scholarly journals Stakeholder Participation and Advocacy Coalitions for Making Sustainable Fiji Mineral Royalty Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venina Qiolevu ◽  
Seunghoo Lim
Keyword(s):  
Network Theory ◽  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Fair Share ◽  
Advocacy Coalitions ◽  
Advocacy Coalition ◽  
Mining Impacts ◽  
Issue Network ◽  
Policy Beliefs

The Fiji government perceived mining as a means to accelerate economic growth because of its potential to generate great wealth for the Fijian economy. However, the environmental and social impacts associated with mining is of great concern. Mining activities have caused immense environmental degradations that affect livelihoods. One way to recompense these mining impacts is to provide a source of income to the landowners that can substitute the providence of natural resources that were damaged or completely taken away by mining activities. From the current revenue earned from mining, only land leases have been paid out to landowners and no royalty payments as yet, because there are no specific guidelines to determine the distributions. These have brought about the great need to determine the fair share of mineral royalties between the Fiji Government and the landowners in Fiji. This paper will therefore explicate the formation of coalitions based on similarities in policy beliefs, the various strategies undertaken to interact and network with each coalition in efforts to advocate core policy beliefs to obtain government’s attention for the formulation of Fiji’s Mineral Royalty Policy, based on the analytical lenses of Advocacy Coalition Framework and Issue Network Theory, at both the problem definition and agenda setting stages. Moreover, this paper also investigates the impacts of political instability in formulating Fiji’s first ever Mineral Royalty Policy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Impacts of Abandoned Mining Areas: A Case Study with Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11132
Author(s):  
Mi-Jung Bae ◽  
Jeong-Ki Hong ◽  
Eui-Jin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Stream Sediments ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrate ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Self Organizing Map ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽  
Mining Impacts ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Self Organizing

Mining activities are among the most long-lasting anthropogenic pressures on streams and rivers. Therefore, detecting different benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the areas recovered from mining activities is essential to establish conservation and management plans for improving the freshwater biodiversity in streams located near mining areas. We compared the stability of benthic macroinvertebrate communities between streams affected by mining activities (Hwangjicheon: NHJ and Cheolamcheon: NCA) and the least disturbed stream (Songjeonricheon: NSJ) using network analysis, self-organizing map, and indicator species analysis. Species richness was lowest at sites where stream sediments were reddened or whitened due to mining impacts in NHJ and NCA. Among functional feeding groups, the ratio of scrapers was lower (i.e., NHJ) or not observed (i.e., NCA) in the affected sites by mining. The networks (species interactions) were less connected in NHJ and NCA than in NSJ, indicating that community stability decreased in the area affected by mining activity. We identified five groups based on the similarity of benthic macroinvertebrate communities according to the gradients of mining impacts using a self-organizing map. the samples from the reference stream (clusters 1 and 5), sites located near the mining water inflow area (cluster 4), sites where stream sediments acid-sulfated (cluster 2), and sites that had recovered from mining impacts (cluster 3). Among the 40 taxa selected as indicators defined from the five clusters in self-organizing map, only few (Physa acuta, Tipula KUa, and Nemoura KUb) indicator species were selected in each cluster representing the mining-impacted sites. Our results highlighted that the benthic macroinvertebrate community complexity was lower in streams affected by mining activity. Furthermore, the range of disturbed areas in the streams, where conservation and management plans should be prioritized, can be quantified by examining alterations in the benthic macroinvertebrate community.

