scholarly journals Contrasting Effects of Tillage and Landscape Structure on Spiders and Springtails in Vineyards

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Pfingstmann ◽  
Daniel Paredes ◽  
Jacob Buchholz ◽  
Pascal Querner ◽  
Thomas Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Family Diversity ◽  
Shannon Diversity ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
Activity Density ◽  
Springtail Species ◽  
Landscape Factors ◽  
Surrounding Landscape

Interactions between predatory species and their potential prey are little studied in vineyards, especially considering the surrounding landscape structure. We examined the effects of soil tillage intensities in vineyard inter-rows on the activity density and diversity of spiders (Araneae) and springtails (Collembola), their potential preys, and assessed whether these effects are altered by non-crop elements in the surrounding landscape. We collected data in 16 vineyards in Austria; eight were periodically mechanically disturbed (PMD), eight had permanent green cover (PGC). The study vineyards were embedded in landscapes ranging from structurally simple to complex. Both, spiders and springtails were collected with pitfall traps. Data analyses using generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) showed different effects of soil tillage intensities on spiders and springtails and an interaction with semi-natural elements (SNEs) in the surrounding landscape. Activities of springtails were higher under PMD than under PGC while spider activity density remained unaffected. Spider family Shannon diversity was lower under PMD than under PGC, while springtail species Shannon diversity was unaffected by tillage. Under PMD, spider activity and family diversity decreased with increasing SNEs in the surroundings indicating spider emigration away from vineyards. Under PGC, spider activity density increased with increasing SNE proportions in the surroundings when springtail activity density was high. Our findings suggest that recommendations on sustainable vineyard management should include both site and landscape factors.

scholarly journals Earthworm Abundance Changes Depending on Soil Management Practices in Slovenian Vineyards

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1241
Author(s):  
Stanko Vršič ◽  
Marko Breznik ◽  
Borut Pulko ◽  
Jesús Rodrigo-Comino
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
The Impact

Earthworms are key indicators of soil quality and health in vineyards, but research that considers different soil management systems, especially in Slovenian viticultural areas is scarce. In this investigation, the impact of different soil management practices such as permanent green cover, the use of herbicides in row and inter-row areas, use of straw mulch, and shallow soil tillage compared to meadow control for earthworm abundance, were assessed. The biomass and abundance of earthworms (m2) and distribution in various soil layers were quantified for three years. Monitoring and a survey covering 22 May 2014 to 5 October 2016 in seven different sampling dates, along with a soil profile at the depth from 0 to 60 cm, were carried out. Our results showed that the lowest mean abundance and biomass of earthworms in all sampling periods were registered along the herbicide strip (within the rows). The highest abundance was found in the straw mulch and permanent green cover treatments (higher than in the control). On the plots where the herbicide was applied to the complete inter-row area, the abundance of the earthworm community decreased from the beginning to the end of the monitoring period. In contrast, shallow tillage showed a similar trend of declining earthworm abundance, which could indicate a deterioration of soil biodiversity conditions. We concluded that different soil management practices greatly affect the soil’s environmental conditions (temperature and humidity), especially in the upper soil layer (up to 15 cm deep), which affects the abundance of the earthworm community. Our results demonstrated that these practices need to be adapted to the climate and weather conditions, and also to human impacts.

scholarly journals Detecting Urban Landscape Factors Controlling Seasonal Land Surface Temperatures: From the Perspective of Urban Function Zones

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Li ◽  
Ying Xu ◽  
Lei Yao
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Biophysical Parameters ◽  
Landscape Factors ◽  
Urban Function ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Understanding of the impact on the thermal effect by urbanization is of great significance for urban thermal regulation, it is essential to determine the relationship between the urban heat island (UHI) effect and the complexities of urban function and landscape structure. For this purpose, we conducted a case research in the metropolitan region of Beijing, China, and >5000 urban blocks assigned with different urban function zones (UFZs) were identified as the basic spatial analysis units. Seasonal land surface temperature (LST) retrieved from remote sensing data were used to represent the UHI characteristics of the study area, and surface biophysical parameters, building forms, and landscape pattern metrics were selected as the urban landscape factors. Then, the effects of urban function and landscape structure on the UHI effect were examined by spatial regression models. The results indicated that: (1) Significant spatio-temporal heterogeneity of LST were found in the study area, and there was obvious temperature gradient with “working-living-resting” UFZs; (2) All the types of urban landscape factors showed significant contribution to seasonal LST, and sorted by surface biophysical factors > building forms > landscape factors. However, their contributions varied in different seasons; (3) The major contribute factors showed a certain difference due to the variation of urban function and landscape complexity. This study expands understanding on the complex relationship among urban landscape, function, and thermal environment, which could benefit urban landscape planning for UHI alleviation.

Native mycorrhizal communities of olive tree roots as affected by protective green cover and soil tillage

2020 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 103520
Author(s):  
Michela Palla ◽  
Alessandra Turrini ◽  
Caterina Cristani ◽  
Giovanni Caruso ◽  
Luciano Avio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Tree ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Green Cover

scholarly journals Soil erosion and earthworm population responses to soil management systems in steep-slope vineyards ..

