scholarly journals Nutrition Labeling Schemes and the Time and Effort of Consumer Processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Alonso-Dos-Santos ◽  
René Quilodrán Ulloa ◽  
Álvaro Salgado Quintana ◽  
Diego Vigueras Quijada ◽  
Pablo Farías Nazel
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Labeling ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Warning Messages ◽  
Daily Amount ◽  
Labeling Schemes ◽  
The World ◽  
Processing Effort ◽  
Labeling Scheme

Guideline Daily Amount (GDA) and nutrition tables are the most used front-of-pack (FOP) nutrition labeling schemes in the world; however, they are hard to process considering the nutritional knowledge, effort, and time needed for interpretation. Consumers spend little time and effort evaluating food products. Consumers are selective, and FOP nutrition labeling schemes should be too. Recent studies have shown that warning messages—a new FOP nutrition labeling scheme—improves consumers’ ability to correctly identify less-healthy products. This study proposes that warning messages are also easier to process. Using eye-tracking, this study demonstrates that warning messages require less processing effort and time than GDA and nutrition tables. This study also shows that females process warning messages easier than males. Additionally, this study found no significant differences between physically active and inactive consumers in their processing of warning messages. The results are robust across product categories and brands.

Efficient Identification of Structural Relationships for XML Queries using Secure Labeling Schemes

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sankari ◽  
S. Bose
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Data Representation ◽  
Sibling Relationship ◽  
Object Model ◽  
Labeling Schemes ◽  
Structural Relationships ◽  
Xml Document ◽  
The World ◽  
Labeling Scheme ◽  
Better Than

XML emerged as a de-facto standard for data representation and information exchange over the World Wide Web. By utilizing document object model (DOM), XML document can be viewed as XML DOM tree. Nodes of an XML tree are labeled to uniquely identify every node by following a labeling scheme. This paper proposes a method to efficiently identify the two structural relationships namely document order (DO) and sibling relationship that exist between the XML nodes using two secure labeling schemes specifically enhanced Dewey coding (EDC) and secure Dewey coding (SDC). These structural relationships influence the performance of XML queries so they need to be identified in efficient time. This paper implements the method to identify DO and sibling relationship using EDC and SDC labels for various real-time XML documents. Experiment results show the identification of DO and sibling relationship using SDC labels performs better than EDC labels for processing XML queries.

scholarly journals An Extended Study on Training and Physical Exercise in Esports

2019 ◽  
pp. 270-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuomas Kari ◽  
Miia Siutila ◽  
Veli-Matti Karhulahti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Qualitative Interview ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
The World ◽  
Survey Sample ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
High Level ◽  
Positive Effect

This chapter is an extended revision of the authors' earlier study (2016) on the training routines of professional and high-level esport players, with added focus on their physical exercise. The study is methodologically mixed with a quantitative survey sample (n=115) and a qualitative interview sample (n=7). Based on this data, high-level esport players train approximately 5.28 hours every day around the year, and professional esport players at least the same amount. Approximately 1.08 hours of that training is physical exercise. More than half (55.6%) of the professional and high-level esport players believe that integrating physical exercise into their training programs has a positive effect on esport performance; however, no less than 47.0% do the physical exercise chiefly to maintain their overall state of health. Accordingly, the study indicates that professional and high-level esport players are physically active as well: those of age 18 and older exercising more than three times the daily 21-minute physical activity recommendation given by the World Health Organization.

scholarly journals Design of a Labeling Scheme for 32-QAM Delayed Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3528
Author(s):  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Liang Zhou ◽  
Junyi Du ◽  
Yue Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Channel Capacity ◽  
Time Slot ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Coded Modulation ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Information Rate ◽  
Labeling Schemes ◽  
Labeling Scheme ◽  
Bit Interleaved Coded Modulation

It is very challenging to design the capacity-approaching labeling schemes for large constellations, such as 32-QAM, in delayed bit-interleaved coded modulation (DBICM). In this paper, we investigate the labeling design for 32-QAM DBICM with various numbers of bits delayed by one time slot. In particular, we aim to obtain the labeling schemes with a high DBICM channel capacity by searching the possible labeling schemes. To reduce the search space of the candidate labeling schemes, we propose the criteria that are necessary for good labeling. Based on the proposed criteria, a three-step search algorithm is proposed to obtain the candidate labeling efficiently. Numerical results demonstrate that the DBICM with our proposed labeling scheme can approach the capacity of 32-QAM within 0.015 dB at an information rate greater than 2.5 bits/symbol.

scholarly journals Organic food consumption by athletes in Lithuania

Open Medicine ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Baranauskas ◽  
Rimantas Stukas ◽  
Linas Tubelis ◽  
Kęstutis Žagminas ◽  
Genė Šurkienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
The World ◽  
Sports Team ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Organic Food Consumption

