scholarly journals A Levelized Cost Analysis for Solar-Energy-Powered Sea Water Desalination in The Emirate of Abu Dhabi

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Kaya ◽  
M. Tok ◽  
Muammer Koc
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Seawater Desalination ◽  
Levelized Cost ◽  
Thermal Desalination

The Emirate of Abu Dhabi heavily relies on seawater desalination for its freshwater needs due to limited available resources. This trend is expected to increase further because of the growing population and economic activity, the rapid decline in limited freshwater reserves, and the aggravating effects of climate change. Seawater desalination in Abu Dhabi is currently done through thermal desalination technologies, such as multi-stage flash (MSF) and multi-effect distillation (MED), coupled with thermal power plants, which is known as co-generation. These thermal desalination methods are together responsible for more than 90% of the desalination capacity in the Emirate. Our analysis indicates that these thermal desalination methods are inefficient regarding energy consumption and harmful to the environment due to CO2 emissions and other dangerous byproducts. The rapid decline in the cost of solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems for energy production and reverse osmosis (RO) technology for desalination makes a combination of these two an ideal option for a sustainable desalination future in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. A levelized cost of water (LCW) study of a solar PV + RO system indicates that Abu Dhabi is well-positioned to utilize this technological combination for cheap and clean desalination in the coming years. Countries in the Sunbelt region with a limited freshwater capacity similar to Abu Dhabi may also consider the proposed system in this study for sustainable desalination.

Static Converter for High Energy Utilization, Modular, Small Nuclear Power Plants

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. El-Genk ◽  
Jean-Michel P. Tournier
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Thermodynamic Efficiency

This paper presents and analyzes the performance of high efficiency, high total energy utilization, static converters, which could be used in conjunction with small nuclear reactor plants in remote locations and in undersea applications, requiring little or no maintenance. The converters consist of a top cycle of Alkali Metal Thermal-to-Electric Conversion (AMTEC) units and PbTe thermoelectric (TE) bottom cycle. In addition to converting the reactor thermal power to electricity at 1150 K or less, at a thermodynamic efficiency in the low to mid thirties, the heat rejection from the TE bottom cycle could be used for space heating, industrial processing, or sea water desalination. The results indicated that for space heating applications, where the rejected thermal power from the TE bottom cycle is removed by natural convection of ambient air, a total utilization of the reactor thermal power of > 80% is possible. When operated at 1030 K, potassium AMTEC/TE converters are not only more efficient than the sodium AMTEC/TE converters but produce more electrical power. The present analysis showed that a single converter could be sized to produce up to 100 kWe and 70 kWe, for the Na-AMTEC/TE units when operating at 1150 K and the K-AMTEC/TE units when operating at 1030 K, respectively. Such modularity is an added advantage to the high-energy utilization of the present AMTEC/TE converters.

scholarly journals Economic feasibility of wind and photovoltaic energy in Kuwait

2021 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 05016
Author(s):  
Waleed K. Al-Nassar ◽  
S. Neelamani ◽  
Teena Sara William
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity

The worldwide environmental concern and awareness created a way towards the generation of pollution-free wind and solar renewable energies. Wind and Photovoltaic (PV) power plants of each 10 MW capacity located in the Shagaya area, west of Kuwait, were compared after one year of operation. The wind power plants recorded high capacity factors resulting in a yearly power production of 42.59 GWh, 21% higher than expected (contractual 31.160 GWh). It will reduce the emission of CO2 throughout the projected lifetime of 25 years by 118,303 tons. CAPEX (capital Expenditure) and OPEX (operation expenditure) were taken into consideration throughout the life of the plants along with investment costs resulting in a levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for wind of 0.015 KWD/kWh or 0.046 USD/kWh, compared to 0.027 KWD/kWh or 0.082 USD/kWh for solar PV (44% lower than PV). Offshore, Boubyan Island, Northern Kuwait territorial waters, were found to be the foremost appropriate for wind energy generation, with Wind Power Density of more than 500 Watt/m2 in summer which is ideal for the high energy demanding season in Kuwait. The LCOE for offshore wind energy was 27.6 fils/kWh, compared to 39.3 fils/kWh for thermal power plants.

scholarly journals Sea Level Rise Mitigation by Global Sea Water Desalination Using Renewable-Energy-Powered Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9552
Author(s):  
Muna Hindiyeh ◽  
Aiman Albatayneh ◽  
Rashed Altarawneh ◽  
Mustafa Jaradat ◽  
Murad Al-Omary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Seawater Desalination ◽  
Desalination Plants ◽  
Global Water

This work suggests a solution for preventing/eliminating the predicted Sea Level Rise (SLR) by seawater desalination and storage through a large number of desalination plants distributed worldwide; it also comprises that the desalinated seawater can resolve the global water scarcity by complete coverage for global water demand. Sea level rise can be prevented by desalinating the additional water accumulated into oceans annually for human consumption, while the excess amount of water can be stored in dams and lakes. It is predicted that SLR can be prevented by desalination plants. The chosen desalination plants for the study were Multi-Effect Desalination (MED) and Reverse Osmosis (RO) plants that are powered by renewable energy using wind and solar technologies. It is observed that the two main goals of the study are fulfilled when preventing an SLR between 1.0 m and 1.3 m by 2100 through seawater desalination, as the amount of desalinated water within that range can cover the global water demand while being economically viable.

