yusuf Bicer
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Wind Rose ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Wind Power Density ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Wind Energy Potential

The present study analyzes the wind energy potential of Qatar, by generating a wind atlas and a Wind Power Density map for the entire country based on ERA-5 data with over 41 years of measurements. Moreover, the wind speeds’ frequency and direction are analyzed using wind recurrence, Weibull, and wind rose plots. Furthermore, the best location to install a wind farm is selected. The results indicate that, at 100 m height, the mean wind speed fluctuates between 5.6054 and 6.5257 m/s. Similarly, the Wind Power Density results reflect values between 149.46 and 335.06 W/m2. Furthermore, a wind farm located in the selected location can generate about 59.7437, 90.4414, and 113.5075 GWh/y electricity by employing Gamesa G97/2000, GE Energy 2.75-120, and Senvion 3.4M140 wind turbines, respectively. Also, these wind farms can save approximately 22,110.80, 17,617.63, and 11,637.84 tons of CO2 emissions annually.

Out-migration in Uttarakhand Himalaya: its types, reasons, and consequences

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-295
Author(s):  
Vishwambhar Prasad Sati
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The State ◽  
Interim Report ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Uttarakhand Himalaya

This study examines the types, reasons, and consequences of out-migration in the Uttarakhand Himalaya. Data were collected from secondary sources, mainly from an interim report on the status of migration in revenue villages of Uttarakhand, published by the ‘Rural Development and Migration Commission, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand’ in 2018. The district-wise analysis was carried out on the types of migration, reasons for migration, age-wise migration, the destination of migrants, and migration’s consequences in terms of depopulation in rural areas. Further, a case study of a village was carried out. The study reveals that in three districts – Pauri, Tehri, and Almora, more than 10% population out-migrated after 2011. Similarly, an exodus migration took place from more than 10% of villages of the same districts. This study further shows that migration is mainly internal – from the mountainous districts to urban centers, within the districts or within the state. About 734 villages are depopulated, and in 367 villages, the population has decreased by more than 50%. Unemployment is the major problem in rural areas as more than 50% of out-migration occurred for employment. 

scholarly journals Impact of key factors on expected development of onshore wind energy sector in Poland and development scenarios

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 01017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Wielewska ◽  
Karol Tucki ◽  
Anna Bączyk ◽  
Magda Trzaska
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
National Level ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Power Market ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Onshore Wind ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
Current State

The aim of the paper was to analyse the wind power market in Poland by reviewing the factors that shape and influence its current state and the possible development prospects. The paper was focused on legislative, environmental, manufacturing, sociocultural and economic factors. Barriers to the development of onshore wind power market and the expected development of wind energy in Poland in the years 2017-2020 were identified and measured based on a survey. The review of individual factors and the study performed present that legislative barriers and the introduction of the ‘distance act’ are factors with the biggest influence on the current stagnation of onshore wind energy sector. A review of the recommendations concerning the distance (from protected areas and housing) required to build wind farms set forth in literature shows that Poland is the only country with such harsh restrictions. With its good environmental conditions and technical capacities, Poland can become a European leader in the production of energy from wind. The only barrier is the legislative environment and political instability on the national level. Without improvements in this sector, there is no chance for new wind projects, as these factors are crucial for development of this type of energy.

scholarly journals The identification and solution of problem areas of the rural municipalities development with regard to the civic and technological equipment

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 511-518
Author(s):  
M. Vosejpková
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Rural Municipalities ◽  
Constant Support

The development of rural areas is solved by the regional policy from a great part. Since every country implicating and applying this support system is identified by its geographical and political specifics, many problems rise also in the Czech Republic and they complicate the implementation of the regional policy principles in the final result. The possibility of improving this situation is given through identification of the relevant problems and the realization suggested actions. The problem areas in rural municipalities development requiring solution are as follows: poor transport services, non-existing cooperation inside the transport and mutual losses compensation, poor technical equipment of municipalities, securing a constant support of rural development, establishing functioning ties to the community center areas in the micro- regions, establishment of foundations, decomposition of rural development aims, public administration. Respecting of the proposed solution areas in municipalities would help to decrease regional disparities in rural areas.

scholarly journals Towards a sustainable 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar: Evaluation of wind energy potential for three football stadiums

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1893-1913
Author(s):  
Carlos Méndez ◽  
Yusuf Bicer
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Wind Power Density ◽  
Football Stadiums

This study analyzes the feasibility of satisfying the demand of three Football Stadiums for the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar, using the wind’s kinetic energy. For all three selected locations (Lusail, Al Rayyan, and Al Wakrah), the wind potentiality is calculated through an environmental parameters study, from which the wind power density is obtained. Furthermore, a commercial wind turbine with proper characteristics is selected, and the same case study for each location is presented, to quantify the capacity that wind energy offers for satisfying the maximum energy demand of each associated stadium. In addition, the environmental benefits and the time required by each wind farm to satisfy the energy demand are computed. The results reveal that the conditions enable the use of wind energy for this purpose, based on a 5.06 m/s, 4.63 m/s, and 5.18 m/s velocity mean for Lusail, Al Rayyan, and Al Wakrah, respectively; from which values of 187.49 W/m2, 150.96 W/m2, and 187.29 W/m2 of wind power density are obtained. Also, the proposed wind farms could produce 69,952.56 MWh/year, 59,550.19 MWh/year, and 75,333.70 MWh/year, respectively. Moreover, the wind farms should produce energy for a period of 5.64 h, 4.41 h, and 5.23 h, to satisfy the maximum demand by a football match in its associated location. Additionally, to avoid the implementation of a storage system, the electricity obtained from the wind is connected to the power grid, decreasing the quota of fossil fuel power plants. In consequence, Qatar will eliminate the emissions of approximately 23.376 tons of CO2 in total per trio of matches held in these stadiums. Finally, a post 2022 FIFA World Cup scenario is analyzed, obtaining a positive outcome from both environmental and economic perspectives, in which an average of 14,675 tons of CO2 and 6.03 Million US$ can be saved annually.

