scholarly journals High-Speed Railway and City Tourism in China: A Quasi-Experimental Study on HSR Operation

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinshuo Hou
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
City Size ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
City Tourism ◽  
Quasi Experimental

This paper aims to provide an examination of the general and heterogeneous allowed treatment effects of high-speed rail (HSR) on tourism in cities in China. Based on the implementation of a generalized difference-in-differences (GDID) model and a dose–response (DR) assessment under a quasi-experimental background, this study found significant evidence of a positive average effect of HSR operation on tourism development for both domestic and international tourism. The event study indicates that the counterfactual method implied in this paper is valid, since the parallel trend assumption is confirmed, and the treatment effect of HSR on city tourism has an upwardly increasing trend over time. The heterogeneity test, which separates large cities from medium-sized and small cities, shows that the effect is quite different for the two city types; the effect is not optimistic for large cities, but it is consistently positive for medium-sized and small cities. As an original contribution, this paper conducts a DR study, allowing heterogeneous treatment effects to be captured when cities have different HSR development statuses. This novel method relaxes the strong assumption that there is only one effect level on average for all cities. The results argue that cities with higher HSR development will enjoy more benefits in terms of arrivals and revenues both from home and abroad; however, there are significant differences for the two city groups, as well as for domestic and international tourism. Thus, the findings can offer important information for policy decision making and serve as a valuable reference for research, especially regarding the conclusion drawn from the heterogeneity effect based on city size and HSR development status.

The Impact of High-Speed Rail on the Spatial Structure of Chinese Urban Agglomerations

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-397
Author(s):  
Chunyang Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
River Delta ◽  
City Size ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Spatial Systems ◽  
Economic Concentration ◽  
The Impact

This paper measures the spatial evolution of urban agglomerations to understand be er the impact of high-speed rail (HSR) construction, based on panel data from fi ve major urban agglomerations in China for the period 2004–2015. It is found that there are signi ficant regional diff erences of HSR impacts. The construction of HSR has promoted population and economic diff usion in two advanced urban agglomerations, namely the Yang e River Delta and Pearl River Delta, while promoting population and economic concentration in two relatively less advanced urban agglomerations, e.g. the middle reaches of the Yang e River and Chengdu–Chongqing. In terms of city size, HSR promotes the economic proliferation of large cities and the economic concentration of small and medium-sized cities along its routes. HSR networking has provided a new impetus for restructuring urban spatial systems. Every region should optimize the industrial division with strategic functions of urban agglomeration according to local conditions and accelerate the construction of inter-city intra-regional transport network to maximize the eff ects of high-speed rail across a large regional territory.

scholarly journals Does High-Speed Rail Influence Urban Dynamics and Land Pricing?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 3012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panrawee Rungskunroch ◽  
Yuwen Yang ◽  
Sakdirat Kaewunruen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
City Development ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Practical Factors

At present, many countries around the world have significantly invested in sustainable transportation systems, especially for high-speed rail (HSR) infrastructures, since they are believed to improve economies, and regenerate regional and business growth. In this study, we focus on economic growth, dynamic land use, and urban mobility. The emphasis is placed on testing a hypothesis about whether HSRs can enable socio-economic development. Real case studies using big data from large cities in China, namely Shanghai province and Minhang districts, are taken into account. Socio-technical information such as employment rate, property pricing, and agglomeration in the country’s economy is collected from the China Statistics Bureau and the China Academy of Railway Sciences for analyses. This research aims to re-examine practical factors resulting from HSR’s impact on urban areas by using ANOVA analysis and dummy variable regression to analyse urban dynamics and property pricing. In addition, this study enhances the prediction outcomes that lead to urban planning strategies for the business area. The results reveal that there are various effects (i.e., regional accessibility, city development plans, and so on) required to enable the success of HSR infrastructure in order to enrich urban dynamics and land pricing. This paper also highlights critical perspectives towards sustainability, which are vital to social and economic impacts. In addition, this study provides crucial perspectives on sustainable developments for future HSR projects.

scholarly journals Association of High-Speed Rail and Tuberculosis Transmission in Newly Integrated Regions: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from China

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahong Liu ◽  
Chengxiang Tang ◽  
Tao Bu ◽  
Daisheng Tang
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Tuberculosis Transmission ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: The spread of tuberculosis (TB) is related to changes in the social network among the population and people’s social interactions. High-speed railway (HSR) fundamentally changed the integrated market across cities in China. This paper aims to examine the impact of HSR on TB transmission in newly integrated areas.Methods: By exploiting the opening and operation of the first HSR in Sichuan province as a quasi-natural experiment, we have collected and used the economic, social, and demographic data of 183 counties in Sichuan province from 2013 to 2016.Results: The new HSR line is associated with a 4.790 increase in newly diagnosed smear-positive TB cases per 100,000 people among newly integrated areas. On average, an additional increase of 34.178 newly diagnosed smear-positive TB cases occur every year in counties (or districts) covered by the new HSR.Conclusion: HSR development has significantly contributed to the transmission of TB. The public health system in China needs to pay more attention to the influences of new, mass public transportation.

