scholarly journals Application of SWAT Model with a Modified Groundwater Module to the Semi-Arid Hailiutu River Catchment, Northwest China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangwen Shao ◽  
Danrong Zhang ◽  
Yiqing Guan ◽  
Yuebo Xie ◽  
Feng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Shallow Aquifers ◽  
Deep Aquifer ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Deep Aquifers ◽  
Semi Arid

In the original soil and water assessment Tool (SWAT) model (SWAT-O), the contributions of shallow aquifers and deep aquifers to streamflow are simulated using the linear reservoir method. The movement of groundwater was limited in the hydrological response unit which is a minimum calculation unit in the SWAT. However, this computational method may not be suitable for the areas where a groundwater system is complicated, and the river is predominately recharged by groundwater. In this paper, we proposed an enhanced groundwater module which divides shallow aquifers into upper and lower aquifers, integrates all the deep aquifers of a sub-basin into a regional aquifer, and simulates interactive water amount between lower aquifer and deep aquifer using water depth difference. The modified groundwater module was introduced to the original SWAT model, hereby referred to as SWAT-MG. The SWAT-MG and SWAT-O models were applied to the Hailiutu River catchment, which is a semi-arid wind sandy grass shoal catchment. Results showed that both models underestimated streamflow in peak flow, while the simulated streamflow of SWAT-MG was closer the observed values than that of SWAT-O. Three evaluation criteria (NSE, RSR, PBIAS) were applied to evaluate the performance of the models and the results showed that SWAT-MG had a better performance than SWAT-O. The baseflow index of Hailiutu River which was calculated by the results of SWAT-MG was 96.78%, which means the streamflow is predominately recharged by groundwater, and this conforms to the actual situation of Hailiutu River catchment. This indicates that a SWAT model with a modified groundwater module could better represent the groundwater flow behavior in the study area.

Hydrologic response to climate change: a case study for the Be River Catchment, Vietnam

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dao Nguyen Khoi ◽  
Tadashi Suetsugi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Calibration And Validation ◽  
Daily Streamflow ◽  
The Impact

The Be River Catchment was studied to quantify the potential impact of climate change on the streamflow using a multi-model ensemble approach. Climate change scenarios (A1B and B1) were developed from an ensemble of four GCMs (general circulation models) (CGCM3.1 (T63), CM2.0, CM2.1 and HadCM3) that showed good performance for the Be River Catchment through statistical evaluations between 15 GCM control simulations and the corresponding time series of observations at annual and monthly levels. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to investigate the impact on streamflow under climate change scenarios. The model was calibrated and validated using daily streamflow records. The calibration and validation results indicated that the SWAT model was able to simulate the streamflow well, with Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency exceeding 0.78 for the Phuoc Long station and 0.65 for the Phuoc Hoa station, for both calibration and validation at daily and monthly steps. Their differences in simulating the streamflow under future climate scenarios were also investigated. The results indicate a 1.0–2.9 °C increase in annual temperature and a −4.0 to 0.7% change in annual precipitation corresponding to a change in streamflow of −6.0 to −0.4%. Large decreases in precipitation and runoff are observed in the dry season.

scholarly journals Designing Aquifer Model for the Banks of the Serayu River, Sokawera, Somagede, Banyumas, Indonesia by Means of 1D-Electrical Resistivity Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-357
Author(s):  
Sehah Sehah ◽  
Hartono Hartono ◽  
Zaroh Irayani ◽  
Urip Nurwijayanto Prabowo
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Model Potential ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Shallow Aquifers ◽  
Clayey Sand ◽  
Deep Aquifer ◽  
Resistivity Data ◽  
Deep Aquifers ◽  
Groundwater Aquifer

