scholarly journals Seismic Performance of Ancient Masonry Structures in Korea Rediscovered in 2016 M 5.8 Gyeongju Earthquake

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heon-Joon Park ◽  
Jeong-Gon Ha ◽  
Se-Hyun Kim ◽  
Sang-Sun Jo
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Centrifuge Model ◽  
Historic Areas ◽  
Gyeongju Earthquake

The Gyeongju Historic Areas, which include the millennium-old capital of the Silla Kingdom, are located in the region most frequently affected by seismic events in the Korean peninsula. Despite the numerous earthquakes documented, most of the stone architectural heritage has retained their original forms. This study systematically reviews and categorises studies dealing with the seismic risk assessment of the architectural heritage of the historic areas. It applies research methodologies, such as the evaluation of the engineering characteristics of subsoil in architectural heritage sites, site-specific analysis of the ground motions in response to earthquake scenarios, geographic information system (GIS)-based seismic microzonation according to the geotechnical engineering parameters, reliability assessment of dynamic centrifuge model testing for stone masonry structures and evaluation of seismic behaviour of architectural heritage. The M 5.8 earthquake that hit Gyeongju on September 12, 2016 is analysed from an engineering point of view and the resulting damage to the stone architectural heritage is reported. The study focuses on Cheomseongdae, an astronomical observatory in Gyeongju, whose structural engineering received considerable attention since its seismic resistance was reported after the last earthquake. Dynamic centrifuge model tests applying the Gyeongju Earthquake motions are performed to prove that it is not a coincidence that Cheomseongdae, a masonry structure composed of nearly 400 stone members, survived numerous seismic events for over 1300 years. The structural characteristics of Cheomseongdae, such as the well-compacted filler materials in its lower part, rough inside wall in contrast to the smooth exterior, intersecting stone beams and interlocking headstones are proven to contribute to its overall seismic performance, demonstrating outstanding seismic design technology.

Seismic Performance of Stone Masonry Buildings Used in the Himalayan Belt

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1159-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qaisar Ali ◽  
Akhtar Naeem Khan ◽  
Mohammad Ashraf ◽  
Awais Ahmed ◽  
Bashir Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
Shake Table ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Shake Table Tests ◽  
Capacity Curves ◽  
Rubble Stone Masonry

Rubble-stone masonry structures are found abundantly in the Asian countries along the Himalayan range. Such structures are usually constructed in dry-stone masonry or are constructed in mud mortar, which makes them susceptible to damage and collapse in earthquakes. In order to study the seismic behavior of these structures, dynamic shake table tests on three reduced-scale rubble-stone masonry models were conducted. The models comprised a representative school building, a residential building, and a model incorporating simple cost-effective features in the form of horizontal and vertical reinforced concrete elements. This paper presents the results of shake table tests carried out on rubble-stone masonry buildings including: damage pattern, capacity curves, damage limit states, and response modification factors of these structures. Test data indicates that seismic performance of rubble-stone masonry structures can be significantly improved by incorporating cost-effective features such as vertical members and relatively thin horizontal bands.

Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Masonry Building from Ottoman Period in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2015 ◽  
pp. 734-764
Author(s):  
Mustafa Hrasnica ◽  
Amir Čaušević ◽  
Nerman Rustempašić
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Traditional Art ◽  
South East Europe ◽  
Structural Engineers ◽  
Scale Design

Traditional art of building in Bosnia and Herzegovina comprises brick or stone masonry structures. Most historical buildings belonging to national cultural heritage were made of stone-masonry. The country is situated in seismic active region of South-East Europe. In the case of strong earthquake motion such buildings could suffer heavy damages. Some structural elements of historical buildings, as domes and arches, cracked already by moderate earthquake but without the loss of stability. Substantial damages were caused by recent war disaster. Damages could be accumulated through the history as well. Generally, stone-masonry buildings in Bosnia and Herzegovina can be classified in vulnerability classes between A and C according to European Macroseismic Scale. Design and construction procedures for rehabilitation are presented here with examples of repair and strengthening of mosques, which present historical stone masonry structures dating from the Ottoman period in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Traditional and contemporary materials were used for their rehabilitation. It is important to preserve original forms, especially those of damaged elements. The challenge for structural engineers and architects was to find equilibrium between aesthetical and structural demands.

Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Masonry Building from Ottoman Period in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2019 ◽  
pp. 1142-1173
Author(s):  
Mustafa Hrasnica ◽  
Amir Čaušević ◽  
Nerman Rustempašić
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Traditional Art ◽  
South East Europe ◽  
Structural Engineers ◽  
Scale Design

Traditional art of building in Bosnia and Herzegovina comprises brick or stone masonry structures. Most historical buildings belonging to national cultural heritage were made of stone-masonry. The country is situated in seismic active region of South-East Europe. In the case of strong earthquake motion such buildings could suffer heavy damages. Some structural elements of historical buildings, as domes and arches, cracked already by moderate earthquake but without the loss of stability. Substantial damages were caused by recent war disaster. Damages could be accumulated through the history as well. Generally, stone-masonry buildings in Bosnia and Herzegovina can be classified in vulnerability classes between A and C according to European Macroseismic Scale. Design and construction procedures for rehabilitation are presented here with examples of repair and strengthening of mosques, which present historical stone masonry structures dating from the Ottoman period in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Traditional and contemporary materials were used for their rehabilitation. It is important to preserve original forms, especially those of damaged elements. The challenge for structural engineers and architects was to find equilibrium between aesthetical and structural demands.

