scholarly journals Does Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture Contribute to Household Food Security? An Assessment of the Food Security Status of Households in Tongaat, eThekwini Municipality

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nolwazi Khumalo ◽  
Melusi Sibanda
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Food Shortages

Regardless of the steady increase in the economic growth of South Africa, poverty levels and food insecurity have not declined as one would have anticipated. Urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) presents an opportunity as a livelihood strategy to alleviate poverty and ensure household food security within the urban and peri-urban spheres. However, less research has been done in this area to discover the contribution of UPA on households’ food security. This paper assesses the food security status of households that practised any form of UPA activities (later on referred to the rest of this paper as UPA practising households) and those that did not (later on referred to the rest of this paper as non-UPA practising households) within the Tongaat peri-urban area of eThekwini Municipality. The specific objectives of the paper are to estimate the household food security status of the UPA practising households vis-à-vis the non-UPA practising households and to elicit the reasons associated with the practice of UPA activities. Two hundred and eight (208) households (that is 109 and 99 UPA and non-UPA practising households respectively) were selected using a stratified random sampling procedure. The Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) and Household Food Insecurity Access Score (HFIAS) measures were employed to estimate a household’s food security status. A probit regression analysis was used to elicit the reasons associated with the practice of UPA activities by households. A non-parametric independent samples test (Mann-Whitney U) was used to compare whether there were significant differences between the two groups. A Pearson Chi-Square test reveals that the employment status, access to arable land, land tenure (ownership rights or arable land) and household monthly income variables were statistically significantly associated with the food security status (in terms of HDDS) of households. The results from the HDDS tool, show that a greater proportion (54%) of the UPA practising households consumed >6 food groups (deemed to be food secure in terms of dietary access) as compared to their counterparts, the non-UPA practising households (40%) in the same food group. However, the Mann-Whitney U test (U = 5292, p = 0.808) show that there was no significant difference from this data in terms of the dietary diversity (HDDS) of the two groups. The HFIAS measure reveal that a greater proportion (about 72%) of the UPA practising households indicated that they never or rarely worried about food shortages (deemed to be food secure in terms of food access) as compared to their counterparts—the non-UPA practising households (about 61%) that never or rarely worried about food shortages. The Mann-Whitney U test (U = 4118.5, p = 0.001) show that there was a significant difference in terms of food access (HFIAS) of the two groups. Overall, the results show that although UPA practising households seemed to be better off in terms of food access as compared to the non-UPA households, the results are inconclusive or show no evidence that a significant difference existed concerning dietary diversity of the two groups. The probit regression analysis shows that the variable arable land size (p = 0.000) has a positive correlation with the practice of any UPA activity. In order for UPA to enhance the household food security status (particularly in terms of dietary diversity) within the peri-urban spheres, an integrated approach (with agricultural land support from government and city planners) together with the diversification of high-value UPA activities by households is paramount.

scholarly journals Household Food Security Status and Its Determinants in Maphumulo Local Municipality, South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Primrose Ngema ◽  
Melusi Sibanda ◽  
Lovemore Musemwa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Food Security Status

Food security at the household level remains a major issue in South Africa and for many other developing countries, particularly those in Africa. As a means of ensuring food security in KwaZulu-Natal province, various food security intervention programmes were launched. Nonetheless, food security remains an issue among households in the province. This paper estimates the household food security status of the “One Home One Garden” (OHOG) beneficiaries against that of non-beneficiaries and assesses the determinants of household food security status in Maphumulo. A stratified random sampling technique was used to sample 495 households (including 330 OHOG beneficiaries and 165 non-beneficiaries). The status of household food security was estimated by means of a “Household Dietary Diversity Score” (HDDS). Additionally, a Household Food Consumption Score” (HFCS) tool was employed to supplement the HDDS. The results showed that food consumption patterns were characterized by medium (4.89) and average (4.22) HDDS for the OHOG beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries, respectively. Taking HDDS as a proxy for household food security, an independent samples t-test (Levene’s test—equal variances assumed) reveals a significant (p < 0.001) relationship between the sample means of the two groups. A greater proportion (65%) of the OHOG beneficiaries had an acceptable (≥35) HFCS level, whereas just over half (54%) of the non-beneficiaries fell in the borderline (21.5 to 35) HFCS level. The determinants of household food security status were elicited by means of a binary logistic regression model. The results revealed that education (p = 0.036), receiving infrastructural support (irrigation) (p = 0.001), and participation in the OHOG programme (p = 0.000) positively influenced the food security status of households, yet household income (p = 0.000) and access to credit (p = 0.002) showed a negative correlation. This paper proposes that government and developmental agencies, in their efforts to enhance food security through food security intervention programmes, should support households by investing in education and agricultural infrastructure, as well as giving priority to smallholder infrastructural irrigation support for households that largely rely on rain-fed systems.