A geoelectric survey using the 1D-electrical resistivity method was applied to design a groundwater aquifer model for the banks of the Serayu River in Sokawera Village, Somagede District, Banyumas Regency, Indonesia. The aim of this research was to identify the characteristics of aquifers in the research area based on resistivity log data. Acquisition, modeling, and interpretation of resistivity data were carried out and the results were lithological logs at seven sounding points. Correlation between the lithological logs resulted in a hydrostratigraphic model. This model is composed of several hydrological units, i.e. shallow aquifer, aquitard, and deep aquifer. The shallow aquifers are composed of sandy clay (10.81-18.21 Wm) and clayey sand (3.04-7.43 Wm) with a depth of groundwater from the water table to 27.51 m. The deep aquifers are composed of sandstone with variation of porosity (2.24-12.04 Wm) at a depth of more than 54.98 m. Based on this model, potential shallow aquifers were estimated to be at sounding points Sch-5, Sch-6, and Sch-7. This hydrostratigraphic model shows that the two types of aquifers are separated by an aquitard layer, allowing groundwater infiltration from the shallow aquifer to the deep aquifer and vice versa. Moreover, the Serayu riverbanks in this research area are estimated to be a groundwater discharge area.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Open Access Precipitation and Temperature Products Using SWAT in Shiyang River Basin, Northwest China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gengxi Zhang ◽  
Xiaoling Su ◽  
Olusola O. Ayantobo ◽  
Kai Feng ◽  
Jing Guo
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Shiyang River Basin ◽  
Streamflow Simulation ◽  
Precipitation And Temperature

Precipitation and temperature are significant inputs for hydrological models. Currently, many satellite and reanalysis precipitation and air temperature datasets exist at different spatio-temporal resolutions at a global and quasi-global scale. This study evaluated the performances of three open-access precipitation datasets (gauge-adjusted research-grade Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP_Gauge), Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS), Climate Forecast System Reanalysis(CFSR)) and CFSR air temperature dataset in driving the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model required for the monthly simulation of streamflow in the upper Shiyang River Basin of northwest China. After a thorough comparison of six model scenarios with different combinations of precipitation and air temperature inputs, the following conclusions were drawn: (1) Although the precipitation products had similar spatial patterns, however, CFSR differs significantly by showing an overestimation; (2) CFSR air temperature yielded almost identical performance in the streamflow simulation than the measured air temperature from gauge stations; (3) among the three open-access precipitation datasets, CHIRPS produced the best performance. These results suggested that the CHIRPS precipitation and CFSR air temperature datasets which are available at high spatial resolution (0.05), could be a promising alternative open-access data source for streamflow simulation in the case of limited access to desirable gauge data in the data-scarce area.

scholarly journals A Flexible Framework HydroInformatic Modeling System—HIMS

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Wang ◽  
Zhonggen Wang ◽  
Changming Liu ◽  
Peng Bai ◽  
Xiaocong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Water Cycling ◽  
Generation Mechanisms ◽  
Semi Arid

It is important to simulate streamflow with hydrological models suitable for the particular study areas, as the hydrological characteristics of water cycling processes are distinctively different due to spatial heterogeneity at the watershed scale. However, most existing hydrological models cannot be customized to simulate water cycling processes of different areas due to their fixed structures and modes. This study developed a HydroInformatic Modeling System (HIMS) model with a flexible structure which had multiple equations available to describe each of the key hydrological processes. The performance of the HIMS model was evaluated with the recommended structure for semi-arid areas by comparisons with two datasets of observed streamflow: the first one of 53 Australian watersheds, the second one of the Lhasa River basin in China. Based on the first dataset, the most appropriate watersheds were identified for the HIMS model utilization with areas of 400–600 km2 and annual precipitation of 800–1200 mm. Based on the second dataset, the model performance was statistically satisfied with Nash-Sutcliffe Efficient (NSE) greater than 0.87 and Water Error (WE) within ±20% on the streamflow simulation at hourly, daily, and monthly time steps. In addition, the water balance was mostly closed with respect to precipitation, streamflow, actual evapotranspiration (ET), and soil moisture change at the annual time steps in both the periods of calibration and validation. Therefore, the HIMS model was reliable in estimating streamflow and simulating the water cycling processes for the structure of semi-arid areas. The simulated streamflow of HIMS was compared with those of the Variable Infiltration Capacity model (VIC) and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) models and we found that the HIMS model performed better than the SWAT model, and had similar results to the VIC model with combined runoff generation mechanisms.

scholarly journals Flow Simulation and Storage Assessment in an Ungauged Irrigation Tank Cascade System Using the SWAT Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13158
Author(s):  
Koppuravuri Ramabrahmam ◽  
Venkata Reddy Keesara ◽  
Raghavan Srinivasan ◽  
Deva Pratap ◽  
Venkataramana Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Cascade System ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Irrigation Tank ◽  
Semi Arid