Stakeholder Perceptions of Requirements Elicitation Interviews With and Without Prototypes in a Cross-Cultural Design Setting

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna J. Coulentianos ◽  
Shanna R. Daly ◽  
Kathleen H. Sienko
Keyword(s):  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Requirements Elicitation ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Novel Device ◽  
Design Practices ◽  
Cultural Design ◽  
Stakeholder Preferences ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Contraceptive Implants

Abstract Using prototypes during design requirements elicitation (RE) interviews with stakeholders can encourage stakeholder participation. Stakeholder engagement and the quality of the feedback provided can be influenced by the format of the RE interview, especially in a cross-cultural design setting. Although the selection of design practices is typically motivated by designer preferences and design outcomes, deliberate consideration of stakeholder preferences and perceptions may lead to a more nuanced understanding of when and how to best leverage particular design practices. This study investigated the influence of the number of prototypes (here, assistive devices for removing subdermal contraceptive implants) presented during RE interviews on Ghanaian stakeholder preferences. The findings revealed that most participants (n = 34, 94%) preferred the presence of one or more prototypes compared to no prototypes during the interviews because prototypes enabled participants to better understand the design space, provide accurate feedback, and evaluate ideas. Prototypes provided participants with a basis for answering designers’ questions. When they were not provided with a prototype, participants explained that they imagined a novel device concept or recalled a device from prior experiences. Further, participants preferred the use of three prototypes versus a single prototype because multiple prototypes enabled them to compare across designs and make choices. These findings suggest that designers seeking requirements-related input from stakeholders at the problem definition stage should consider using one or more prototypes, unless they are interested in collecting design ideas from stakeholders.

Advocacy Coalitions in Foreign Policy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Pierce ◽  
Katherine Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Foreign Policy Analysis ◽  
Advocacy Coalitions ◽  
Advocacy Coalition

The advocacy coalition framework (ACF) was developed to explain policy processes where contentious coalitions of actors seek to translate competing belief systems into public policy. Advocacy coalitions may include interest groups, members of the media, scientists and academics, and government officials that share beliefs about a public issue and coordinate their behavior. These advocacy coalitions engage in various strategies using resources to influence policy change or stasis. As part of this process, advocacy coalition members may learn within and/or across coalitions. This framework is one of the most prominent and widely applied approaches to explain public policy. While it has been applied hundreds of times, in over 50 different countries, the vast majority of ACF applications have sought to explain domestic policy processes. A reason for the paucity of applications to foreign policy is that some ACF assumptions may not seem congruent to foreign policy issues. For example, the ACF uses a policy subsystem as the unit of analysis that may include a territorial dimension. Yet, the purpose of the territorial dimension is to limit the scope of the study. Therefore, this dimension can be substituted for a government body that has the authority or potential authority to make and implement foreign policy. In addition, the ACF assumes a central role for technical and scientific information in the policy process. Such information makes learning across coalitions more conducive, but the ACF can and should also be applied to normative issues, such as those more common among foreign policy research. This article introduces the ACF; provides an overview of the framework, including assumptions, key concepts and theories, and transferability of the ACF to foreign policy analysis; and discusses four exemplary applications. In addition, it proposes future research that scholars should explore as part of the nexus of the ACF and foreign policy analysis. In the final analysis, the authors suggest the ACF can and should be applied to foreign policy analysis to better understand the development of advocacy coalitions and how they influence changes and stasis in foreign policy.

The Advocacy Coalition Framework

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paúl Cisneros
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Advocacy Coalition Framework ◽  
Advocacy Coalitions ◽  
Forthcoming Article ◽  
Advocacy Coalition ◽  
Policy Subsystems ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. Please check back later for the full article. Paul Sabatier and Hank Jenkins Smith introduced the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) in the late 1980s, to refine the theoretical and methodological tools available for the study of the policy process. In the past two decades, the framework has grown in use outside the United States, and it is now applied to study a broad range of policy arenas in all continents. ACF scholars have created a core community that regularly synthetizes findings from applications of the framework, giving the ACF the form of a true research program. The ACF has three principal theoretical domains: advocacy coalitions, policy subsystems, and policy change. Expectations about the interactions between and within these domains are contained in 15 main hypotheses. The ACF posits that advocacy coalitions and policy subsystems are the most efficient way to organize actors interested in the policy process for empirical research. The policy subsystem is the main unit of analysis in the ACF, and there are four paths leading to policy change. The aspect that has received more attention in existing applications is the effect that external events have on policy change, and some areas in need of refinement include: policy-oriented learning, interactions across subsystems, the theoretical foundations to identification of belief systems, and how the interactions between beliefs and interests affect coalition behavior.

