scholarly journals Observing the Impact of WWF Earth Hour on Urban Light Pollution: A Case Study in Berlin 2018 Using Differential Photometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Jechow
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Pollution Reduction ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Differential Photometry ◽  
Potsdamer Platz ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Impact

Earth Hour is one of the most successful coordinated mass efforts worldwide to raise awareness of environmental issues, with excessive energy consumption being one driver of climate change. The campaign, first organized by the World Wildlife Fund in Australia in 2007, has grown across borders and cultures and was celebrated in 188 countries in 2018. It calls for voluntarily reduction of electricity consumption for a single hour of one day each year. Switching off non-essential electric lights is a central theme and resulted in 17,900 landmarks going dark in 2018. This switch-off of lights during Earth Hour also leads to reduction of light pollution for this specific period. In principle, Earth Hour allows the study of light pollution and the linkage to electricity consumption of lighting. However, quantitative analysis of the impact of Earth Hour on light pollution (and electricity consumption) are sparse, with only a few studies published showing no clear impact or the reverse, suffering from residual twilight and unstable weather conditions. In this work, light pollution measurements during Earth Hour 2018 in an urban park (Tiergarten) in Berlin, Germany, are reported. A novel light measurement method using differential photometry with calibrated digital cameras enables tracking of the switching off and switching back on of the lights of Berlin’s iconic Brandenburg Gate and the buildings of Potsdamer Platz adjacent to the park. Light pollution reduction during the event was measurable, despite the presence of moonlight. Strategies for future work on light pollution using such events are discussed.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Electricity Demand Profiles: A Case Study of Selected Business Clients in Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Malec ◽  
Grzegorz Kinelski ◽  
Marzena Czarnecka
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Electricity Demand ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Total Change ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Sales Company ◽  
Energy Companies ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused changes in electricity demand and, consequently, electricity consumption profiles. Given the rapid changes in energy prices, it is significant from the perspective of energy companies, and forecasting consumed energy volume. A necessity for accurate energy volume planning forces the need for analyzing consumers’ behaviors during the pandemic, especially under lockdowns, to prepare for the possibility of another pandemic wave. Many business clients analyzed in the paper are economic entities functioning in sectors under restrictions. That is why analyzing the pandemic’s impact on the change in energy consumption profiles and volume of these entities is particularly meaningful. The article analyzes the pandemic and restrictions’ impact on the total change of energy consumption volume and demand profiles. The analysis was conducted basing on data collected from a Polish energy trading and sales company. It focused on the energy consumption of its corporate clients. Analyzed data included aggregated energy consumption volumes for all company’s customers and key groups of economic entities under restrictions. The analysis demonstrates the influence of pandemic restrictions on energy consumption in the group of business clients. Significant differences are observable among various sectors of the economy. The research proves that the largest drops in energy consumption are related to shopping centers and offices. Altogether, the restrictions have caused a 15–23% energy consumption drop during the first lockdown and a maximum 11% during the second against expected values.

scholarly journals A Study on the Energy Consumption of the Electrical and Electronic Household and Office Equipment in Standby and Off-Mode

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
A. Vasiliu ◽  
Otilia Nedelcu ◽  
O. Magdun ◽  
I.C. Sălişteanu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
European Committee ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Office Equipment

Abstract The most recent generation of the electrical and electronic household and office equipment is far more efficient than its predecessor, but it is still improvable. The smart equipment, when it is used, adds the advantages of the supplementary control functions with the requirements of beeing electrically supplied. By interconnecting the smart devices in a data network, some of the energy consumption occurs even in the non-active states. These states, either a “stand-by” mode or an “off-line” mode, according to the European Committee directives, imposes maximum limits for the electricity consumption, thus an eco-design of the electrical and electronic equipment. The impact of these eco-design requirements on household appliances and office equipment with repercussions in their operation and use, as well as the energy and environmental effects, are dealt in this paper, based on a case study.

scholarly journals Car Following Behaviours on Multilane Highways in Kuwait: A Case Study on Road 40 during Winter Season

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eisa Alenzi ◽  
◽  
Sitti Asmah Hassan ◽  
Othman Che Puan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Speed Flow ◽  
Safety Awareness ◽  
Road Geometry ◽  
The Impact

