scholarly journals Bio-Based Foamed Cushioning Materials Using Polypropylene and Wheat Bran

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1670
Author(s):  
Joo Sohn ◽  
Hyun Kim ◽  
Sung Cha
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Mixing Condition ◽  
Composite Foam ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Change Characteristics ◽  
Optimal Mixing

This study investigated bio-based plastic cushioning materials foamed through water phase-change characteristics using the natural by-product wheat bran. Experiments were carried out while increasing the wheat bran content from 20% to 70% in a blended composite material of polypropylene (PP) and wheat bran (WB). From the experimental results, we were able to prepare a bio-based plastic cushion that contained a high amount of natural materials, with a bran content of over 50%. This indicates the possibility of meeting the criteria for biodegradable plastics, as well as bio-based plastics. In this study, by inducing a foaming ratio of 95% or more, a volume-expansion ratio from 16 times to over 62 times was achieved. In addition, the optimal mixing condition for inducing a high-expansion foam was when the mixing ratio of PP and WB was 50/50, and the water content of the foaming agent was 25 parts per hundred resin. Finally, dynamic cushioning characteristics of PP50/WB50 composite foam prepared in this study and Polystyrene (PS) bead based commercial products were compared. The composite foam of this study showed comparable values, confirming commercialization possibility.

scholarly journals Resistance to Cleavage of Core–Shell Rubber/Epoxy Composite Foam Adhesive under Impact Wedge–Peel Condition for Automobile Structural Adhesive

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Ho Back ◽  
Dooyoung Baek ◽  
Jae-Ho Shin ◽  
Seong-Wook Jang ◽  
Hyun-Joong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Composite Foam ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Epoxy Foam ◽  
The Impact

Epoxy foam adhesives are widely used for weight reduction, watertight property, and mechanical reinforcement effects. However, epoxy foam adhesives have poor impact resistance at higher expansion ratios. Hence, we prepared an epoxy composite foam adhesive with core–shell rubber (CSR) particles to improve the impact resistance and applied it to automotive structural adhesives. The curing behavior and pore structure were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray computed tomography (CT), respectively, and impact wedge–peel tests were conducted to quantitatively evaluate the resistance to cleavage of the CSR/epoxy composite foam adhesives under impact. At 5 and 10 phr CSR contents, the pore size and expansion ratio increased sufficiently due to the decrease in curing rate. However, at 20 phr CSR content, the pore size decreased, which might be due to the steric hindrance effect of the CSR particles. Notably, at 0 and 0.1 phr foaming agent contents, the resistance to cleavage of the adhesives under the impact wedge–peel condition significantly improved with increasing CSR content. Thus, the CSR/epoxy composite foam adhesive containing 0.1 phr foaming agent and 20 phr CSR particles showed high impact resistance (EC = 34,000 mJ/cm2) and sufficient expansion ratio (~148%).

The Preparation of Microcellular Foam PP Reflective Film

2012 ◽  
Vol 468-471 ◽  
pp. 1078-1081
Author(s):  
Zhen Jiang Shi ◽  
Sheng Lin Yang ◽  
Jun Hong Jin ◽  
Guang Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Saturation Pressure ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Microcellular Foam ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Foaming Temperature

This work was aimed at manufacturing the microcellular foam polypropylene for the applications of reflective film with chemical foaming agent or supercritical carbon dioxide. The effects of processing conditions such as the composition of foaming agent during chemical process, the foaming temperature and saturation pressure in physical process on the microcellular structures and the reflectivity as well as the volume expansion ratio were investigated.

TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF IONIC SOLIDS

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2503-2509 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Thermal Expansivity ◽  
Temperature Derivative ◽  
Computing Model ◽  
Ionic Solids

The present paper proposes a computing model for temperature dependence of volume thermal expansivity, volume expansion ratio and second order temperature derivative of volume based on the assumption that the product αKT remains constant at high temperatures and zero pressure. We have taken NaCl and KCl to testify the validity of the present model. A fairly close agreement between the calculated results and experimental data strongly supports the present model.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Tungsten-Doped Vanadium Dioxide Using a Modified Polyol Method Involving 1-Dodecanol

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5384
Author(s):  
Yonghyun Lee ◽  
Sang Won Jung ◽  
Sang Hwi Park ◽  
Jung Whan Yoo ◽  
Juhyun Park
Keyword(s):  
Linear Growth ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Metal Insulator ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Modified Polyol Method ◽  
Optimal Mixing

The doping of tungsten into VO2 (M) via a polyol process that is based on oligomerization of ammonium metavanadate and ethylene glycol (EG) to synthesize a vanadyl ethylene glycolate (VEG) followed by postcalcination was carried out by simply adding 1-dodecanol and the tungsten source tungstenoxytetrachloride (WOCl4). Tungsten-doped VEGs (W-VEGs) and their calcinated compounds (WxVO2) were prepared with varying mixing ratios of EG to 1-dodecanol and WOCl4 concentrations. Characterizations of W-VEGs by powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and infrared and transmittance spectroscopy showed that tungsten elements were successfully doped into WxVO2, thereby decreasing the metal-insulator transition temperature from 68 down to 51 °C. Our results suggested that WOCl4 variously combined with 1-dodecanol might interrupt the linear growth of W-VEGs, but that such an interruption might be alleviated at the optimal 1:1 mixing ratio of EG to 1-dodecanol, resulting in the successful W doping. The difference in the solar modulations of a W0.0207VO2 dispersion measured at 20 and 70 °C was increased to 21.8% while that of a pure VO2 dispersion was 2.5%. It was suggested that WOCl4 coupled with both EG and 1-dodecanol at an optimal mixing ratio could improve the formation of W-VEG and WxVO2 and that the bulky dodecyl chains might act as defects to decrease crystallinity.

