scholarly journals Sustainable Growth and Token Economy Design: The Case of Steemit

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moon Kim ◽  
Jee Chung
Keyword(s):  
Network Effects ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Economic Trend ◽  
Token Economy ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Social Networking Website

Cryptocurrency blockchain technology is attracting worldwide attention, and the number of initial coin offerings (ICOs) is increasing rapidly. This new economic trend, called cryptoeconomics, can program human behavior through incentive design. A cryptocurrency-based incentive system is not only transparent, but also allows businesses to substitute initial investment costs with cryptocurrency tokens until they are on a sustainable growth trajectory in terms of network effects. This study aims to propose a process for building a desirable model of a token economy, based on the case of Steemit—a blogging and social networking website that is creating high values due to its efficient token economy model. We suggest the following design process of a token economy model: (1) Determine token-business fit, (2) determine the chance of success, (3) determine the properties of token, (4) give tokens intrinsic value, (5) establish strategies to raise token value, (6) establish operational strategies of token economy system, (7) establish strategies for token liquidation, and (8) continue modifying the operational base. Considering cryptoeconomics is still at an early stage, it is expected that the guidelines on the token economy model suggested in this paper will lay a significant foundation for the development of cryptoeconomics research.

Dynamic Resource Allocation on Multi-Category Two-Sided Platforms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Qiaowei Shen ◽  
Yakov Bart
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
Indirect Network Effects ◽  
Optimal Resource ◽  
Daily Deals ◽  
Allocation Strategies

Platform businesses are typically resource-intensive and must scale up their business quickly in the early stage to compete successfully against fast-emerging rivals. We study a critical question faced by such firms in the novel context of multicategory two-sided platforms: how to optimally make investment decisions across two sides, multiple categories, and different time periods to achieve fast and sustainable growth. We first develop a two-category two-period theoretical model and propose optimal resource allocation strategies that account for heterogeneous within-category direct and indirect network effects and cross-category interdependence. We find that the proposed strategy shares the spirit of the allocation rules for multiproduct nonplatform firms and single-product platform firms, yet it does not amount to a simple combination of the existing rules. Interestingly, the business model that platforms adopt crucially determines the optimal strategy. Platforms that charge by user should adopt a “reinforcing” rule for both within- and cross-category allocations by allocating more resources toward the stronger growth driver. Platforms that charge by transaction should also adopt the reinforcing rule for within-category allocation, but follow a “compensatory” rule for cross-category and intertemporal allocations by allocating more resources toward the weaker growth driver. We use data from the daily deals industry to empirically identify the network effects, propose alternative allocation strategies stemming from our theoretical findings, and use simulations to show the benefits of these strategies. For instance, we show that reallocating 10% of the average observed investment from Fitness to Beauty can increase profits by up to 15.5% for some cities. This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing.

A Digital Economy Model for Talent Prediction Data Analytic

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-266
Author(s):  
Haru Purnomo Ipung ◽  
Amin Soetomo
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Token Economy ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Data Analytic

This research proposed a model to assist the design of the associated data architecture and data analytic to support talent forecast in the current accelerating changes in economy, industry and business change due to the accelerating pace of technological change. The emerging and re-emerging economy model were available, such as Industrial revolution 4.0, platform economy, sharing economy and token economy. Those were driven by new business model and technology innovation. An increase capability of technology to automate more jobs will cause a shift in talent pool and workforce. New business model emerge as the availabilityand the cost effective emerging technology, and as a result of emerging or re-emerging economic models. Both, new business model and technology innovation, create new jobs and works that have not been existed decades ago. The future workers will be faced by jobs that may not exist today. A dynamics model of inter-correlation of economy, industry, business model and talent forecast were proposed. A collection of literature review were conducted to initially validate the model.

scholarly journals Blockchain Applications in Agribusiness: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Geneci da Silva Ribeiro Rocha ◽  
Letícia de Oliveira ◽  
Edson Talamini
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Near Future