scholarly journals The Impact of High-Speed Rail Opening on City Economics along the Silk Road Economic Belt

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Li ◽  
Yang Su ◽  
Jiaping Xie ◽  
Weijun Zhu ◽  
Yahua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
Silk Road Economic Belt ◽  
The Impact

Achieving transport connectivity is a priority in China’s “Belt and Road Initiative”. In order to further understand the impact of railway infrastructure on city-level economic expansion, we set cities with high-speed rail as the treatment group and those without high-speed rail as the control group, and a difference-in-differences (DID) technique was used to estimate the growth impact and heterogeneity of high-speed rail opening on the economic growth of cities along the New Silk Road Economic Belt. The main results are as follows: First, economic growth in cities with operational high-speed rail lines was significantly higher than those without high-speed rail. Second, the impact of high-speed rail on economic growth exhibited distinct heterogeneity. Large cities tend to have a stronger siphoning effect, resulting in more pronounced impact of high-speed rail opening on urban economic growth. Third, cities with higher marketization levels and higher government efficiency were shown to have stronger economic growth effect.

City Size and Ethnic Discrimination: Michigan Agricultural Implements and Iron Working Industries, 1890

1982 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Underhill Hannon
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
City Size ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Small City ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Labor Management ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Apparent Paradox ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Iron Working

Late nineteenth-century immigrants tended to concentrate in large cities despite the fact that they experienced less occupational mobility there than they did in small cities. This paper suggests that variation across cities in labor management systems and in the associated froms of discrimination may help to explain this apparent paradox. Analysis of data from Michigan's agricultural implements and iron-working industries in 1890 indicates that discrimination in hiring made it more difficult for immigrants to break into the small-city labor force. But in large cities, immigrant mobility was restricted by discriminatory barriers to entry into higher level jobs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of China’s High-Speed Rail Station Development and Nearby Human Activity Based on Nighttime Light Images

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 557
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Du ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Yongxue Liu ◽  
Weifeng Zhi ◽  
Wanyun Lu
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nighttime Light

High-speed rail (HSR) represents China’s advancing productivity; however, quite a few HSR stations face problems due to inappropriate planning and limited passenger flow. To optimize future planning on HSR lines and stations and facilitate efficient operation, we used brightness as a representative of station development and nearby human activity, analyzing its spatial and temporal distribution, classification categories, and influencing factors of 980 stations using nighttime light images from 2012 to 2019. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) There are 41 stations with high brightness between 80 and 320 nW·cm−2·sr−1, which are concentrated in provincial capitals, large cities, and at line ends. The overall number of these stations increases by 57% in the past eight years. (2) Stations with high brightness but minimal changes that opened in 2013–2019 are mainly concentrated in provincial capitals and large- or medium-sized cities, and those with high brightness and significant changes are mostly new stations nearby. More than 70% of stations that started HSR operation before or in 2012 have high brightness. (3) Brightness positively correlates with the number of daily trains, and it changes faster at stations with more daily trains. It changes most within 0–1 year after HSR operation opening and exhibits a relatively slow but long-term increase over the next 2–6 years.

scholarly journals Two sides of the economic effects of high-speed rail construction on small and medium-sized cities and its countermeasures

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Li
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
The Way

With the opening of high-speed rail since 2008,China has entered the era of high-speed rail.The rapid development of high-speed rail has effectively broken through the bottleneck of insufficient capacity in China,which has produced a host of positive effects and made great contributions to China’s economic development.However,the research shows that the rapid development of high-speed rail construction is greatly beneficial to the large cities,but its impact on small and medium-sized cities along the way is yet to be discussed.Therefore,it is necessary to explore the economic effects of high-speed rail construction on small and mediumsized cities and effectively deal with the negative impact brought by high-speed rail.

Size and urban growth of Chinese cities during the era of transformation toward a market economy

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengri Ding ◽  
Zhi Li
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Method ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Floating Population ◽  
City Size ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
Population Counts

The paper examines the growth of Chinese cities at prefecture level or above by first applying a non-parametric method. Kernel regression of the mean of growth rate conditional on city size reveals a U-shaped relationship between city growth and size, and rejects Gibrat’s law. That is to say that large cities take the form of divergent growth while small cities are convergent to each other. This U-shaped growth–size relationship holds for the registered ( hukou) population in 1989–2012 as well as for the permanent population in 1999–2012. Furthermore, our results show that the growth of large cities becomes more divergent using the permanent population than using the hukou population, whereas the growth of small cities becomes less convergent. The permanent population counts a portion of floating population, so it is then concluded that rural–urban migrants move to large cities disproportionately, making large cities grow faster than small cities. Estimated results from rank–size OLS regression confirm the divergent growth of large cities, and, at the same time, reject the notion of random growth of Chinese cities (which is also supported by panel root tests). Our findings have profound policy implications. The national strategy of urbanization that stresses the growth control of mega and super-big cities has had no effect in the past and may continue to be ineffective in shaping the urbanization trajectory in China in the next couple of decades. Sustainable urbanization will depend largely on whether and how well big Chinese cities prepare themselves in accommodating fast growth.

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