scholarly journals Gradual and Transformative Institutional Change: the influence of stakeholders and advocacy coalitions at the Belo Monte Hydroelectric power plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (97) ◽  
pp. 398-421
Author(s):  
Diego Mota Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plant ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Advocacy Coalitions ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Advocacy Coalition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Belo Monte

Abstract This work analyzes the performance of stakeholders and advocacy coalitions in processes of gradual institutional change based on the case study of the Belo Monte hydroelectric power plant. The methodology adopts content analysis, using shorthand notes of hearings held in the National Congress, and other publicly available documents. In-depth semi-structured interviews were also conducted, collecting data from individuals involved in the history of the power plant. The study allowed to characterize stakeholders pro or against the enterprise, observing their degree of influence and the role played. In addition, the work used the Advocacy Coalition Framework to verify how stakeholders formed three advocacy coalitions and exerted the strategies of institutional change ‘displacement,’ ‘conversion,’ and ‘layering’ following the gradual and transformative institutional change model. Empirical evidence indicates that the composition of coalition members may determine the type of institutional change and that institutional changes can also result from learning among coalitions, as the incorporation of socio-environmental considerations that have altered the original design of the hydroelectric power plant.

scholarly journals Rivalry of Advocacy Coalitions in the Czech Pension Reform

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-134
Author(s):  
Martin Potůček ◽  
Veronika Rudolfová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Advocacy Coalition Framework ◽  
Defined Contribution ◽  
Advocacy Coalitions ◽  
Advocacy Coalition ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Public ◽  
Clear Cut

Abstract The Czech Republic, as many other countries of Central and Eastern Europe, faced and is still facing a pension-reform challenge. The diversification of pension pillars led to the massive displacements of participant contributions from the public PAYG pension pillars to the newly constructed private, defined-contribution, fully-funded pillars. In the Czech Republic, the adoption of the relevant law was preceded by serious political conflict between supporters and opponents of this step (both among different political actors and among professionals). In an analysis of the conflict we critically apply the Advocacy Coalition Framework. We work mainly with the analysis of policy documents, public statements of the individual actors and an analysis of voting on the relevant law in both chambers of the Czech Parliament towards the identification of the crystallization process of two clear-cut coalitions between actors from both sides of the spectrum. The Advocacy Coalition Framework in exploring the dynamics of the public-policy process proved to be able to explain situations where there is sharp political conflict. Through the lens of the devil-shift of both camps (advocacy coalitions with different beliefs), each fell into extreme positions within the coalition to affirm the correctness of their arguments and positions.

scholarly journals Exploring mechanisms that explain how coalition groups are formed and how they work to sustain political priority for maternal and child health in Nigeria using the advocacy coalition framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinyere Okeke ◽  
Ana Manzano ◽  
Uche Obi ◽  
Enyi Etiaba ◽  
Obinna Onwujekwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Coalition Formation ◽  
Advocacy Coalition Framework ◽  
Advocacy Groups ◽  
Advocacy Coalitions ◽  
Advocacy Coalition ◽  
And Child Health ◽  
Political Priority