Blockchain is a technology that can be applied in different sectors to solve various problems. As a complex system, agribusiness presents many possibilities to take advantage of blockchain technology. The main goal of this paper is to identify the purposes for which blockchain has been applied in the agribusiness sector, for which a PRISMA-based systematic review was carried out. The scientific literature corpus was accessed and selected from Elsevier’s Scopus and ISI of Knowledge’s Web of Science (WoS) platforms, using the PRISMA protocol procedures. Seventy-one articles were selected for analysis. Blockchain application in agribusiness is a novel topic, with the first publication dating from 2016. The technological development prevails more than blockchain applications since it has been addressed mainly in the Computer Sciences and Engineering. Blockchain applications for agribusiness management of financial, energy, logistical, environmental, agricultural, livestock, and industrial purposes have been reported in the literature. The findings suggest that blockchain brings many benefits when used in agribusiness supply chains. We concluded that the research on blockchain applications in agribusiness is only at an early stage, as many prototypes are being developed and tested in the laboratory. In the near future, blockchain will be increasingly applied across all economic sectors, including agribusiness, promoting greater reliability and agility in information with a reduced cost. Several gaps for future studies were observed, with significant value for science, industry, and society.

scholarly journals CONCEPT OF VIRTUAL CURRENCIES IN MODERN ECONOMIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Inta Kotane
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Virtual Currency ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Media

In recent years, development of blockchain technology and virtual currencies (VCs) have been followed not just by the media and industry professionals all over the world – there rarely could be found a person who has not ever heard the term ‘bitcoin’. Despite the popularity of VCs, there is a lack of comprehensible information in the Latvian language about what the virtual currency (VC) is, as well the concepts of digital and VCs are often misused as synonyms. The research is based on the analysis of special literature and scientific publications on the system of VCs. The aim of the research: to explore the concept of VCs in the modern economy. General scientific research methods are used in the research: the method of monographic or descriptive research, the comparative analysis method for studying the concept of VCs, the classification, legal regulation, and future development possibilities. The results of the research show that VCs are a type of digital currency, though, the opposite statement is not correct. Thus, all VCs are digital, but not all digital currencies are virtual. Exploration of the legal framework of VCs suggests that it is at an early stage of development. With the increasing number of VCs and along with strengthening of the legal framework of VCs, the issue of possible directions of the future development of VCs is raised. Two points of view dominate: the future currency or payment system, for example, smart contracts.

Controlling metalimnetic bloom of Planktothrix rubescens by a novel water withdrawal strategy: a modelling study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenxi Mi ◽  
Marieke Frassl ◽  
David Hamilton ◽  
Tom Shatwell ◽  
Xiangzhen Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Light Extinction ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Planktothrix Rubescens ◽  
Flushing Rate ◽  
Toxic Species ◽  
Lakes And Reservoirs

<p>Aggregations of cyanobacteria in lakes and reservoirs are commonly associated with surface blooms, but may also occur in the metalimnion as subsurface or deep chlorophyll maxima. Metalimnetic cyanobacteria blooms are of great concern when potentially toxic species, such as Planktothrix rubescens (P. rubescens), are involved. Apparently, metalimnetic blooms of P. rubescens have increased in frequency and severity in recent years so there is a strong need to establish the external factors controlling its growth. We hypothesized that P. rubescens blooms in reservoirs can be managed by modifying the water withdrawal strategy and altering the light climate experienced by the algae. We tested our hypothesis in Rappbode Reservoir by establishing a series of withdrawal and light scenarios based on a calibrated water quality model (CE-QUAL-W2). Our scenarios demonstrated that metalimnetic water withdrawal reduced P. rubescens biomass in the reservoir. According to the simulation results we defined an optimal withdrawal volume to control P. rubescens blooms in the reservoir as approximately 10 million m<sup>3</sup> during its blooming period. The numerical results also indicated that P. rubescens growth can be most effectively suppressed if the metalimnetic withdrawal is applied in the early stage of its rapid growth (i.e. before the occurrence of blooms). Additionally, the results showed that P. rubescens biomass gradually decreased with increasing light extinction and nearly disappeared when the extinction coefficient exceeded 0.55 m<sup>-1</sup>.  Our results indicated that close linkages among in situ measurements, model simulations, empirical growth rate and flushing rate calculations could inform management strategies to minimise the harmful impacts of P. rubescens in water supplies. Such a strategy could be used in reservoir operational strategies as an adaptation way to offset the rise in P. rubescens populations that has been linked to climate change.</p>