scholarly journals Exploring Food Security and Household Dietary Diversity in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1851
Author(s):  
Priviledge Cheteni ◽  
Yohane Khamfula ◽  
Gisele Mah
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Binary Model ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Food Consumption Score ◽  
Household Dietary Diversity

Food security is one of the most severe challenges facing the majority of African countries. The objective of this study was to explore household food dietary diversity and food security in a rural area in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. A total of 296 household heads were randomly sampled to participate in the study. The Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) and Household Food Consumption Score (HFCS) were used to identify the consumption patterns of the households and their food security status. Meanwhile, a binary model was used to identify the variables that had an impact on household food security. Findings from the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) revealed that 61 percent of the households had lower dietary diversity and were consuming at least three food groups, which mainly include pulses, milk, and cereals. The results from the Household Food Consumption Score (HFCS), however, showed that the majority of the households had adequate levels of food consumption. The binary model revealed that age, household income, access to credit, and gender are statistically significant in influencing household food security status in the study area. It can be concluded that household dietary diversity is not guaranteed by food security, as proven by the regression model. Therefore, the government should consider the impact of low income on food security and it should intensify efforts directed at helping rural households to reduce incidences of food insecurity.

The Effect of Mexican Household Food Security Status and Income Distribution on Food Access

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Mireya Vilar-Compte ◽  
Ana Bernal-Stuart ◽  
Sebastián Sandoval-Olascoaga ◽  
Ana Bertha Pérez-Lizaur
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Food Security Status

scholarly journals Exploring the Relationship Between Attendance at USDA Summer Food Service Program Sites and Baseline Household Food Security Status: Results from the Project SWEAT Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 204-204
Author(s):  
Laura Hopkins ◽  
Cara Pannell ◽  
Carolyn Gunther
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Service Program ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives Explore the relationship between attendance at USDA Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) sites and baseline household food security status. Methods Two elementary schools in low-income urban neighborhoods of Columbus, OH were recruited. Families with children at these schools in grades pre-kindergarten through fifth were invited to participate. Caregivers completed a demographic survey at the end of school year 1 (baseline [t0]). Household food security was assessed at t0 using the USDA 6-item Short Form Food Security Module and based on responses participants were categorized as living in high marginal food security (HMFS), low food security (LFS), or very low food security (VLFS) households. Child attendance at USDA SFSP sites was collected via weekly text messages to caregivers using the online TextIt© platform. ANOVA was conducted to determine differences in attendance level by household food security status. Results 113 children representing 78 families enrolled. Mean age was 7.10 ± 0.21 yr, 79.65% were African American, 72.73% were low-income, and mean annual income was $28,222. Approximately 27% of families (n = 21) reported living in LFS (n = 10, 14.82%) or VLFS (n = 11, 12.10%) households. Overall mean attendance at summer programming was 10.40 ± 1.43 days (out of 50 possible days) and attendance by household food security status was 10.51 ± 1.61 (HMFS), 19.00 ± 6.15 (LFS), and 5.70 ± 2.85 (VLFS) days with a significant difference (P = 0.04) between LFS and VLFS households. Conclusions Children in VLFS (vs HMFS and LFS) households, who are at increased risk for hunger during the summertime window of risk, are attending sites offering the USDA SFSP least frequently. Future research and programmatic efforts should be targeted at children from the most vulnerable households to ensure food security during the summertime window of risk. Funding Sources USDA NC-NECE.