The car following behaviour of a driver is the process of following the drivers to create an adjustment in the leading vehicle behaviour. In a condition, where the traffic volume is in a free-flowing situation, the selection of vehicles speed is typically limited by some factors such as weather conditions, lighting, and road geometry features. This study aims to investigate the effects of climates on driver’s car following behaviour and speed flow relationships for highways in Kuwait. The case study was conducted at Road 40 in Kuwait using RTMS Sx-300 device which is known as a radar device particularly used for monitoring traffic. The data was gathered between the periods from 29th December 2018 to 5th January 2019 within winter. MATLAB code was written to analyse and classify the gathered data. Then, the models were built using R-software. The study depicts that nearly 24.87% of the vehicles move between 60 km/h and 69 km/hour. Additionally, the vehicles were segmented according to their types i.e., Truck, Small, Medium and Large Sized Cars, in order to find the impact of following pattern on the vehicle average. It has been found that no significant association remains amidst the type of following pattern and the headway. Ultimately, a liner regression of data was developed to calculate a liner equation that shows the average headway as an element of speed for sixteen diverse following patterns. It has been recognized that an association could be supposed in medium-sized and small-sized vehicles. It has been observed that headway average could be placed in a linear equation for large, medium, and small as well as truck vehicles. It is worthy to denote that when data is bigger, the exactitude of a study enhances. Findings from each model of liner regression has more than 80% confidence level. The models of regression are deliberated as statistically significant where, the R (square) figures lies amidst 0.99 till 0.6. As per the findings, speed is the key influencing factor for headway value. The type of car does affect headway with drivers behind Heavy Good Vehicles and cars at the similar speed. According to the data, cars are identified to keep more headway when behind Heavy Good Vehicles in contrast with when behind other cars. These results will help the drivers to understand their behaviour that are associated with car crashes. Thus, increase road safety awareness and reduce traffic congestion in Kuwait.

The impact of the daylight saving time on electricity consumption—A case study from Jordan

Energy Policy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 2042-2051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Awad Momani ◽  
Baharudin Yatim ◽  
Mohd Alauddin Mohd Ali
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Daylight Saving Time ◽  
Daylight Saving ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Study of Multiple Disturbance Factors Outside Residential Electricity Consumption: A Case Study of Beijing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3335
Author(s):  
Yaqing Sheng ◽  
Jinpeng Liu ◽  
Delin Wei ◽  
Xiaohua Song
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Regional Power ◽  
Residential Electricity ◽  
Optimization Management ◽  
Multiple Disturbance ◽  
Residential Electricity Consumption ◽  
The Impact

Residential electricity consumption is an important part of the electricity consumption of the whole society. The systematic analysis of the influence mechanism of the external complex factors of residential electricity consumption is significant for scientific and effective power demand side optimization management. From the socio-economic and climate perspectives, Spearman’s correlation was used to analyze external multiple disturbance indicators, and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to reduce data dimensionality. The multi-factor residential electricity measurement model (PCA-MCA) was established to explore the heterogeneity of influence mechanisms. Taking Beijing as a case study, the results show that the sensitivity of residential electricity consumption of Beijing to socio-economic indicators is greater than that of climate indicators, and the two influencing factors are obviously heterogeneous. The impact of socio-economic factors on residential electricity consumption appears to have continuous and stable characteristics, but climate factors are more volatile. This paper discusses factors and disturbance mechanisms of regional residential electricity consumption, fully considering the actual situation in Beijing. Taking the realization of regional power demand lateral optimization management as the idea, the paper proposes some optimization strategies to achieve regional power availability. This provides an analysis basis and practical reference for sustainable development of regional power.

A stochastic-programming approach for scheduling catch-up rounds in round-robin sport leagues

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiajie Yi ◽  
Dries Goossens
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Programming ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fair Ranking ◽  
English Premier League

Abstract In most sport leagues, a schedule is announced before the start of the season. However, due to unexpected events (e.g. bad weather conditions), some games cannot be played on the announced date. To handle this, before the start of the season, empty so-called catch-up rounds are positioned in the schedule as a buffer. During the season, games can then be rescheduled to these catch-up rounds. We develop a two-stage stochastic programming approach to determine where to position the catch-up rounds in order to maintain the quality of the realized schedule. While our method is generally applicable, we demonstrate its use with soccer. Scenarios and their probabilities are deduced from historical data from 10 major European soccer leagues. We study the impact of the number of catch-up rounds and costs on the positions of catch-up rounds and compare our method with other proactive strategies from the literature. We conclude with a case study based on the English Premier League. In particular when many games cannot be played as planned and few catch-up rounds are available, our stochastic programming approach outperforms existing methods with respect to maintaining a fair ranking and avoiding cancelled games.

scholarly journals Drone Filming: Creativity versus Regulations in Autonomous Art Systems. A Case Study.