Revealing the Disintermediation Concept of Blockchain Technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-102
Author(s):  
Teck Ming Tan ◽  
Jari Salo ◽  
Petri Ahokangas ◽  
Veikko Seppänen ◽  
Philipp Sandner
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Physical Distribution ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Traditional Roles

Typically, people have a misconception about blockchain as they associate this technology with cryptocurrency. This chapter does not focus, however, on bitcoin or cryptocurrencies that pertain to its intrinsic value. Rather, the authors focus on the disintermediation feature of blockchain technology by providing insights into how this technology could substitute for the functions and roles of the intermediary. The findings show that blockchain technology is not equipped with financing and physical distribution functions. The current research further demonstrates that most of the blockchain service providers that are listed in the Liechtenstein Blockchain Act are required to perform the traditional roles of an intermediary. Thus, blockchain technology is not found to support a full concept of disintermediation. This chapter is vital in order for existing intermediaries to gain a deeper understanding of how to analyze and optimize their existing functions and roles while adjusting their business model in the token-based economy.

Blockchain security research: theorizing through bibliographic-coupling analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lurdes D. Patrício ◽  
João J. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Bibliographic Coupling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Coupling Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Stage Of Development

PurposeThe continuous presence and intensity of the Internet of things (IoT) in our lives and the risk of security breaches in traditional transactional and financial platforms are the major cause of personal and organizational data losses. Blockchain emerges as a promised technology to ensure higher levels of data encryption and security. Thus, this study aims to develop a systematic literature review analyzing the previous literature and to purpose of a framework to better understand the process of blockchain security.Design/methodology/approachThe 75 articles reviewed were obtained through the Scopus database and a bibliographic-coupling analysis was developed to identify the main themes of this research area, via VOSviewer software.FindingsThe results enable the categorization of the existing literature revealing four clusters: 1) feasibility, 2) fintech and cryptocurrency, 3) data trust and share and 4) applicability. Blockchain technology is still in its early stage of development and counting on researchers in security and cryptography to take it further to new highs, to allow its applicability to different areas and in long-term scenarios.Originality/valueThis systematic literature creates a base to reduce the blockchain security literature gap. In addition, it provides a framework that enables the scientific community to access the main subjects discussed and the articulation between concepts. Furthermore, it enhances the state-of-the-art literature on blockchain security and proposes a future research agenda.

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY — INNOVATION AND SECURITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-78
Author(s):  
GRZEGORZ BOROWIK ◽  
ZBIGNIEW WAWRZYNIAK ◽  
PAWEŁ CICHOSZ
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Main Trend ◽  
Computer Language ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Scripting Language

Blockchain is one of the most revolutionary technologies of the 21st century, which is still under development, and whose potential is not yet fully exploited. Although blockchain gained importance in 2009, scientists and entrepreneurs are still at an early stage of understanding its mechanisms and fully appreciating its potential, especially from the perspective of the technical challenges and limitations of the technology. Blockchain fi nds a variety of applications, especially in areas that have so far been based on third-party transactions in order to maintain a certain level of trust. Although blockchain is a promising technology for the reorganisation of business processes and many industrial applications, it still has many weaknesses despite various implementations in many forms. An innovative element, and one of the most attractive functions, of blockchain is intelligent contracts, as they reduce or even completely eliminate the administrative costs associated with the lack of trust in the transaction. However, the existing software that is built on this infrastructure has many shortcomings and unfortunately, combined with the lack of maturity of the scripting language to write the contract representation in the computer language, leads to errors or gaps in security that are not noticed or addressed by the author of the script. So far, no blockchain-based system has been completely broken. Nevertheless, phishing is the main trend in the operation of criminals in blockchain networks. Research has shown that over $115 million has been stolen from nearly 17,000 victims in the Ethereum blockchain alone. It is estimated that in total about 10% of the money invested in Ethereum’s ICO has ended up in the hands of criminals.