Thermal Effects of Nuclear Power Stations

1974 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-195
Author(s):  
G. Bethlendy
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Even with the latest technology, more than 60% of the heat produced by any thermal engine - whether the fuel is coal, oil, gas or uranium - must be taken back into the environment by cooling water or exhaust gas. For economical reasons, the usual means of disposing of the “waste” heat from a thermal-power plant is to pump river, lake or sea water through the parts of the plant concerned. Nuclear power plants use their heat as efficiently as older thermal plants, 30–33%. Modern thermal plants, however work with as high as 40% efficiency, and release about 10–13% of their total fuel-heat into the air through the stack. As a result of the combination of all these factors, nuclear power plants release about 68–70% of total input heat into the cooling water. In practice this means that the plant must be able to draw upon a source of cooling water which is large enough, which flows quickly or is cold enough not to be seriously effected by the return of warmed-up water from the power station. Where this is not possible, it may be necessary to build relatively expensive cooling ponds and/or towers so that the heat is also released to the air rather than only to a local body of water. The thermal effects could be detrimental or beneficial depending on the utilization of the water body. At the present time the utilities are aware of these problems and very extensive aquatic studies are being made before and after the construction of the plants. Some beneficial uses of waste heat are being sought via research and demonstration projects (e.g. in agriculture, aquaculture, district heating, etc.).

Experience in improving water desalination technologies at thermal power plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 471-479
Author(s):  
A. S. Sedlov ◽  
V. V. Shishchenko ◽  
B. M. Larin ◽  
A. B. Larin ◽  
E. N. Potapkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Thermal Power Plants

scholarly journals Optimization of 100 MWe Parabolic-Trough Solar-Thermal Power Plants Under Regulated and Deregulated Electricity Market Conditions

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Llamas ◽  
Bullejos ◽  
Ruiz de Adana
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Parabolic Trough ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Solar Thermal Power ◽  
Levelized Cost ◽  
Plant Configuration

Parabolic-trough solar-thermal power-plant investments are subordinate to radiation availability, thermal-energy storage capacity, and dynamic behavior. Their integration into electricity markets is made by minimizing grid-connection costs, thus improving energy-availability and economic-efficiency levels. In this context, this work analyzes the sizing-investment adequacy of a 100 MWe parabolic-trough solar-thermal power plant regarding solar resources and thermal energy into power-block availability for both regulated and deregulated electricity markets. For this proposal, the design of a mathematical model for the optimal operation of parabolic-trough power plants with thermal storage by two tanks of molten salt is described. Model calibration is made by using a currently operated plant. Solar-resource availability is studied in three different radiation scenarios. The levelized cost of electricity and production profit relating to the investment cost are used to analyze plant sustainability. Thus, the levelized cost of electricity shows the best plant configuration for each radiation scenario within a regulated market. For deregulated markets, the optimal plant configuration tends to enhance the solar multiple and thermal-storage capacity thanks to an increment on selling profit. The gross average annual benefit for electricity generation of deregulated against regulated markets exceeds 21% in all radiation areas under study.

scholarly journals Usage of biomass CHP for balancing of power grid in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Oleksii Epik ◽  
Vitalii Zubenko
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Levelized Cost

The article contains the first considerations of the problematic of Ukrainian grid balancing issues raised by a rapid increase of RES share in total electricity supply. The provision of balancing electricity with accent on biomass combined heat and power plants (CHP) usage is considered. Three technical concepts are proposed for engaging of existing and planned biomass CHP into balancing operation primary operating in baseload regimes, namely – greenfield biomass thermal power plant (TPP) and CHP working primary in baseload regimes and provide balancing electricity when needed (with and without steam accumulation). It is shown that there are no principle technical limitations for biomass CHP/TPP usage for grid balancing. The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of balancing electricity for proposed concepts are calculated and compared with the reference technology proposed by the national grid operator (gas-piston engines and/or gas turbine). According to the calculations performed the LCOE (EUR/MWh) of balancing electricity could be 77-88 EUR/MWh for biomass CHP primary operating in baseload and 216 EUR/MWh for greenfield biomass TPP against 206 EUR/MWh for gas-piston/gas-turbine for applied assumptions, prices and tariffs.

Cyclic Economy Eevel Evaluation for Thermal Power Plant Based on System Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Wei Jun Wang ◽  
Liang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Waste Reuse

The article took thermal power plant for example, construct five industrial chains: heat and power cogeneration, sea water desalination, salt manufacturing, salt chemical and waste reuse. According to system analysis, the paper studied various factors of thermal circulation economy. It also use systematic function theory and analytic hierarchy process to construct the advantages function of cycle economic, and tries to explore a new comprehensive evaluation method for power plant circular economy. Research shows that desalination recycle economy mode will promote the utilization rate of resources and energy from each aspect for enterprises, it also improve ecological environment of power plant, so as to realize the sustainable development of thermal power plant.

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