scholarly journals SNAP Participation Moderates the Association Between Household Food Insecurity and A1c Among Cambodian Americans With Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 105-105
Author(s):  
Angela Bermudez-Millan ◽  
Richard Feinn ◽  
Chelsey Hahn ◽  
Shanjida Arbie Jui ◽  
S. Megan D. Berthold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Cambodian Americans ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objectives We tested whether participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) moderated the relation between household food security status and HbA1c, the gold standard measure of glycemic control, among Cambodian Americans with depression enrolled in a diabetes prevention trial. Methods Participants had elevated risk factors for type 2 diabetes and elevated depressive symptoms; recruits were excluded for extant diabetes. Community health workers assessed household food security status and SNAP participation via in-person interview. HbA1c levels from venous blood samples were ascertained using direct enzymatic assay. Results Among respondents (n = 189), 19% were food insecure, 41% received SNAP benefits, and mean HbA1c = 5.5%. There was a significant interaction between SNAP and food insecurity. HbA1c was highest among participants without SNAP who were food insecure. Simple effects analysis revealed a significant difference within the no SNAP group [Mean (SD) HbA1c: Secure = 5.38 (0.38), Insecure = 5.78 (0.36)] and no difference within the SNAP group [Secure = 5.61(0.44), Insecure = 5.61(0.55)]. Differences remained significant after controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical indicators. Conclusions SNAP may protect against the deleterious association between household food insecurity and elevated HbA1c. Funding Sources R01-DK103663 to Dr. Julie Wagner.

scholarly journals Enhancing cultural food security among the Syilx Okanagan adults with the reintroduction of Okanagan Sockeye salmon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanne Blanchet ◽  
Noreen Willows ◽  
Suzanne Johnson ◽  
Okanagan Nation Salmon Reintroduction Initiatives ◽  
Malek Batal
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Perceived Importance

For the Syilx Okanagan Nation, food sovereignty is foundational to ensuring their cultural food security and health. Salmon being a central Syilx food, the Nation has worked relentlessly since the 1990s to reintroduce Okanagan Sockeye salmon into their traditional territory. This study describes the reach of this initiative and assesses its impact on Syilx households’ income-related and cultural household food security status. In total, 265 households participated in the study. Overall, 48.6% of participants ate Okanagan Sockeye salmon during the year prior to the survey. Most participants (89.1%) reported that during the prior year their household accessed salmon from a community member or through trade (53.7%), community program (49.8%), a feast or ceremony (35.8%), or household harvest (27.2%). The number of ways that households accessed salmon was associated with a greater frequency of salmon consumption (p<0.0001). Income-related (46.5%) and cultural (63.1%) food insecurity were prevalent. Households’ access to salmon was significantly associated with cultural food security and the perceived importance of cultural food security. This study suggests Indigenous food sovereignty initiatives can increase traditional food access and consumption, thereby enhancing cultural food security. They should be supported by governments, organizations and corporations. Novelty points ●Indigenous food sovereignty initiatives can increase traditional food access and consumption, thereby enhancing cultural food security. ●Indigenous-led wild habitat restoration interventions can help reconcile past social and environmental injustices.

scholarly journals Determinants of Household Dietary Diversity in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Fahima Sumaiya Laskar ◽  
Muntaha Rakib
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Household Dietary Diversity

Dietary diversity is considered crucial for household welfare and also for carrying out other development activities. The emerging interest in household dietary diversity against dietary quantity presents an opportunity to estimate household food security. Based on secondary data, probit regression model was used to estimate the determinants of household dietary diversity in Bangladesh. The result suggests that household size, literacy of household head, total amount of land, married household head, total amount of remittance received and income of household head were major determinants in attainment of high dietary diversity. Government policies and intervention programs targeting the above variables may improve household dietary diversity which in turn may improve household food security.

Food Security Status and Factors Affecting Household Food Security in Enugu State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 565-581
Author(s):  
Wilson Chukwukasi Kassy ◽  
Anne C Ndu ◽  
Chinyere Cecilia Okeke ◽  
Elisa Chwike Aniwada
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Enugu State

scholarly journals Measuring household food security: the global experience

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (suppl) ◽  
pp. 27s-37s ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Melgar-Quinonez ◽  
Michelle Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
New Research

Measuring household food insecurity represents a challenge due to the complexity and wide array of factors associated with this phenomenon. For over one decade, researchers and agencies throughout the world have been using and assessing the validity of variations of the United States Department of Agriculture Household Food Security Supplemental Module. Thanks to numerous studies of diverse design, size, and purpose, the Household Food Security Supplemental Module has shown its suitability to directly evaluate the perceptions of individuals on their food security status. In addition, challenges and limitations are becoming clearer and new research questions are emerging as the process advances. The purpose of this article is to describe the development, validation procedures, and use of the Household Food Security Supplemental Module in very diverse settings. The most common Household Food Security Supplemental Module related studies have been conducted using criterion validity, Rasch modeling and Cronbach-Alpha Coefficient. It is critical that researchers, policy makers, governmental and non-governmental agencies intensify their efforts to further develop tools that provide valid and reliable measures of food security in diverse population groups. Additional work is needed to synthesize a universally applicable tool able to capture the global human phenomenon of food insecurity.

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