Analysis of Foaming Properties of Asphalt Binder Through a Laser Based Non-Contact Method

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswajit Kumar Bairgi ◽  
Rafiqul Tarefder
Keyword(s):  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
The United States ◽  
Warm Mix Asphalt ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Foaming Properties ◽  
Contact Method ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Foamed Asphalt

Water injected foamed asphalt application in warm mix asphalt (WMA) accounts for more than 90% of all WMA technologies in past several years in the United States (US). Among different asphalt foaming variables: foaming temperatures, foaming water content (FWC), and air pressure are the major controlling factors of foamed asphalt binder characteristics. Foaming induced binder volume expansion and durability of the expanded volume are two contributing factors of foamed asphalt binder properties and foamed mixtures workability. This study evaluates the effect of FWC on foamed asphalt binder properties through a non-contact method. A laser distance meter has been utilized to record the foaming induced binder volume expansion and subsequent foamed bubbles collapse rate. Recently developed four foaming parameters such as expansion ratio (ER), half-life (HL), foaming index (FI), and stability of semis-table foamed binder bubbles (k-values) have been evaluated to characterize foamed asphalt binder. It is seen that addition of higher FWC results in a higher expansion and durability of overall foamed bubbles. Foaming parameter analysis also shows that semi-stable foamed bubbles durability is fairly constant in higher FWCs. Foamed binder rheology is also found to be correlated with FWCs.

scholarly journals Strength and Water Purification Properties of Environment-Friendly Construction Material Produced with the (D)PAOs and Zeolite

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Il Jang ◽  
Byung-Jae Lee ◽  
Jong-Won Lee
Keyword(s):  
Water Purification ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Plain Concrete ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Porous Concrete ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Optimal Mixing ◽  
P Removal

The goal of this study was to improve the water purification performance of secondary concrete products that can be used in rivers and streams. To this end, mortar and porous concrete were produced by adding both de-nitrifying phosphate accumulating organisms ((D)PAOs) and zeolite, and their mechanical properties and water purification performance were analyzed. The compression strength test results showed that the strength was the highest when the mixing ratios of (D)PAOs and zeolite were set to 10% and 5%, respectively. For better contaminant adsorption, however, the optimal mixing ratio of zeolite was determined to be 10%. When the mixing ratio of (D)PAOs was set to 10%, the concentrations of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) decreased by 57.9% and 89.9%, respectively, after seven days of immersion when compared to the initial concentrations. When compared to plain porous concrete, the total nitrogen (T-N) and total phosphorus (T-P) removal ratios of the develop concrete were 11.0% and 17.8% higher, respectively. When the mixing ratios of (D)PAOs and zeolite were set to 10% for both, the T-N and T-P removal ratios were determined to be 86.3% and 88.1%, respectively, while the BOD and COD concentrations were 2.668 mg/L and 16.915 mg/L, respectively. In simpler terms, the water purification performance was up to 17% higher in the concrete mixed with both 10% (D)PAOs and 10% zeolite than in the concrete mixed with 10% (D)PAOs only. Overall, the optimal mixing ratios of (D)PAOs and zeolite to maximize the water purification effect of secondary concrete products while maintaining their strengths equivalent to or higher than those of their corresponding plain concrete products are considered to be 10% for both.

Study on Intrinsic Safety and Volume Expansion Ratio of Liquefied Gas Cylinder

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 2958-2963
Author(s):  
Zhong Yue ◽  
Xin Li Tian
Keyword(s):  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Great Volume ◽  
Gas Cylinder ◽  
Explosion Accidents ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gas Cylinders ◽  
Liquefied Gas ◽  
Intrinsic Safety

Overfilling or full liquid is the main cause of liquefied gas cylinder explosion accidents; great volume expansion ratio (VER) of cylinder can efficiently prevent explosion accidents arising from overfilling or full liquid. This paper studies the change in pressure in overfilled or full-liquid liquefied gas cylinders as a function of temperature and the relationship between temperature and VER, and puts forward measures of increasing the VER of liquefied gas cylinders.

Characteristics and Optimal Mixing Ratio of Tofu Ice Cream Made with Crushed Tofu and Soy Milk

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
Myeong-Chul Park ◽  
◽  
Yoon-Hwan Park ◽  
Hyun-Seok Kim ◽  
Moo-Yeol Baik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ice Cream ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Soy Milk ◽  
Optimal Mixing

Experimental study on sparking ignition engine performance for optimal mixing ratio of ethanol–gasoline blended fuels

2016 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 869-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Phuangwongtrakul ◽  
W. Wechsatol ◽  
T. Sethaput ◽  
K. Suktang ◽  
S. Wongwises
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Blended Fuels ◽  
Optimal Mixing
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