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 258-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vršič
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Population Responses ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
Earthworm Population ◽  
Earthworm Populations

This study is aimed at investigating the effect of different vineyard soil management systems on soil erosion and earthworm (Lumbricidae) population. Three soil management systems were investigated: permanent green cover (control), straw-cover and periodic soil tillage. Inter-row periodic soil tillage was applied in 2002 and 2003 (May and August), and straw-cover in May 2002. Periodic soil tillage resulted in increased erosion, i.e. 1746 kg/ha of soil/per year, on average. The greater portion of erosive events occurred after tillage in summer (August 2002), which was accompanied by heavy rainfall and slow renewal of grass cover (slower than in spring). The lowest average amount of soil erosion was observed in the treatment with straw-cover (56 kg/ha per year). This management system provided better environment for earthworm populations, most of which were found close to the soil surface, especially in the dry year 2003. In periodical soil tillage, the majority of earthworms were found in the soil horizon not disturbed by the tillage, i.e. at the depth of 10&ndash;20 cm. The lowest number of earthworms (only 2 per m<sup>2</sup>) was recorded in the herbicide intra-row strip. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Staphylinidae and Carabidae overwintering in wheat and sown wildflower areas of different age

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Frank ◽  
B. Reichhart
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Sand Content ◽  
Surrounding Landscape ◽  
Successional Age

AbstractSpecies richness and abundance of staphylinid and carabid beetles overwintering in winter wheat fields and 1- to 3-year-old wildflower areas were investigated during 2000/2001 on 16 study sites in Switzerland. Abundance and species richness of overwintering staphylinids significantly increased with successional age of the wildflower areas and were always higher in older wildflower areas than in winter wheat. A similar but less distinct pattern was observed for the abundance and species richness of carabid beetles. The influence of habitat parameters (vegetation cover, fine sand content, organic matter, pH, soil pore volume, surrounding landscape structure, habitat area) on the staphylinid and carabid assemblages based on the number of individuals per species and site was analysed using canonical correspondence analysis. Vegetation cover was the most significant parameter significantly characterizing both staphylinid and carabid assemblages. The amount of vegetation cover explained 15.7% of the variance, fine sand content accounted for 13.3% and surrounding landscape structure for 10.9% of the variance in the staphylinid assemblage. In the carabid assemblage, vegetation cover was the only significant factor, explaining 24.7% of the variance. This study showed for the first time that the significance of wildflower areas as a reservoir for hibernation for generalist predatory beetles increases with progressing successional age.

Effects of landscape structure and key landscape factors on aphids-parasitoids- hyper parasitoids populations in wheat fields

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 472-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
赵紫华 ZHAO Zihua ◽  
王颖 WANG Ying ◽  
贺达汉 HE Dahan ◽  
关晓庆 GUAN Xiaoqing ◽  
辛明 XIN Ming
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Landscape Factors

scholarly journals Landscape structure affects activity density, body size and fecundity of Pardosa wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) in winter oilseed rape

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas DRAPELA ◽  
Thomas FRANK ◽  
Xaver HEER ◽  
Dietmar MOSER ◽  
Johann G. ZALLER
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Wolf Spiders ◽  
Activity Density

Modelling the impacts of management practices on agricultural phosphorus losses to surface waters of Finland

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rekolainen ◽  
J. Grönroos ◽  
I. Bärlund ◽  
A. Nikander ◽  
Y. Laine
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Support ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
Cultivation Practices ◽  
Phosphorus Losses

This paper presents the changes in cultivation practices in Finnish agriculture resulting from the Agri-Environmental Support Scheme of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union. Detailed data were collected by interviewing farmers in four different areas of the country. The potential impacts of changes in cultivation practices on phosphorus losses were assessed using a mathematical simulation model. The variables monitored were: fertilization, winter green cover and soil tillage methods in autumn. The use of fertilizers has decreased to meet the requirements of the support programme. Winter green cover has increased in areas to a minimum level of 30% of the cultivated area. However, the potential impacts on nutrient losses were small. There are two reasons for this: the increase in reduced tillage practices is likely to increase the loss of dissolved phosphorus in southern Finland, and the reduction of set-aside has led to slight increases in particulate phosphorus losses. However, the reduction in grassland fertilization rapidly decreased loss of dissolved phosphorus in northern Finland.

scholarly journals Does Body Size Affect a Bird's Sensitivity to Patch Size and Landscape Structure?

The Condor ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 808-816
Author(s):  
Maiken Winter ◽  
Douglas H. Johnson ◽  
Jill A. Shaffer
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Patch Size ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
Habitat Patches ◽  
Surrounding Landscape

Abstract Abstract Larger birds are generally more strongly affected by habitat loss and fragmentation than are smaller ones because they require more resources and thus larger habitat patches. Consequently, conservation actions often favor the creation or protection of larger over smaller patches. However, in grassland systems the boundaries between a patch and the surrounding landscape, and thus the perceived size of a patch, can be indistinct. We investigated whether eight grassland bird species with different body sizes perceived variation in patch size and landscape structure in a consistent manner. Data were collected from surveys conducted in 44 patches of northern tallgrass prairie during 1998–2001. The response to patch size was very similar among species regardless of body size (density was little affected by patch size), except in the Greater Prairie-Chicken (Tympanuchus cupido), which showed a threshold effect and was not found in patches smaller than 140 ha. In landscapes containing 0%–30% woody vegetation, smaller species responded more negatively to increases in the percentage of woody vegetation than larger species, but above an apparent threshold of 30%, larger species were not detected. Further analyses revealed that the observed variation in responses to patch size and landscape structure among species was not solely due to body size per se, but to other differences among species. These results indicate that a stringent application of concepts requiring larger habitat patches for larger species appears to limit the number of grassland habitats that can be protected and may not always be the most effective conservation strategy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document