scholarly journals Blockchain Technology Facing Socioeconomic Challenges. Promise versus Probability

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belen Suarez Lopez ◽  
David Issó García ◽  
Antonio Vargas Alcaide
Keyword(s):  
Data Science ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Socioeconomic Challenges

This paper has the main purpose to make a critical and balanced analysis about the potential of blockchain technology to face some of the great current socioeconomic challenges, being focus on impact assessment point of view, analyzing the disruptive potential of blockchain to provide solutions at level of different challenges as example, climate change, migrant movements, gender equality, financial inclusion or the cost opportunity of the management of data science. The term blockchain summary a numerous different type of system of distributed ledger, essentially, it is just a record distributed, a ledger of digital events that is distributed or shared among many different parts within an ecosystem (nodes), and chronological in a network. The technology is at an early stage and can be implemented in many ways depending on the objective. The methodological tool for the research is strategic and qualitative SWOT analysis identifying the critical success factors such internal factors (Strengthens and Weakness), and external factors (Opportunities and Threats), summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion. From the bibliographic review carried out on the finding and disclosure provided by empirical research about business case studies, the research results summarized in the paper confirm that although looks difficulty of give a closed definition to variety of system under the umbrella of blockchain, among the main strengths of technology are its intrinsic characteristics, such as, its ability to store data immutably without relying on a central authority. As weakness, highlight the fact of the need of solve some non-minor inefficiencies as energy consumption and, as result, the difficulty to be scaled. It has the potential to replace the intermediary and central entities or change the way they works, allowing disintermediation and potentially empower people in trade, democratic participation, social interaction and financial inclusion, which represent great opportunities. Although, on the side of threats there is lack of knowledge about the technology, which generates resistance from regulators who are beginning to assess risks and are concerned about how new participants could cannibalize their income models. In addition, it seems clear the importance of assume the fact that the technological changes take time to develop and often require the adaptation of entire ecosystems. Keywords: blockchain, decentralization, democratization, financial inclusion, socioeconomic challenges, tokem traceability, transparency, trust.

scholarly journals The Good, the Bad, and the Ethical Implications of Bridging Blockchain and Multi-Agent Systems

Information ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Calvaresi ◽  
Jean-Paul Calbimonte ◽  
Alevtina Dubovitskaya ◽  
Valerio Mattioli ◽  
Jean-Gabriel Piguet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Multi Agent Systems ◽  
Agent Systems ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Distributed Intelligent Systems ◽  
Similar Solutions

The agent based approach is a well established methodology to model distributed intelligent systems. Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) are increasingly employed in applications dealing with safety and information critical tasks (e.g., in eHealth, financial, and energy domains). Therefore, transparency and the trustworthiness of the agents and their behaviors must be enforced. For example, employing reputation based mechanisms can promote the development of trust. Nevertheless, besides recent early stage studies, the existing methods and systems are still unable to guarantee the desired accountability and transparency adequately. In line with the recent trends, we advocate that combining blockchain technology (BCT) and MAS can achieve the distribution of the trust, removing the need for trusted third parties (TTP), potential single points of failure. This paper elaborates on the notions of trust, BCT, MAS, and their integration. Furthermore, to attain a trusted environment, this manuscript details the design and implementation of a system reconciling MAS (based on the Java Agent DEvelopment Framework (JADE)) and BTC (based on Hyperledger Fabric). In particular, the agents’ interactions, computation, tracking the reputation, and possible policies for disagreement-management are implemented via smart contracts and stored on an immutable distributed ledger. The results obtained by the presented system and similar solutions are also discussed. Finally, ethical implications (i.e., opportunities and challenges) are elaborated before concluding the paper.

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