scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of Defect Risks in Residential Buildings at the Occupancy Phase

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghoon Lee ◽  
Sanghyo Lee ◽  
Jaejun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Loss Distribution ◽  
Surface Appearance ◽  
Operational Risks ◽  
Loss Distribution Approach ◽  
Matrix Cell ◽  
Loss Distributions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Water Problems ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated defect risks in residential buildings using the Loss Distribution Approach (LDA), a method of identifying and quantifying operational risks in economic terms. Analysis was performed on 7554 defects in 48 residential buildings where defect disputes occurred between 2008 and 2017. Defects were classified into eight types: affected functionality, broken items, corrosion, detachment, incorrect installation, missing task, surface appearance, and water problems. Work types were classified into seven groups: reinforced concrete (RC), masonry, finish, mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP), door and windows, furniture, and miscellaneous. Using a risk matrix from these categories, the frequency distribution and severity distribution for each matrix cell was used to calculate loss distributions; these were combined to find the total loss distribution. The defect risks centered on RC and MEP. For RC, broken items and water leaks due to cracks or damage represented the most severe defects. For MEP, severe defects occurred owing to malfunctions in products and installation problems. Loss distributions can be used to create scenarios and corresponding response plans; thus, when a defect dispute occurs, the cost can be assessed. Furthermore, residential buildings’ loss distributions for each cell can be used to evaluate the types of work where defects occur and to verify relevant subcontractor’s abilities.

scholarly journals On the Low Frequency Impact Noise Measurement in Residential Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 2069 (1) ◽  
pp. 012159
Author(s):  
D Urbán ◽  
P Zat’ko
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Pressure ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Spatial Averaging ◽  
Impact Noise ◽  
Normative Requirements ◽  
Enclosed Space ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We commonly encounter cases that, despite the fact that buildings meet normative requirements, people are disturbed by unwanted noise generated by walking and other sources of impact noise. It is not unusual that in practice the designer often moves on the edge of the required criteria in order to reduce the cost of constructions and its parts. In this article, we selected 4 blindly chosen cases of flats where complaints from residents about high levels of impact noise were recorded although the construction meets the requirements set out in the standard. Based on the obtained documentation of in-situ performed measurements by different consulting companies, BEM and FEM models were created, and the distribution of acoustic pressure in an enclosed space and compared different methods of spatial averaging of the resulting acoustic pressure were simulated. The aim of this analysis is to point some of the reasons for possible user complaints about the impact noise despite normative requirements. The usual problems are benevolent national requirements and the issue of measuring noise in the low frequency range and underestimating its significance. The article also discusses the currently set requirements for the evaluation of floor structures in selected countries.

scholarly journals LDA-Based Model for Defect Management in Residential Buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byeol Kim ◽  
Yonghan Ahn ◽  
Sanghyo Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Repair Cost ◽  
Loss Distribution ◽  
Defect Management ◽  
Warranty Period ◽  
Loss Distribution Approach

This study systematically analyzes various defect patterns that occur during the warranty period of residential buildings using the loss distribution approach (LDA). This paper examines 16,108 defects from 133 residential buildings where defect disputes occurred between 2008 and 2018 in South Korea. The analysis results showed that the defect losses were relatively high in reinforcement concrete (RC) work (3/5/10 years), waterproof work (5 years), and finish work (2 years). It is shown that RC work has a high frequency of defects, such as cracks in concrete in public spaces affected by external factors. In addition, it was analyzed that the type of defect needed high repair cost because the area where the defect—such as incorrect installation and missing task—occurred, needed construction again. According to the level of frequency and severity, losses were divided within four zones to provide detailed strategies (by period). This will effectively contribute to minimizing unnecessary losses from defects as quantifying the losses of defects.

scholarly journals Adaptation of a Cost Overrun Risk Prediction Model to the Type of Construction Facility

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Plebankiewicz ◽  
Damian Wieczorek
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Center Of Gravity ◽  
Risk Prediction Model ◽  
Cost Overrun ◽  
Gravity Method ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

To assess the risk of project cost overrun, it is necessary to consider large amounts of symmetric and asymmetric data. This paper proposes a cost overrun risk prediction model, the structure of which is based on the fuzzy inference model of Mamdani. The model consists of numerous inputs and one output (multi-input-single-output (MISO)), based on processes running consecutively in three blocks (the fuzzy block, the interference block, and the block of sharpening the representative output value). The input variables of the model include the share of element costs in the building costs (SE), predicted changes in the number of works (WC), and expected changes in the unit price (PC). For the input variable SE, it is proposed to adjust the fuzzy set shapes to the type of building object. Single-family residential buildings, multi-family residential buildings, office buildings, highways, expressways, and sports fields were analyzed. The initial variable is the value of the risk of exceeding the costs of a given element of a construction investment project (R). In all, 27 rules were assumed in the interference block. Considering the possibility of applying sharpening methods in the cost overrun risk prediction model, the following defuzzification methods were investigated: the first of maxima, middle of maxima, and last of maxima method, the center of gravity method, and the bisector area method. Considering the advantages and disadvantages, the authors assumed that the correct and basic defuzzification method in the cost overrun risk prediction model was the center of gravity method. In order to check the correctness of the assumption made at the stage of designing the rule database, result diagrams were generated for the relationships between the variable (R) and the input variables of individual types of buildings. The results obtained confirm the correctness of the assumed assumptions and allow to consider the input variable (SE), adjusted individually to the model for each type of construction object, as crucial in the context of the impact on the output value of the output variable (R).