Guidelines for Wind Power and Wildlife in Washington State, USA

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Ling ◽  
Andy Linehan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Washington State ◽  
The State ◽  
Mitigation Option ◽  
Energy Projects ◽  
Wind Energy Development

The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) adopted wind power guidelines in 2002 to promote standardisation of the agency's responses to proposed wind energy projects in Washington State. While the purpose of the guidelines was to create consistency from the agency, some of the recommendations seemed overly stringent and unjustified to the wind industry. Recognising the implications of the guidelines on wind energy development in the State, the Renewable Northwest Project (RNP), along with industry members and their permitting consultants, successfully engaged the agency in a discussion to reach fair and consistent wind power guidelines. The account and methods of negotiation are detailed as an example for abating possible adverse avian and habitat environmental impact of wind farms. The three key areas of negotiation were: pre-permit environmental studies, wildlife and habitat mitigation, and an alternative fee-based mitigation option.

The Application of Wind Speed Numerical Simulation in Wind Power Generation

2013 ◽  
Vol 380-384 ◽  
pp. 3370-3373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yang Liu ◽  
Jun Ji Wu ◽  
Shao Liang Meng
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Wind Gust ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Wake Effect

With the massive development and application of wind energy, wind power is having an increasing proportion in power grid. The changes of the wind speed in a wind farm will lead to fluctuations in the power output which would affect the stable operation of the power grid. Therefore the research of the characteristics of wind speed has become a hot topic in the field of wind energy. In the paper, the wind speed at the wind farm was simulated in a combination of wind speeds by which wind speed was decomposed of four components including basic wind, gust wind, stochastic wind and gradient wind which denote the regularity, the mutability, the gradual change and the randomness of a natural wind respectively. The model is able to reflect the characteristics of a real wind, easy for engineering simulation and can also estimate the wind energy of a wind farm through the wind speed and wake effect model. This paper has directive significance in the estimation of wind resource and the layout of wind turbines in wind farms.

scholarly journals Assessment of wind resources and short-term power prediction in Lithuania

Energetika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giedrius Gecevičius ◽  
Mantas Marčiukaitis ◽  
Antanas Markevičius ◽  
Vladislovas Katinas
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Power Prediction ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Wind Power Prediction ◽  
Wind Energy Potential ◽  
Wind Measurements ◽  
Diurnal Wind

The installed wind power in Lithuania reached 422 MW in 2015, and it was one of the most developing renewable energy sectors in the country. For this reason, it is important to estimate wind energy potential and the tendencies of wind power prediction accuracy. In this work, the results of statistical analysis of wind measurements in a number of locations in Lithuania are presented, which makes the basis for wind energy potential estimation. Wind power prediction errors of different time scales have been analysed, and the influence of seasonal and diurnal wind power variation is pointed out. Also, the  possibilities of connection of new wind farms to the grid are analysed in the paper. Investigation shows that northern and middle regions of Lithuania are the  most favourable for further wind power development with the goal of reaching the total installed power of 840 MW till 2030.

Estimating offshore wind power potentials that account for the kinetic energy removal by wind turbines: the Kinetic Energy Budget of the Atmosphere (KEBA) approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Kleidon ◽  
Lee Miller
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Energy ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Wind Speeds

<p>Offshore wind power is seen as a large renewable energy resource due to the high and continuous wind speeds over the ocean.However, as wind farms expand in scale, wind turbines increasingly remove kinetic energy from the atmospheric flow, reducing wind speeds and expected electricity yields.Here we show that this removal effect of large wind farms and the drop in yields can be estimated in a relatively simple way by considering the kinetic energy budget of the lower atmosphere, which we refer to as the KEBA approach.We first show that KEBA can reproduce the estimated, climatological yields of wind farms of different sizes and locations using previously published numerical model simulations with an explicit wind farm representation.<span>  </span>We then show the relevance of these reductions by evaluating the contribution of offshore wind energy in specific scenarios of Germany’s energy transition in the year 2050.Our estimates suggest that due to reduced wind speeds, mean capacity factors of wind farms are reduced to 33 - 39%, which is notably less than capacity factors above 50% that are commonly assumed in energy scenarios.This reduction is explained by KEBA by the depletion of the horizontal flow of kinetic energy by the wind farms and the low vertical renewal rate, which limits large-scale wind energy potentials to less than 1 W m<sup>-2</sup> of surface area.We conclude that wind speed reductions are likely to play a substantial role in the further expansion of offshore wind energy and need to be considered in the planning process.These reduced yields can be estimated by a comparatively simple approach based on budgeting the kinetic energy of the atmosphere surrounding the wind farms.</p>

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