scholarly journals Use of Steel and Polyolefin Fibres in the La Canda Tunnels: Applying MIVES for Assessing Sustainability Evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos G. Alberti ◽  
Jaime C. Gálvez ◽  
Alejandro Enfedaque ◽  
Ana Carmona ◽  
Cristina Valverde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Function ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Concrete Slabs ◽  
Function Concept ◽  
Sustainability Evaluation ◽  
Value Model ◽  
The Value Function ◽  
High Energy Consumption

Construction involves the use of significant quantities of raw materials and entails high-energy consumption. For the sake of choosing the most appropriate solution that considers environmental and sustainable concepts, tools such as the integrated value model for sustainable assessment (Modelo Integrado de Valor para una Evaluación Sostenible, MIVES) used in Spain, plays a key role in obtaining the best solution. MIVES is a multi-criteria decision-making method based on the value function concept and the seminars delivered by experts. Such tools, in order to show how they may work, require application to case studies. In this paper, two concrete slabs manufactured with differing reinforcements during the construction of the La Canda Tunnels are compared by means of MIVES. The two concrete slabs were reinforced with a conventional steel-mesh and with polyolefin fibres. This research was focussed on the main aspects affecting the construction. That is to say, the environmental, economic, and social factors were assessed by the method, being of special impact the issues related with maintenance of the structure. The results showed that from the point of view of sustainability, the use of polyolefin fibres provided a significant advantage, mainly due to the lower maintenance required.

scholarly journals Use of Steel and Polyolefin Fibres in the La Canda Tunnels: Applying MIVES for Assessing Sustainability Evaluation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos G. Alberti ◽  
Jaime C. Gálvez ◽  
Alejandro Enfedaque ◽  
Ana Carmona ◽  
Cristina Valverde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Function ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Concrete Slabs ◽  
Function Concept ◽  
Sustainability Evaluation ◽  
Value Model ◽  
The Value Function ◽  
High Energy Consumption

Construction involves the use of significant quantities of raw materials and entails high-energy consumption. For the sake of choosing the most appropriate solution that considers environmental and sustainable concepts, tools such as the integrated value model for sustainable assessment (Modelo Integrado de Valor para una Evaluación Sostenible, MIVES) used in Spain, plays a key role in obtaining the best solution. MIVES is a multi-criteria decision-making method based on the value function concept and the seminars delivered by experts. Such tools, in order to show how they may work, require application to case studies. In this paper, two concrete slabs manufactured with differing reinforcement during the construction of the La Canda Tunnels are compared by means of MIVES. The two concrete slabs were reinforced with a conventional steel-mesh and with polyolefin fibres. The results showed that from the point of view of sustainability, the use of polyolefin fibres provided a significant advantage mainly due to the lower maintenance required.

scholarly journals Can Polyolefin Fibre Reinforced Concrete Improve the Sustainability of a Flyover Bridge?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Enfedaque ◽  
Marcos G. Alberti ◽  
Jaime C. Galvez ◽  
Marino Rivero ◽  
Jose Simon-Talero
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Value Function ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Function Concept ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Steel Bars ◽  
Value Model ◽  
The Value Function ◽  
Reinforcement Configuration

The use of polyolefin fibre reinforced concrete (PFRC) as an alternative for reducing or even eliminating the reinforcing steel bars employed in reinforced concrete has become real in the past years. This contribution analyses the improvements in sustainability that a change in the aforementioned reinforcement configuration might provide in a flyover bridge. Economic, environmental and social parameters of both possibilities were studied by means of the integrated value model for sustainable assessment use (Modelo Integrado de Valor para una Evaluación Sostenible, MIVES) used in Spain, which is a multi-criteria decision-making method based on the value function concept and the seminars delivered by experts. The results of the MIVES method showed that the use of PFRC in combination with reinforced concrete (RC) has a sustainability index 22% higher. An analysis of the parameters that form this evaluation shows that there are no remarkable differences in the financial costs between the two possibilities studied. Nevertheless, social and environmental aspects provide with a better qualification the option of building a bridge by using PFRC combined with RC.

scholarly journals Can Polyolefin Fibre Reinforced Concrete Improve the Sustainability of a Flyover Bridge?