AbstractBackground: With environmental pollution increasing, interest in organic farming and organic foodstuffs has been growing all over the world. Data on organic food consumption by Lithuanian athletes is not yet available. This lack of data determined the aim of this study: to identify the particulars of organic foodstuff consumption among athletes. Methods: In September–November 2012, we polled 158 of the best-performing athletes of the Olympic sports team through direct interviews. An approved questionnaire was used to identify the specifics of organic foodstuff consumption among athletes. Results: The survey results showed that 97% of athletes consume organic foodstuffs, and 80% of athletes highlighted the positive impact of organic food on health. Nevertheless, a slim majority of athletes (51.7%) consume organic foodstuffs seldomly, 2–3 times per week. The range of organic foodstuffs consumed depends on the gender of athletes, and the consumption of some products depends on monthly incomes. Conclusions: Survey results confirm the need for the production and expansion of the variety of organic foodstuffs. In the course of the development of the organic food market, it should be beneficial for manufacturers to target high-performance athletes and physically active people.

scholarly journals How I Grow: Months Five and Six

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2003 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Millie Ferrer ◽  
Keith Gouin ◽  
Anne M. Fugate
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Extension ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Great Time ◽  
The World

Welcome to another fascinating stage in your baby’s development. At this age, babies are very happy and sociable, and much more physically active. You will see your baby’s interest in his surroundings grow. Your baby will respond more to people and objects. What a great time to be a parent! Your baby is developing a strong curiosity about the world around him. Parents who lovingly attend to their baby’s needs help him develop physically, socially, emotionally, and intellectually. This document is FCS2219, one of a series of the Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, UF/IFAS, Gainesville, FL 32611. First published: August 2003.

scholarly journals VENDING IN THE CONVENTION OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC EXPERIENCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Biliavska Yu. ◽  
Mykytenko N.
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Product Management ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Vending Machines ◽  
The World ◽  
Business Efficiency ◽  
New Generation

The article is devoted to the essence and specifics of such a modern form of trade organization as vending. It has been proven that in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, trade through vending machines acquires special importance as a safe contactless technology of public service. Today, in a pandemic and rapid changes in retail, category and product management is more important than ever. There are significant changes in the activities of trade enterprises due to the fact that the way of thinking of consumers has become different. In response to these unprecedented shifts in consumer demand, retailers need to prioritize effective adaptation to changes in their product range and store space planning. The world experience of vending machines application is researched and the assortment of vending pro-ducts in the world is reviewed. The tendencies of development of vending business in the context of volume and structure of the domestic market are estimated, and also locations of vending machines and regional distribution of vending business in Ukraine are investigated. The analysis of advantages and limitations of domestic vending business under modern conditions is carried out. Prospects for further development of vending in Ukraine in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic are also outlined. These types of changes are best done with vending. Management of product categories in vending machines should play a critical role, as responding to changes in consumer demand is a key element of business efficiency. Recently, we have seen large fluctuations in consumer demand, as basic goods, immune boosters, hygiene, anti-virus and safety products are given priority, while luxury goods are relegated to the background. The different types of vending machines can be categorized into product-oriented and serviceoriented machines. Product-oriented vending machines offer both cold and hot food as well as nonfood items. Vending has become a kind of communication language of the new generation between producers and retailers in the field of consumer goods, which allows to meet the needs of consumers in the most efficient way.Keywords: vending, vending machines, vending market, vending operators, contactless technologies, pandemic, COVID-19. У статті визначено сутність та специфіка такої сучасної форми організації торгівлі, як вендинг. Доведено, що за умов пандемії COVID-19 торгівля через торговельні автомати набуває особливої важливості як безпечна безконтактна технологія обслуговування населення. Досліджено світовий досвід застосування вендингових автоматів та зроблено огляд асортименту вендингової продукції в світі. Оцінено тенденції розвитку вендингового бізнесу в розрізі обсягу та структури вітчизняного ринку, а також досліджено місця розташування торгових автоматів та регіональний розподіл вендингового бізнесу в Україні. Проведено аналіз переваг та обмежень вітчизняного вендингового бізнесу за сучасних умов. Також окреслено перспективи подальшого розвитку вендингу в Україні за умов пандемії COVID-19.Ключові cлова: вендинг, торговельні автомати, вендинговий ринок, вендинг-оператори, безконтактні технології, пандемія, COVID-19.

scholarly journals An Extended Study on Training and Physical Exercise in Esports

2021 ◽  
pp. 716-733
Author(s):  
Tuomas Kari ◽  
Miia Siutila ◽  
Veli-Matti Karhulahti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Qualitative Interview ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
The World ◽  
Survey Sample ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
High Level ◽  
Positive Effect