The impact of building morphology factors on the cost and aesthetical appearance of urban detached residential buildings in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.K.T. Weerasekara ◽  
Archchana Shandraseharan ◽  
B.A.K.S. Perera ◽  
Vijitha Disaratna
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Successful Design ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Effective Design

Purpose The morphology of a building describes its outline and influences its architectural aesthetics and the cost directly. However, the literature on the impact of morphology on the aesthetics and cost of urban detached residential buildings is scarce. Thus, this study is significant because its aim was to identify the critical building morphology factors and the relationship that each of them maintains with the cost and aesthetics of urban detached residential buildings. Design/methodology/approach The multi-method qualitative approach was used to collect the required empirical data through interviews and case studies and to identify the effect of the morphology factors on the aesthetics and construction cost of urban residences in Sri Lanka, respectively. The collected data were analyzed using manual content analysis and descriptive statistics. Findings The study findings revealed that the morphology factors such as the roof and circulation spaces, open spaces and voids have a high impact on both the building cost and aesthetics. These findings will assist building designers in making effective design decisions on building costs and aesthetics so that a successful design outcome satisfying both the clients and design team could be obtained. Originality/value Although morphology has an impact on the cost and aesthetic of buildings, literature on the subject is scarce. Thus, this study is significant in that it aimed at identifying the significant building morphology factors in urban detached residential buildings and identifying their relationship with the cost and aesthetic of those buildings.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Episodic Rainstorm Event of 18th April and 5th May, 2018 in Taraba State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 150-159
Author(s):  
Ojeh, N. Vincent ◽  
Oruonye, D. Emeka ◽  
Arisabor, Lucky ◽  
Jutum, Felix ◽  
Dovo John ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Event ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
State University ◽  
High Wind Speed ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Meteorological Observatory ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The study assessed the two days episodic rainstorm event that destroyed buildings and led to loss of life in April and May 2018 in Taraba State, northeast Nigeria. Data were from primary and secondary sources. A total of 60 copies of research questionnaires and interviews were used, complimented by data from the meteorological observatory of the Department of Geography, Taraba State University and expert eye witness accounts. The results of the study show that the 2-day rainstorm extreme event with high wind speed of over 600 knots (327 m/s) caused devastating damages to building infrastructures in the state and the roofs of buildings and damage to Globacom Telecommunication mast was profound and five people lost their lives with several others sustaining diverse injuries in 17 communities in Jalingo and Wukari. It led to about 62% of the affected to take refuge outside their homes for over three days while other spent more than 10 days. The schools were more affected with an estimated cost of ₦30,000,000 to fix the damaged infrastructures, followed by government buildings which needs about 24,000, 000 and residential building with estimated cost of ₦ 6,275,000. The cost for fixing the infrastructures damaged in Wukari in comparison to Jalingo was ₦ 9,000,000 for residential buildings, ₦ 6,000,000 for government buildings and ₦ 9,275,000 for schools respectively. Prices of roofing sheets increased with about $6 during the period. It was suggested that wind breakers should be encouraged and the cutting down of trees should be discouraged while creating awareness and encouraging afforestation.

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Karp ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Marguerite Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

TRANSFER FİYATLAMA UYGULAMASININ İŞLETME PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ VE VERGİSEL AÇIDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Serdar KUZU
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
International Transactions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The size of international trade continues to extend rapidly from day to day as a result of the globalization process. This situation causes an increase in the economic activities of businesses in the trading area. One of the main objectives of the cost system applied in businesses is to be able to monitor the competitors and the changes that can be occured as a result of the developments in the sector. Thus, making cost accounting that is proper according to IAS / IFRS and tax legislation has become one of the strategic targets of the companies in most countries. In this respect, businesses should form their cost and pricing systems according to new regulations. Transfer pricing practice is usefull in setting the most proper price for goods that are subject to the transaction, in evaluating the performance of the responsibility centers of business, and in determining if the inter-departmental pricing system is consistent with targets of the business. The taxing powers of different countries and also the taxing powers of different institutions in a country did not overlap. Because of this reason, bringing new regulations to the tax system has become essential. The transfer pricing practice that has been incorporated into the Turkish Tax System is one of the these regulations. The transfer pricing practice which includes national and international transactions has been included in the Corporate Tax Law and Income Tax Law. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of goods and services transfer that will occur between departments of businesses on the responsibility center and business performance, and also the impact of transfer pricing practice on the business performance on the basis of tax-related matters. As a result of the study, it can be said that transfer pricing practice has an impact on business performance in terms of both price and tax-related matters.

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