Media-N ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Shreepali Patel
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Physical Response ◽  
The Spectator ◽  
Automated Programming ◽  
The Impact

This article explores the impact of drone regulations on the narrative potential of drone filming. The central focus of this exploration is a Case Study analysis of the production of a multi-screen audio-visual digital installation, The Crossing (Patel, 2016). The Crossing [1], filmed in central London, utilized the use of a heavy weight Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) also known as a drone with a 5-kilo weight load capacity with the Alexa Mini WCU-4. Combined with the CForce Mini lens control system, the UAS gave unparalleled camera and lens control at extended ranges, providing complete pan, tilt and lens control and allowing dynamic moves in the air. The result was the ability to navigate through spaces to give intimate and playful shots that give the viewer ‘alternate’ versions of reality that only a ‘machine’ can provide. Artists, performers and filmmakers are finding new kinds of beauty through automated programming where the drones are not just capturing the story but the machines themselves become the story. However, the operational scope of drones is limited by legal and health and safety regulations, particularly within built up urban environments. These regulations govern the vertical and horizontal distance from objects and people, line of sight, time constraints, weather conditions as well as security implications. Further restrictions include requiring a trained and fully licensed crew with permission from the relevant aviation bodies. This article seeks to answer whether these restrictions limit the creativity of the artist or challenge the creator to consider alternate ways of using these Autonomous Art Systems to inform the aesthetic scope of the captured image. This article will draw on a combination of original filming and broadcast examples to examine how legal and security restrictions on UAS inform the narrative and aesthetic realization of the final art form and subsequent emotional and physical response of the spectator.

Daily and Latent Lagged Effects of Rainfall on Pedestrian–Vehicle Collisions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-291
Author(s):  
António Lobo ◽  
Sara Ferreira ◽  
Isabel Iglesias ◽  
António Couto
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Crash Frequency ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Lagged Effects ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWalking safety has been a primary concern for researchers and authorities, who have developed numerous studies concerning the interaction between pedestrians and vehicles. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on the impacts of weather conditions on pedestrian–vehicle collisions. This research aims at improving knowledge on this subject by investigating the impact of daily precipitation and the lagged effects associated with past accumulated precipitation. Using the city of Porto, Portugal, as a case study, an incremental approach consisting of three models, one Poisson and two negative binomial, was developed to explore the relation between weather conditions and the occurrence of pedestrian–vehicle collisions. The first model accounts exclusively for meteorological variables, providing an insight into the trends of crash frequency under the effects of temperature and precipitation. Then, variables for road classification and land use were introduced in the second and third models, respectively, to account for the diversity of the urban environment. These variables act as proxies for the level of exposure associated with different types of urban space, allowing for a more in-depth understanding of the impacts caused by meteorological conditions. The modeling results show that the number of pedestrian–vehicle collisions tends to increase on rainy days, following the general trend observed in the literature for other types of crashes. Regarding the lagged effects, the results show that the number of pedestrian–vehicle collisions is likely to decrease after a wet week but increases after a wet month.

scholarly journals Distributed Photovoltaic Generation and Impact on Voltage Profiles of Distribution Feeders

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali K. Jasim ◽  
Ammar Al-Sabounchi ◽  
Ahmad Bubshait ◽  
Zuhair S. Al-Sagar
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Voltage Level ◽  
Photovoltaic Generation ◽  
Feeder Head ◽  
Photovoltaic Applications ◽  
Photovoltaic Plant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Irradiation

Distributed Photovoltaic applications bring considerable benefits to the distribution network, especially in regions with high irradiation levels. This work contributes to the efforts of adapting Distributed Photovoltaic applications in Iraq, as it has high irradiation levels. The development of a Photovoltaic physical model for Distributed Photovoltaic installations under actual weather conditions has been presented. Additionally, the impact of Distributed Photovoltaic installations connected at downstream points of distribution feeders on the voltage profile along those feeders has been discussed. Based on that, a suitable procedure to assess this impact has been developed under four different scenarios. A case study of the existing 11 kV feeder in Baghdad has been used to apply the developed procedure by considering different scenarios of Distributed Photovoltaic integration. The case study concluded no over-voltage issues along the feeder, even with the extreme conditions of applied scenarios, related to voltage level at the feeder head, capacity and location of the Distributed Photovoltaic plant, and load/ Distributed Photovoltaic profiles of summer and winter.

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