scholarly journals Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Spatial Differentiation of Urban Black and Odorous Waters in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guolei Chen ◽  
Jing Luo ◽  
Chunyan Zhang ◽  
Liang Jiang ◽  
Lingling Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Urban Pollution ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Joint Control ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Gradient Distribution

The pollution problem caused by urban black and odorous waters has received much attention from the Chinese government. Our research aims at systematically identifying the characteristics and the influential factors of spatial differentiation of urban black and odorous waters across China. The research, based on the data of black and odorous waters from 2100 Chinese cities, was conducted with the spatial analysis tool of ArcGIS. We found that the amount of Chinese urban black and odorous waters varied in spatial distribution, which was an agglomerated type with significant agglomeration. The kernel density was characterized by independent single kernel centers with ribbon-like and sporadic distributions of subcenters. The cold and hot spots showed a gradient distribution pattern of cold in the southwest and hot in the central east. These spatial distribution characteristics could be attributed to the following core factors, total wastewater discharge, length of urban drainage pipelines, municipal solid waste collection, daily urban sewage treatment capacity, and investment in urban pollution treatment of wastewater. The findings reveal the current geospatial distribution of black and odorous waters pollution and provide reference for the Chinese government to treat the pollution from several key points. Lastly, it is suggested that the Chinese government should establish joint control, joint prevention, and joint treatment mechanisms in the black and odorous waters areas and improve the safety standards of the whole water environment, so as to promote the treatment and elimination of urban black and odorous waters.

Simultaneous immobilization of ammonium and phosphate from aqueous solution using zeolites synthesized from fly ashes

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1324-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. D. Ji ◽  
M. L. Zhang ◽  
Y. Y. Ke ◽  
Y. C. Song
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Intra Particle Diffusion

Zeolites were synthesized from silica-rich (SF-Z) and calcium-rich (CF-Z) fly ashes, respectively, and their performance in immobilizing ammonium and phosphate was investigated through batch experiments. The cation exchange capacity and phosphate immobilization capacity of SF-Z were identified as 2.79 meq/g and 12.97 mg/g while those of CF-Z were 0.69 meq/g and 87.41 mg/g, respectively. The mixture of SF-Z and CF-Z (MSC-Z) immobilized simultaneously ammonium and phosphate, and the ratio of SF-Z to CF-Z depended on the ammonium and phosphate concentrations in wastewater and the discharge standard. The adsorption processes of ammonium and phosphate on MSC-Z followed Ho's pseudo-second-order model and the intra-particle diffusion was a rate-controlling step. The Langmuir model produced better suitability to the equilibrium data. The thermodynamic study revealed that the adsorption of both ammonium and phosphate on MSC-Z was an endothermic reaction. After treatment by MSC-Z, the ammonium and phosphate concentrations in wastewater from a sewage treatment plant decreased from 7.45 and 1.42 mg/L to 2.06 and 0.51 mg/L, respectively, and met Surface Water Environment Quality Standard in China δ. These results show that the immobilization of ammonium and phosphate in wastewater can be achieved by the combination of zeolites synthesized from silica-rich and calcium-rich fly ashes.

scholarly journals The ALMA-PILS survey: inventory of complex organic molecules towards IRAS 16293–2422 A

2020 ◽  
Vol 635 ◽  
pp. A48 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Manigand ◽  
J. K. Jørgensen ◽  
H. Calcutt ◽  
H. S. P. Müller ◽  
N. F. W. Ligterink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Rotational Temperature ◽  
Line Strength ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Ethyl Methyl ◽  
Compact Region ◽  
Many Sources ◽  
Complex Organic

Context. Complex organic molecules are detected in many sources in the warm inner regions of envelopes surrounding deeply embedded protostars. Exactly how these species form remains an open question. Aims. This study aims to constrain the formation of complex organic molecules through comparisons of their abundances towards the Class 0 protostellar binary IRAS 16293–2422. Methods. We utilised observations from the ALMA Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey of IRAS 16293–2422. The species identification and the rotational temperature and column density estimation were derived by fitting the extracted spectra towards IRAS 16293–2422 A and IRAS 16293–2422 B with synthetic spectra. The majority of the work in this paper pertains to the analysis of IRAS 16293–2422 A for a comparison with the results from the other binary component, which have already been published. Results. We detect 15 different complex species, as well as 16 isotopologues towards the most luminous companion protostar IRAS 16293–2422 A. Tentative detections of an additional 11 isotopologues are reported. We also searched for and report on the first detections of methoxymethanol (CH3OCH2OH) and trans-ethyl methyl ether (t-C2H5OCH3) towards IRAS 16293–2422 B and the follow-up detection of deuterated isotopologues of acetaldehyde (CH2DCHO and CH3CDO). Twenty-four lines of doubly-deuterated methanol (CHD2OH) are also identified. Conclusions. The comparison between the two protostars of the binary system shows significant differences in abundance for some of the species, which are partially correlated to their spatial distribution. The spatial distribution is consistent with the sublimation temperature of the species; those with higher expected sublimation temperatures are located in the most compact region of the hot corino towards IRAS 16293–2422 A. This spatial differentiation is not resolved in IRAS 16293–2422 B and will require observations at a higher angular resolution. In parallel, the list of identified CHD2OH lines shows the need of accurate spectroscopic data including their line strength.

STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (SEA) OF WASTEWATER REUSE POLICY: A CASE STUDY FROM TIANJIN IN CHINA

2003 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 503-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
XU HE ◽  
ZHU TAN ◽  
DAI SHUGUI
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
National Level ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Strategic Environmental Assessment ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Waste Reuse

China is one of the thirteen countries in the world that lacks water. Rapid economic growth and urbanisation over the past two decades have exerted enormous pressure on China's water resources. The shortage of water resources and serious water pollution have become important factors restraining the sustainable development in the cities. Wastewater reuse has been proven to prevent water pollution and ameliorate the pressure on the water environment. Moreover, wastewater reuse can make up for the lack of funds in wastewater treatment. So, wastewater reuse is a viable choice to realise the sustainable utilisation of water resource in China. There still remain many uncertainties in wastewater reuse. It is strongly recommended that a wastewater reuse policy be pushed forward considering the necessity and the implications to society, the economy and the environment. Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is seen as an important tool for integrating the environmental factors into decision-making. This paper illustrates a case study for SEA — aimed at Tianjin Wastewater Reuse Policy (TWRP). The process of SEA at the policy level and the related problems are presented within this case study. It provides a good framework for carrying out SEA of waste reuse at the national level. The study will support the Chinese Government in developing a national strategy on urban wastewater reuse through an investigation of the existing situations, evaluation of policy options in different areas, and offering recommendations.

Determination of the role and value of water for the sustainable development of Asian cities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kensuke Fukushi
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Sustainable Water Management ◽  
The Sustainable Development

<p>Water is a key element to the economic development and plays vital role in various activities including commercial, households, services, water-landscape, and water transport etc. A good water environment in cities has been achieved in developed countries (for e.g. Japan) through implementation of central wastewater treatment and sewerage systems. However, the development of sustainable water management and introducing a new sewage management method is challenging for the cities of developing nations in Asia in terms of having high capital, energy consumption and the technologies. This paper is evaluating the role and importance of sustainable development of water management methods and systems. Our findings suggest that the developed and developing countries must come forward and work together for the sustainable development of the cities in developing nations particularly by providing skills and efficient technologies for the improvement of water quality and wastewater treatment systems. For this, the progress of a systematic supported decision-making tool to allow investors and consumers to contribute to the development of sustainable water management methods and sewage treatment systems through bi- and multilateral investments. In addition, the active involvement of multi-stakeholders (citizens, local municipalities, industries, policy makers) with financial and non-financial institutions would help to create a “sustainable cities” in developing countries.</p>

scholarly journals Assessment of the pollution incident performance of water and sewerage companies in England

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Purnell ◽  
Nick Mills ◽  
Keith Davis ◽  
Christopher Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Water Industry ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Incident Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pollution Events

Comparison of water and sewerage company pollution performance in relation to severity, frequency and self-reporting of pollution incidents is made difficult by differences in environmental and operational conditions. In England, the deterioration in pollution incident performance across the water industry, makes it important to investigate common trends that could be addressed at national and regional levels. Yet, to date there has been no external peer-reviewed analysis of national pollution incident data in England. This project aimed to analyse available pollution incident data to assess and compare the performance of water and sewerage companies in England. Results indicated that there was significant variation in pollution incident numbers and the severity of the impact on the water environment for different asset types (operational property of the water and sewerage company such as a sewage treatment works).  Increasing numbers of pollution incidents from pumping stations and sewage treatment works, were largely responsible for overall increases in pollution incidents. The highest increase in pollution incidents in 2019, was observed from pumping stations. Variation was evident in company self-reporting percentages across asset types. There were significant positive relationships between the self-reporting percentages of pollution incidents and total numbers of reported pollution incidents per 10,000 km sewer length for pumping stations and sewage treatment works. These results indicate that in at least these asset types, an estimated 5% of pollution incidents could go unreported, if not self-reported by the company. Pollution events not reported quickly by companies, can lead to more severe impacts to the water environment so rapid and consistent reporting of incidents is crucial for limiting damage. The results have significance for the water industry internationally, because the issues presented here are not restricted to England. Whilst this research highlighted a number of key areas for more detailed analysis, in the short-term, research should focus on investigating best practice for reporting pollution incidents. It is important to get an accurate baseline of the number of pollution incidents and whether a proportion are currently going unreported. This research should seek to aid the standardisation of reporting practice across the water industry.

scholarly journals Abundance and spatial distribution of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) larvae during east monsoon in the East Lampung waters, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1326-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
DURANTA D. KEMBAREN ◽  
ZAIRION ZAIRION ◽  
MOHAMMAD M. KAMAL ◽  
YUSLI WARDIATNO
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Larval Abundance ◽  
Swimming Crab ◽  
Portunus Pelagicus ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Larval Stages

Kembaren DD, Zairion, Kamal MM, Wardiatno Y. 2018. Abundance and spatial distribution of blue swimming crab (Portunuspelagicus) larvae during east monsoon in the East Lampung waters, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1326-1333. The blue swimmingcrab/BSC, Portunus pelagicus, is an economically important species in fishery industry and continuously being exploited, particularly inthe East Lampung waters. BSC research in Indonesia during the last decade was only restricted to the adult phase, while research ontheir larval dynamics in nature has not been done yet. This study aimed to assess the abundance and the distribution of BSC larvae, andto describe their correlation to its environmental conditions. This study was conducted in June 2017 (during east monsoon) in the EastLampung waters. Sampling was done in surface water during the daylight hours on nine sites with three replicates on each site. Planktonabundance and oceanographic profile were also recorded from the same sampling site. The result from this study showed that the waterquality from the environment was suitable for the development of BSC larvae. The abundance of the early-stage larvae (Z1-Z3) wasrelatively higher than the late-stage larvae (Z4 and M). The larval stages of BSC were dispersed and completed their development in themid-shore and offshore waters. There was a tendency that the early-stage was more abundant in the northern part, while the late-stagewas more abundant in the southern part of the study area. The highest larval abundance was found in the mid-shore, particularly in sitenumber five, which was influenced by the water mass density and current direction during the east monsoon. Moreover, oxygenconcentration and salinity of the water environment influenced the early-stage larvae abundance more than the late-stages abundance.

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