This chapter is an extended revision of the authors' earlier study (2016) on the training routines of professional and high-level esport players, with added focus on their physical exercise. The study is methodologically mixed with a quantitative survey sample (n=115) and a qualitative interview sample (n=7). Based on this data, high-level esport players train approximately 5.28 hours every day around the year, and professional esport players at least the same amount. Approximately 1.08 hours of that training is physical exercise. More than half (55.6%) of the professional and high-level esport players believe that integrating physical exercise into their training programs has a positive effect on esport performance; however, no less than 47.0% do the physical exercise chiefly to maintain their overall state of health. Accordingly, the study indicates that professional and high-level esport players are physically active as well: those of age 18 and older exercising more than three times the daily 21-minute physical activity recommendation given by the World Health Organization.

‘They embrace you virtually’: The internet as a tool for social support for people with ALS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Wicks
Keyword(s):  
Support Groups ◽  
Online Community ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Peer Network ◽  
The World ◽  
New Form

People with ALS may feel lonely, isolated, and bereft of information. Although professionals provide support, their time is in short supply and patients only see them periodically. For many decades there has been a tradition of face-to-face support groups to offer help to patients and caregivers in their local communities, but these have limitations. In recent years a new form of community has arisen, the online community. A relatively small evidence base suggests they may help patients and caregivers to be better informed, receive psychosocial support, and regain a peer network even as their ability to communicate and be physically active in the world diminishes. There are risks, however, such as misinformation, vulnerability to scams, and harms that might arise from becoming too involved in the disease at the exclusion of other facets of their lives. As mainstream social networks such as Facebook become dominant, the landscape will evolve rapidly.

scholarly journals Chile – price band system and safeguard measures relating to certain agricultural products

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
KYLE BAGWELL ◽  
ALAN O. SYKES
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Band System ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Oil Seeds ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Safeguard Measures ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Gatt 1994

This paper addresses the dispute brought to the World Trade Organization (WTO) by Argentina concerning certain Chilean measures affecting the importation of wheat, wheat flour, oil seeds, edible vegetable oils and sugar. The complaint by Argentina challenged two types of policies – a ‘price band system’ that was applicable to four of those product categories, and safeguard measures that were applicable to three of them. The WTO panel ruled in favor of Argentina on both sets of measures. It found that the price band system violated Article IV of the Agriculture Agreement and Article II of GATT 1994. The safeguard measures, according to the panel, violated various provisions of the Safeguards Agreement, as well as Article XIX of GATT 1994. Chile elected not to appeal the panel ruling regarding the safeguard measures, but did appeal the adverse finding as to the price band system. The Appellate Body subsequently affirmed in substantial part the finding that the price band system violated Article 4 of the Agriculture Agreement, but reversed the finding of a violation under Article II of GATT 1994. Chile has since indicated an intention to comply with the ruling, and an arbitration pursuant to Article 21.3 of the DSU determined that the reasonable period of time for compliance would expire on December 23, 2003.

scholarly journals Local and global perspectives on the virtual water trade

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 12959-12987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tamea ◽  
P. Allamano ◽  
J. A. Carr ◽  
P. Claps ◽  
F. Laio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Distance ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Trade Network ◽  
Virtual Water Trade ◽  
Global Perspectives ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
The World ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Other World

Abstract. Recent studies on fluxes of virtual water are showing how the global food and goods trade interconnects the water resources of different and distant countries, conditioning the local water balances. This paper presents and discusses the assessment of virtual water fluxes between a single country and its network of trading partners, delineating a country's virtual water budget in space and time (years 1986–2010). The fluxes between the country under study and its importing/exporting partners are visualized with a geographical representation shaping the trade network as a virtual river/delta. Time variations of exchanged fluxes are quantified to show possible trends in the virtual water balance, while characterizing the time evolution of the trade network and its composition in terms of product categories (plant-based, animal-based, luxury and non-edible). The average distance traveled by virtual water to arrive to the place of consumption is also introduced as a new measure for the analysis of globalization of the virtual water trade. Using Italy as an example, we find that food trade has a steadily growing importance compared to domestic production, with a major component represented by plan-based products, and luxury products taking an increasingly larger share (26% in 2010). In 2010 Italy had an average net import of 55 km3 of virtual water (38 km3 in 1986), a value which poses the country among the top net importers in the world. On average each cubic meter of virtual water travels nearly 4000 km before entering Italy, while export goes to relatively closer countries (average distance: 2600 km), with increasing trends in time which are almost unique among the world countries. Analyses proposed for Italy are replicated for 10 other world countries, triggering similar investigations on different socio-economic actualities.

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