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Enfedaque ◽  
Marcos Alberti ◽  
Jaime Gálvez ◽  
Marino Rivera ◽  
José Simón-Talero
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Value Function ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Function Concept ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Steel Bars ◽  
Value Model ◽  
The Value Function ◽  
Reinforcement Configuration

The use of polyolefin fibre reinforced concrete (PFRC) as an alternative for reducing the reinforcing steel bars employed in reinforced concrete has become real in the past years. This contribution analyses the improvements in sustainability that a change in the aforementioned reinforcement configuration might provide in a flyover bridge. Economic, environmental and social parameters of both possibilities were studied by means of the integrated value model for sustainable assessment. Such model, which acronym is MIVES (Modelo Integrado de Valor para una Evaluación Sostenible, MIVES), is a multi-criteria decision-making method based on the value function concept and the seminars delivered by experts. The results of the MIVES method showed that the use of PFRC in combination with reinforced concrete (RC) has a sustainability index 22% higher. An analysis of the parameters that form this evaluation shows that there are no remarkable differences in the financial costs between the two possibilities studied. Nevertheless, social and environmental aspects provide with a better qualification the option of building a bridge by using PFRC combined with RC.

scholarly journals Methods for Improvement of the Thermal Efficiency during Spray Drying

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 01031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangyuan Cheng ◽  
Xueyong Zhou ◽  
Yanmei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Spray Dryer ◽  
Unit Operation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Energy Consumption

Spray drying is a kind of unit operation with high energy consumption and relatively low energy utilization, and the problem of low thermal efficiency has been attracted the attention by scholars at home and abroad. The factors affecting the thermal efficiency of spray dryer are analyzed. From a technical point of view, the thermal efficiency of spray dryer can be increased through the unit operation. Measurements for the reduction of energy saving of spray dryer were put forward.

Study on Eco-Clothing with Multiple Style Transformation in the Background of Cyclic Economy

2013 ◽  
Vol 694-697 ◽  
pp. 3239-3242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhen Wang ◽  
Shu Lian Yu ◽  
Qi Zhen Wang ◽  
Yu Bing Luan ◽  
Jing Zhen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Apparel Industry ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Clothing Style ◽  
Consumption Situation ◽  
High Energy Consumption

In view of high energy consumption situation in the apparel industry in the background of cyclic economy, the author conducts technical experiment for clothing style change according to transformation design of clothing structure elements, and establishes the environmental protection philosophy of enabling raw materials for one garment to satisfy the function of raw materials for two or more garments. This not only maximizes the energy efficiency of clothing materials, but also optimizes life cycle of products, and accordingly promotes the energy-saving and environment-friendly eco-civilization construction in the apparel industry.

scholarly journals Insulation Properties of Bricks with Waste Rubber and Plastic: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Asena KARSLIOĞLU
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Waste Rubber ◽  
Environmental Damages ◽  
The World ◽  
Material Economy ◽  
High Energy Consumption

Traditional bricks are made of clay or cement. However, it has environmental deficiencies as causing high energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission. In addition, excessive and senseless use of non-renewable natural resources around the world causes social, economic and environmental damages. For these reasons, researchers have used several waste materials in brick production to contribute to sustainable development by optimizing environment-material-economy. In this study, the latest papers in the literature on the use of waste rubber (WR) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in brick production are presented. In particular, its thermal and sound insulation properties are examined. The literature review reveals the potential of the raw materials to be replaced by WR and PET when the manufactured bricks meet the standards.

scholarly journals THE USE OF SHADBERRY EXTRACT IN THE PRODUCTION OF ENRICHED FLOUR CONFECTIONERY PRODUCTS

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-257
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Kol'man ◽  
◽  
I. N. Pushmina ◽  
Galina Ivanova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Total Content ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Confectionery Products ◽  
Promising Source