In the semi-arid regions of South Asia, tank systems are the major source of irrigation. In India, the Telangana state government has initiated the Mission Kakatiya program to rejuvenate irrigation tank systems. Understanding the hydrological processes that supply water to these systems is critical to the success of these types of programs in India. The current study attempted to comprehend the hydrological processes and flow routing in the Salivagu watershed tank cascade system in Telangana. There are a lot of ungauged tank cascade systems in this region. Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a physically-based model, was used to simulate flow patterns in the Salivagu watershed with and without tank systems. The geospatially extracted area and volume were used for this study provided by WBIS-Bhuvan-NRSC. Additionally, the Katakshapur Tank Cascade System (KTCS) was chosen to analyze the water availability in each tank using the water balance approach. The Salivagu watershed flow simulation without tanks overestimated streamflow. The volume difference in flow between with and without tank was 606 Mm3, 615.9 Mm3, and 1011 Mm3 in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. The SWAT simulated volumes of the Ramchandrapur and Dharmaraopalle tanks in KTCS were merely satisfied because the tank size was less than 0.7 km2 and the storage capacity was up to 1 Mm3. Due to tank sizes more than 0.8 km2 and capacities greater than 2 Mm3, the Mallampalli and Katakshapur tank simulation findings were in good agreement with WBIS-Bhuvan-NRSC. This research advances our understanding of the hydrological processes in ungauged cascading tank systems in tropical semi-arid regions.

scholarly journals Sub catchment Assessment of snowpack and snowmelt change by analyzing elevation bands and parameter sensitivity in the high Himalayas

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Singh ◽  
Manish Kumar Goyal ◽  
Rao Y. Surampalli ◽  
Francisco Munoz-Arriola
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Parameter Sensitivity ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Hydrological Parameters ◽  
Streamflow Generation ◽  
Satluj River

Abstract. The present work proposes to improve estimates of how much streamflow is generated by snow in the watersheds of the steep Himalayas. Half of the earth’s glacial catchments in nonpolar areas are in the Himalayas, and they generate almost a third of the streamflows in India. In River catchments with glacier presence in the region, temporal variability in streamflow generation and the associated distribution of accumulated snow illustrate how changes in snowmelt and precipitation can affect water supplies to a growing population of 1.3 billion people. Estimations of snowpack and snowmelt in watersheds are critical for understanding streamflow generation and sources of catchments. However, estimating precipitation and snow accumulation is constrained by the difficulties complex terrain poses to data collection. The primary objective of this study is to assess the role of elevations in the computation of snowfall (snowpack) and snowmelt in sub-catchments. The study area is the Satluj River Catchment (up to Kasol gauge) with moderate (e.g., 526 m) to very high elevations (e.g., 7429 m) dominated by snow covers and glaciers. The Satluj River Catchment was divided into 14 sub-catchments. Snowpack and snowmelt variations in the sub-catchments in both historical and projected near-term (2011–2130) periods were analyzed using observed and Global Circulation Model (GCM) data sets. Both hydrological scenarios used elevation bands and parameter-sensitivity analyses built in the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. For model calibration/validation and parameter sensitivity analysis, an advanced optimization method — namely, Sequential Uncertainty Fitting (SUFI2) approach was used with multiple hydrological parameters. Among all parameters, the curve number (CN2) was found significantly sensitive for computations. The snowmelt hydrological parameters such as snowmelt factor maximum (SMFMX) and snow coverage (SNO50COV) significantly affected objective functions such as R2 and NSE during the model optimization process. The computed snowpack and snowmelt were found highly variable over the Himalayan sub-catchments as also reported by previous researchers in other regions. The magnitude of snowpack change consistently decreases across all the sub-catchments of the Satluj River Catchment (varying between 4 % and 42 %). The highest percentage of changes in snowpack was observed over high-elevation subcatchments.

scholarly journals A collaborated framework to improve hydrologic ecosystem services management with sparse data in a semi-arid basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Wu ◽  
Yang Xu ◽  
Guodong Yin ◽  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
Chong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Invest Model ◽  
Integrated Valuation ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract Applying various models to assess hydrologic ecosystem services (HESs) management has the potential to encourage efficient water resources allocation. However, can a single model designed on these principles be practical to carry out hydrologic ecosystem services management for all purposes? We address this question by fully discussing the advantages of the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model, the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT), and the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs (InVEST) model. The analysis is carried both qualitatively and quantitatively at the Yixunhe River basin, China, with a semi-arid climate. After integrating the advantages of each model, a collaborated framework and model selection method have been proposed and validated for optimizing the HESs management at the data sparse scenario. Our study also reveals that the VIC and SWAT model presents the better runoff reproducing ability of the hydrological cycle. Though the InVEST model has less accuracy in runoff simulation, the interannual change rate is similar to the other two models. Furthermore, the InVEST model (1.08 billion m3) has larger simulation result than the SWAT model (0.86 billion m3) for the water yield, while both models have close results for sediment losses assessment.