Abstract Background The unacceptably high rate of maternal and child mortality in Nigeria prompted the government to introduce a free maternal and child health (MCH) programme, which was stopped abruptly following a change in government. This triggered increased advocacy for sustaining MCH as a political priority in the country and led to the formation of advocacy coalitions. This study set out to explain the process involved in the formation of advocacy coalition groups and how they work to bring about sustained political prioritization for MCH in Nigeria. It will contribute to the understanding of the Nigerian MCH sector subsystem and will be beneficial to health policy advocates and public health researchers in Nigeria. Methods This study employed a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected using a pretested interview guide to conduct 22 in-depth interviews, while advocacy events were reviewed pro forma. The document review was analysed using the manual content analysis method, while qualitative data audiotapes were transcribed verbatim, anonymized, double-coded in MS Word using colour-coded highlights and analysed using manual thematic and framework analysis guided by the advocacy coalition framework (ACF). The ACF was used to identify the policy subsystem including the actors, their belief, coordination and resources, as well as the effects of advocacy groups on policy change. Ethics and consent approval were obtained for the study. Results The policy subsystem identified the actors and characterized the coalitions, and described their group formation processes and resources/strategies for engagement. The perceived deep core belief driving the MCH agenda is the right of an individual to health. The effects of advocacy groups on policy change were identified, along with the factors that enabled effectiveness, as well as constraints to coalition formation. External factors and triggers of coalition formation were identified to include high maternal mortality and withdrawal of the free MCH programme, while the contextual issues were the health system issues and the socioeconomic factors affecting the country. Conclusion Our findings add to an increasing body of evidence that the use of ACF is beneficial in exploring how advocacy coalitions are formed and in identifying the effects of advocacy groups on policy change.

scholarly journals Unity in diversity? When advocacy coalitions and policy beliefs grow trees in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 105283
Author(s):  
Arttu Malkamäki ◽  
Tuomas Ylä-Anttila ◽  
Maria Brockhaus ◽  
Anne Toppinen ◽  
Paul M. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Advocacy Coalitions ◽  
Unity In Diversity ◽  
Policy Beliefs

scholarly journals Mudança Institucional Gradual e Transformativa: a Atuação de Stakeholders e Coalizões de Defesa no Caso da Usina Hidroelétrica de Belo Monte

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (97) ◽  
pp. 398-421
Author(s):  
Diego Mota Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plant ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Advocacy Coalitions ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Advocacy Coalition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Belo Monte

Abstract This work analyzes the performance of stakeholders and advocacy coalitions in processes of gradual institutional change based on the case study of the Belo Monte hydroelectric power plant. The methodology adopts content analysis, using shorthand notes of hearings held in the National Congress, and other publicly available documents. In-depth semi-structured interviews were also conducted, collecting data from individuals involved in the history of the power plant. The study allowed to characterize stakeholders pro or against the enterprise, observing their degree of influence and the role played. In addition, the work used the Advocacy Coalition Framework to verify how stakeholders formed three advocacy coalitions and exerted the strategies of institutional change ‘displacement,’ ‘conversion,’ and ‘layering’ following the gradual and transformative institutional change model. Empirical evidence indicates that the composition of coalition members may determine the type of institutional change and that institutional changes can also result from learning among coalitions, as the incorporation of socio-environmental considerations that have altered the original design of the hydroelectric power plant.

scholarly journals SOCIETY ADVOCACY COALITION IN PUBLIC DIALOGUE AS PUBLIC POLICY MAKING

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramaditya Rahardian ◽  
Bintan Aulia Habibah
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Advocacy Coalitions ◽  
Advocacy Coalition ◽  
Public Dialogue ◽  
Common Space ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Theory Review

This article aimed to find out the role and interest of a society in a public dialogue as policy making in Bojonegoro District by observing theory review of Sabatier and Wible in Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF). Furthermore, research in this article used research method of qualitative descriptive with technique of collecting data through observation, interview and documentation. Technique of determining informant used purposive sampling, then it changed to snowball sampling. Public dialogue is a common space between society between people/society and Government of Bojonegoro District to discuss the needs of people that became a public policy based on aspiration and society demands. The result of the research showed society coalition that succeeded influencing Government of Bojonegoro District in policy making. Keywords: Coalition, Public Dialogue, Policy making, Advocacy Coalitions Framework.

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