Among the population, various types of flour confectionery are especially popular, but from the point of view of healthy nutrition, the consumption of products included in the group of flour confectionery products should be limited since they have a number of disadvantages: the products have a high energy value, which is primarily due to the significant content of carbohydrates and fats in the chemical composition of the ingredients included in the formulation; flour of the highest grade is used to obtain flour confectionery products, therefore, they do not contain dietary fibers that contribute to the elimination of toxic substances from the human body and, in general, improve the functioning of the digestive system, therefore, research aimed at the development of new flour confectionery products enriched with dietary fiber is relevant. For the design of enriched flour confectionery products, secondary raw materials can be used resulting from the processing of berries - pomace. The article deals with the issues related to the development of a waste-free scheme for the processing of shadberry and the recipe for an enriched flour confectionery with a semi-finished product obtained from the marc of shadberry. A scheme for obtaining a semi-finished product «Powder from pomace of shadberry» has been developed. On the basis of the studies carried out, it was revealed that the powder from the pomace of the shadberry is a promising source of dietary fiber for the body. The control studies of the recipe of muffins with different contents of powder from the pomace of shadberry were carried out. For each sample, organoleptic and physicochemical indicators were determined. All obtained samples of muffins meet the requirements of GOST 15052-2014 in terms of organoleptic and physicochemical indicators, but the best organoleptic indicators are shown by sample No. 6 of a muffin with pomace powder (16% of the total content of premium flour). A recipe has been developed for the «Curd» cake with a powder of squeeze of shadberry. The degree of satisfaction of the need for dietary fiber and energy has been determined when using the «Curd» cake with squeeze of shadberry.

scholarly journals Semiconductor Electrode Materials Applied in Photoelectrocatalytic Wastewater Treatment—an Overview

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Kusmierek
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Inorganic Pollutants ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation ◽  
High Energy Consumption

Industrial sources of environmental pollution generate huge amounts of industrial wastewater containing various recalcitrant organic and inorganic pollutants that are hazardous to the environment. On the other hand, industrial wastewater can be regarded as a prospective source of fresh water, energy, and valuable raw materials. Conventional sewage treatment systems are often not efficient enough for the complete degradation of pollutants and they are characterized by high energy consumption. Moreover, the chemical energy that is stored in the wastewater is wasted. A solution to these problems is an application of photoelectrocatalytic treatment methods, especially when they are coupled with energy generation. The paper presents a general overview of the semiconductor materials applied as photoelectrodes in the treatment of various pollutants. The fundamentals of photoelectrocatalytic reactions and the mechanism of pollutants treatment as well as parameters affecting the treatment process are presented. Examples of different semiconductor photoelectrodes that are applied in treatment processes are described in order to present the strengths and weaknesses of the photoelectrocatalytic treatment of industrial wastewater. This overview is an addition to the existing knowledge with a particular focus on the main experimental conditions employed in the photoelectrocatalytic degradation of various pollutants with the application of semiconductor photoelectrodes.

scholarly journals Optimal dividends with partial information and stopping of a degenerate reflecting diffusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziano De Angelis
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Control ◽  
Value Function ◽  
Partial Information ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Singular Stochastic Control ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Optimal Dividend ◽  
Analytical Point ◽  
The Value Function

Abstract We study the optimal dividend problem for a firm’s manager who has partial information on the profitability of the firm. The problem is formulated as one of singular stochastic control with partial information on the drift of the underlying process and with absorption. In the Markovian formulation, we have a two-dimensional degenerate diffusion whose first component is singularly controlled. Moreover, the process is absorbed when its first component hits zero. The free boundary problem (FBP) associated to the value function of the control problem is challenging from the analytical point of view due to the interplay of degeneracy and absorption. We find a probabilistic way to show that the value function of the dividend problem is a smooth solution of the FBP and to construct an optimal dividend strategy. Our approach establishes a new link between multidimensional singular stochastic control problems with absorption and problems of optimal stopping with ‘creation’. One key feature of the stopping problem is that creation occurs at a state-dependent rate of the ‘local time’ of an auxiliary two-dimensional reflecting diffusion.

In situ TEM studies of irradiation effects for materials improvement

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 452-453
Author(s):  
Charles W. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
In Situ Tem ◽  
Irradiation Effects ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Analytical Tools

Irradiation effects studies employing TEMs as analytical tools have been conducted for almost as many years as materials people have done TEM, motivated largely by materials needs for nuclear reactor development. Such studies have focussed on the behavior both of nuclear fuels and of materials for other reactor components which are subjected to radiation-induced degradation. Especially in the 1950s and 60s, post-irradiation TEM analysis may have been coupled to in situ (in reactor or in pile) experiments (e.g., irradiation-induced creep experiments of austenitic stainless steels). Although necessary from a technological point of view, such experiments are difficult to instrument (measure strain dynamically, e.g.) and control (temperature, e.g.) and require months or even years to perform in a nuclear reactor or in a spallation neutron source. Consequently, methods were sought for simulation of neutroninduced radiation damage of materials, the simulations employing other forms of radiation; in the case of metals and alloys, high energy electrons and high energy ions.

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