scholarly journals Productive Employment for Inclusive and Sustainable Development in European Union Countries: A Multivariate Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Ana Georgescu ◽  
Emilia Herman
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Working Poverty ◽  
High Level ◽  
Productive Employment

It is widely recognized that achieving highly productive employment is a serious challenge facing inclusive and sustainable development. In this context, the aim of this article was to highlight the main characteristics and mechanisms of productive employment, focusing on the interrelationships between productive employment, and inclusive and sustainable development in European Union countries, during the recent economic crisis and recovery period (2007–2016). The results of the correlation and regression analysis suggest that the high level of inclusive and sustainable development in some European Union countries can be mainly explained by high labor productivity, an efficient sectoral structure of employment, a low level of vulnerable and precarious employment, and low working poverty. Moreover, the results of the principal component analysis and cluster analysis show that there are common features and differences between the European Union member states in terms of their interrelationship between productive employment, and inclusive and sustainable development, which emphasizes the need to take specific actions to transform unproductive employment into productive employment, especially in southern countries and some central and eastern European countries, so that productive employment will be the driving force for development.

scholarly journals Are International Indices Good Predictors of Economic Growth? Panel Data and Cluster Analysis for European Union Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6003
Author(s):  
Manuel Carlos Nogueira ◽  
Mara Madaleno
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Environmental Performance Index ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Every year, news about the publication of rankings and scores of important international indexes are highlighted, with some of the most prestigious being the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), the Human Development Index (HDI), the Ease of Doing Business (EDB), the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) and the Global Entrepreneurship (GEI). A country’s progression in these indices is associated with economic growth, especially since several empirical studies have found evidence to reinforce these beliefs, the indices having been built based on the scientific literature on economic growth. Building a database on these indices for European Union countries between 2007 and 2017 and using panel data methodologies and then 2SLS (Two-Stage Least Squares) to solve the problem of endogeneity, we verify empirically through panel data estimates, what is the relationship between the mentioned indices and the European Union countries’ economic growth for the period. However, as the European Union is made up of diverse countries with different economic and social realities, we divided the countries into six clusters and made an individual interpretation for each one. We found that human development and competitiveness play an important role in economic growth, and entrepreneurship also impacts this growth. Regarding income distribution, applying the Gini index, we found that only human development mitigates inequalities.

Socialist Architecture

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-43
Author(s):  
Paweł Piotr Piotrowski ◽  
Małgorzata Kieżel ◽  
Joanna Wiechoczek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
European Union Countries

The goal of the chapter is to draw attention to the need to preserve selected examples of architecture built in 1945-1991 in the European Union countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The meanings assigned to the objects evolve, and along with social changes and changing awareness, architectural and urban value of the buildings from this period is more and more often noticed. Consequently, growth of their significance for development of tourism can be expected. On the other hand, they often constitute a dissonant heritage, and thus, more and more of them are demolished. This chapter presents the concept of dissonant heritage and justifies the relationships between characterised architecture. Attention is focused on the relationships between the need to protect it and the concept of sustainable development (including sustainable tourism). Examples of cities that have relatively big resources of this architecture are identified, and an attempt to classify them is made. Then tourist offer of these cities is analysed with respect to the use of the discussed architecture.

scholarly journals Studying the Level of Sustainable Energy Development of the European Union Countries and Their Similarity Based on the Economic and Demographic Potential

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6643
Author(s):  
Magdalena Tutak ◽  
Jarosław Brodny ◽  
Dominika Siwiec ◽  
Robert Ulewicz ◽  
Peter Bindzár
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Energy Economy ◽  
Demographic Potential

The concept of sustainable economic development takes into account economic, social and environmental aspects and strives to achieve balance between them. One of the basic areas where it is required to revalue the current views on sustainable development is energy. The growing public awareness of environmental protection forces changes in this industry. Despite the global nature of this problem, its solution is perceived differently in various regions of the world. The unquestionable leader in introducing the idea of sustainable development economy is the European Union, where the energy sector is of key importance for the effectiveness of this process. In order to assess the sustainable energy development of the European Union countries, studies were conducted based on 13 selected indicators characterizing this sector in terms of energy, economy and environment. In order to assess the specificity of the European Union countries, these indicators were additionally compared to the gross domestic product value and the number of inhabitants of individual countries. For these cases, multi-criteria analyses were carried out using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. It allowed the authors to rank the European Union countries in terms of their adaptation to a sustainable energy economy. Based on the determined values of indicators versus the gross domestic product and the number of inhabitants of the countries in question, these countries were also divided into similar groups with the use of the Kohonen artificial neural networks. These groups can pursue a common energy policy in the field of sustainable development. The aim of the research was to present a new approach to the assessment of sustainable energy development of the European Union countries. The extensive ratio analysis (13 indicators of the sustainable energy development), including the economic and demographic potential of individual countries, and the use of modern tools made it possible to acquire new knowledge in the field of sustainable energy development in the European Union countries. The results should be utilized for more effective sustainable energy development of the European Union countries.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Electricity Production from Renewable Energy Sources in Selected Countries of the European Union in 2010 and in 2016 Using Multidimensional Exploratory Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-666
Author(s):  
Tomasz K. Dobek ◽  
Marek Rynkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Solid Biofuels ◽  
European Union Countries

The study presents assessment of the production of electricity obtained from renewable sources in selected European Union countries in 2010 and 2016. Among selected countries, the largest amount of electricity from renewable sources in 2010 was produced in Germany – 9,546.56 ktoe and in 2016 – 16,409.73 ktoe. In the analyzed countries of the European Union there was an increase in the production of energy obtained from renewable sources in comparison to 2010 and the dynamics of this growth in selected countries ranged from 106.1% to 217.0%. On the basis of the cluster analysis, it was found that Poland was in a similar group as Hungary in obtaining energy from renewable sources. On the other hand, Austria stood out the most from the surveyed countries, which proves that there is a big difference resulting from the energy management there in the area of obtaining electricity from renewable sources. Based on the principal component analysis, it was found that among selected EU countries, Austria is the most focused on the production of electricity from renewable sources from solid biofuels and water. Germany obtains the largest amounts from the sun, other renewable sources and wind.

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