scholarly journals Baseflow simulation using SWAT model in an inland river basin in Tianshan Mountains, Northwest China

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1259-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Luo ◽  
J. Arnold ◽  
P. Allen ◽  
X. Chen
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Tianshan Mountains ◽  
Soil Freezing ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Model Based ◽  
The One

Abstract. Baseflow is an important component in hydrological modeling. The complex streamflow recession process complicates the baseflow simulation. In order to simulate the snow and/or glacier melt dominated streamflow receding quickly during the high-flow period but very slowly during the low-flow period in rivers in arid and cold northwest China, the current one-reservoir baseflow approach in SWAT (Soil Water Assessment Tool) model was extended by adding a slow- reacting reservoir and applying it to the Manas River basin in the Tianshan Mountains. Meanwhile, a digital filter program was employed to separate baseflow from streamflow records for comparisons. Results indicated that the two-reservoir method yielded much better results than the one-reservoir one in reproducing streamflow processes, and the low-flow estimation was improved markedly. Nash-Sutcliff efficiency values at the calibration and validation stages are 0.68 and 0.62 for the one-reservoir case, and 0.76 and 0.69 for the two-reservoir case. The filter-based method estimated the baseflow index as 0.60, while the model-based as 0.45. The filter-based baseflow responded almost immediately to surface runoff occurrence at onset of rising limb, while the model-based responded with a delay. In consideration of watershed surface storage retention and soil freezing/thawing effects on infiltration and recharge during initial snowmelt season, a delay response is considered to be more reasonable. However, a more detailed description of freezing/thawing processes should be included in soil modules so as to determine recharge to aquifer during these processes, and thus an accurate onset point of rising limb of the simulated baseflow.

scholarly journals Climate change impact assessment on water security in South Africa: A case study in a semi-arid river basin

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 06014
Author(s):  
Yali Woyessa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semi Arid

The main aim of this paper is to assess the impact of regional climate change scenarios on the availability of water resources in a semi-arid river basin in South Africa using a hydrological model called Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). In this paper, climate change data was derived from two downscaling approaches, namely statistical downscaling experiment (SDE) and dynamic downscaling (CORDEX). These were derived from the GCM simulations of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase-5 (CMIP5) and across two greenhouse gas emission scenarios known as Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5. The spatial resolution of the dataset for the SDE method is 25 km × 25 km and 50 km × 50 km for the CORDEX method. Six GCM models were used for SDE set of data and four for the CORDEX set of data. SWAT model was run using these data for a period of up to mid-century (2020 – 2050) for SDE and for a period of up to the end of this century (2020 – 2100) for CORDEX data. The results were then compared with long-term historical data (1975-2005). Comparison of measured data with simulated historical data showed strong correlation (R2 = 0.95 for SDE data and R2 = 0.92 for CORDEX data), which is indicative of the reliability of projected future climate.

scholarly journals Payment Criteria and Mode for Watershed Ecosystem Services: A Case Study of the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6177
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Song ◽  
Yuqing Liu ◽  
Fanglei Zhong ◽  
Xiaohong Deng ◽  
Yuan Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Scale Economy ◽  
Heihe River ◽  
Additional Water ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Low Coverage

Quantitative evaluation of the relationship between payment criteria and the amount of additional ecosystem services can improve the cost-effectiveness of payment for ecosystem services (PES) projects. This paper simulated additional water conservation (AWC) using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, examined appropriate payment criteria, and matched different payment modes with local herders’ preferences in Northwest China. The results showed that if all the low-coverage grass areas were to be closed through PES projects, the actual payment criteria, 37 yuan/ha, would need to be increased eight times, which would be 302 yuan/ha. Along with that, annual AWC could reach 1.69 × 106 m3. If PES projects were implemented in all the low- and medium-coverage grass areas, payment criteria would need to be increased to 365 yuan/ha, and the annual AWC would reach 2.59 × 106 m3. There were scale economy effects in this range, because a 21% increase in the payment criteria would result in a 66% increase in the total AWC. The appropriate mode for herders above 40 years old is “cash + in-kind compensation” and “cash + capacity” for those below 40, due to the preferences varying in age.

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