Grout Injection Effect on the Shear Behavior of FRCM Strengthened Stone Masonry Panels

2019 ◽  
Vol 817 ◽  
pp. 552-559
Author(s):  
Francesca Ferretti ◽  
Andrea Incerti ◽  
Anna Rosa Tilocca ◽  
Claudio Mazzotti
Keyword(s):  
Shear Capacity ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Grout Injection ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Diagonal Compression ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Injection Effect

During the last decades, several seismic phenomena have shown the high vulnerability of existing stone masonry structures subject to horizontal actions. Innovative composite materials, such as Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM), can be adopted for the retrofitting of masonry structures. The use of these innovative FRCM systems is usually combined with a more traditional retrofitting technique: grout injection. It allows to restore or improve the transversal connection between wall leaves, ensuring a monolithic behavior of the structural element. The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of the quality of the grout injection on the shear response of FRCM strengthened stone masonry panels. Results from an experimental campaign, where stone masonry specimens were subject to diagonal compression tests, are therefore presented in this paper. Two samples were subject to grout injection and one of them was strengthened with Steel Reinforced Grout (SRG). Comparisons between the experimental results showed that grout injection alone, if correctly executed, could determine a significant improvement in the shear capacity of masonry panels. The application of the FRCM strengthening system could further enhance the behavior of the samples, especially influencing the failure mode. Comparisons with analytical formulations for the evaluation of the capacity of strengthened walls are also presented.

scholarly journals The use of approximate methods of seismic assessment of structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 03010
Author(s):  
Maria Basdeki ◽  
Argyro Drakakaki ◽  
Charis Apostolopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Corrosion Damage ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Seismic Evaluation ◽  
Approximate Methods ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Corrosion Factor ◽  
Masonry Tower

Greece is an earthquake prone area, which is also exposed to coastal environment. Most existing buildings present common characteristics, concerning quality of the materials and environmental conditions [1].The vulnerability of these structures is exteriorized under powerful seismic loads. This is because they were designed, according to older regulations, primarily to bear vertical loads and secondarily to bear horizontal loads, an indicative sign of the absence of anti-seismic design. Designing and evaluation of the seismic performance of existing structures is a really complex issue, because structural degradation phenomenon is related to both corrosion damage of steel reinforcement on RC structures and high vulnerability of masonry. Precisely, the inadequate seismic performance of masonry structures, which is recorded under intense earthquakes, is attributed to the characteristics of masonry and to the ageing phenomena of the materials. For the seismic inspection of masonry structures, both EC2 and OASP can be used [3], although there is often a great misunderstanding concerning the range of the maximum permissible interventions, the financial inability and modern perceptions of redesigning [2]. On the other hand, in the case of RC structures, there is no prediction –concerning the corrosion factor- included in the international regulations and standards. In the current study is presented an experimental procedure, concerning a RC column before and after corrosion. An estimation concerning the drop of its mechanical performance has taken place, indicating the importance of the corrosion factor. Additionally, an existing monumental masonry tower building, was subjected to seismic evaluation [4]. Both OASP and EC2 inspection methods were used. The results pointed out that, for medium–intensity earthquakes, both analytical and approximate methods are respectable and reliable.

Shaking Table Tests on Multi-Leaf Stone Masonry Structures: Analysis of Stiffness Decay

2010 ◽  
Vol 133-134 ◽  
pp. 647-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Mazzon ◽  
Cano M. Chavez ◽  
Maria Rosa Valluzzi ◽  
F. Casarin ◽  
Claudio Modena
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Shaking Table Tests ◽  
Grout Injection ◽  
Hydraulic Lime ◽  
Natural Hydraulic Lime ◽  
Before And After

The influence of the natural hydraulic lime-based grout on the dynamic behaviour of injected multi-leaf stone masonry elements is discussed in the paper. Shaking table experiments on two stone masonry buildings, tested before and after grout injection, have been performed. The paper focuses on the analysis of both the recorded accelerations and related displacements, at the bottom and at each further storey. This leads to evaluate the stiffness of the unstrengthened and injected structures. The input at increasing PGA allowed the stiffness decay to be studied, simulating a gradual damaging of the structures. These results were also interpreted in the light of both computed frequencies and mode shapes. Finally, the comparison among these results, obtained from all the models, allows to deepen the knowledge concerning the effects induced by the lime-based grout injection and on its capability to modify the dynamic behaviour, when intervening on a damaged (repairing) or on an undamaged (strengthening) structure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document