scholarly journals The Impact of Government Competition on Regional R&D Efficiency: Does Legal Environment Matter in China’s Innovation System?

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baocheng He ◽  
Jiawei Wang ◽  
Jiaoyang Wang ◽  
Kun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Western China ◽  
Legal Environment ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Spatial Panel Data ◽  
The Impact

Local governments are encouraged to compete in R&D investments and activities in China’s innovation system. We aim to understand the influence of government competition on regional R&D efficiency. We are also interested in examining how the attributes of legal environment act as a moderating variable for the relationship between government competition and R&D efficiency. We developed Tobit spatial models with spatial panel data of 30 provinces of China in 2008–2016. The results show that: (1) There exists spatial dependence of R&D efficiency, and the regions with high efficiency have “spillover effect” on the surrounding areas. (2) Government competition has a significant promoting effect on R&D efficiency and/or R&D efficiency spillover. Specifically, government competition has both R&D efficiency promotion and R&D efficiency “spillover” promotion in Eastern China, only R&D efficiency positive spillover promotion in Middle-area and R&D efficiency promotion but negative spillover in Western China. (3) The impact of government competition on efficiency is affected by the legal environment, and the promotion effect of government competition only exists in good legal environment. The results of this study reveal an important way to improve R&D efficiency by establishing a new R&D competition mechanism for local government which is oriented by efficiency and ruled by the legal environment.

scholarly journals Does Airport Preferential Policy Aggravate the Competition of Aviation Hubs in Central and Western China? Based on the Investigation of 78 Airports

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Chengyu Li ◽  
Xiangwu Yan ◽  
Yanbing Zhang ◽  
Ning Xu ◽  
Jin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Western China ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Preferential Policy ◽  
Cargo Throughput ◽  
The Impact

China’s regional economic competition is intensifying; in particular, the cluster development of air transport, high-end manufacturing, and modern service industries is closely related to the construction of regional airports. Local governments have listed aviation hubs as the hardcore advantage of high-quality growth in the new era, but it may also lead to excessive convergence and preferential system competition. Based on the “GDP competition” of local governments in China, this paper uses panel data of 78 airports in mainland China from 2001 to 2018 and tries to explore the causes of airport preferential policies. The Synthetic Control Method is used to study the influence of preferential policies on airport passenger and cargo flow, and then the Spatial Durbin Model is used to verify the spatial spillover effect of aviation hubs, which may be magnified by the preferential policies. This paper finds that the impact of preferential policies on airports in central and western China is mainly reflected in the increase of cargo throughput, and there is a spatial siphon effect on cargo throughput between airports. The implementation of the preferential policy enhances this spatial siphon effect, which in turn leads to more fierce competition. The research results show that the preferential policies, issued in central and western aviation economy, have shown a trend of evolving in the direction of vicious competition. Before the airport preferential system produces more negative effects, it should be corrected in time, and each aviation economic zone in the central and western regions should be scientifically coordinated and reasonably planned.

scholarly journals Does Mobile Phone Penetration Affect Divorce Rate? Evidence from China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaping Zhang ◽  
Mingwang Cheng ◽  
Xinyu Wei ◽  
Xiaomei Gong
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Divorce Rate ◽  
Central China ◽  
Western China ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Lag Times ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Marital happiness is an important symbol of social harmony and can help promote sustainable economic and social development. In recent years, the rapid rise of the divorce rate in China, a country where the divorce rate had previously been low, has attracted wide attention. However, few articles have focused on the popularization of information and communication technology's impact on China’s rising divorce rate in recent years. As a first attempt, the provincial panel data during the period 2001–2016 is applied to study quantitatively the relationship between mobile phone penetration and the divorce rate. In order to get more reliable estimation results, this paper uses two indicators to measure the divorce rate, and quantile regression is applied for further analysis. Additionally, one-year to five-year lag times of the mobile phone penetration are used as the core explanatory variables in order to analyse the lagging effect of mobile phone penetration on divorce rate. The result shows that the correlation between the mobile phone penetration and the divorce rate was statistically positive significant in China during the period 2001–2016. Furthermore, the paper also finds that mobile phone penetration had the greatest impact on divorce rate in central China, followed by eastern China, but it was not obvious in western China during this period. From a technological perspective, this paper provides some possible explanations for the rising divorce rate in China in recent years, and further enriches the relevant research on the impact of the development of information and communication technology on societal changes.

Inbound Tourism as a Driving Force for Regional Innovation: A Spatial Impact Study on China

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Liu ◽  
Peter Nijkamp
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Spatial Panel ◽  
Inbound Tourism ◽  
Spatial Panel Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tourism Flows ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Cross-border flows of people, capital, and information along with inbound tourism flows can act as an important vehicle that benefits the innovation system in tourism destination areas. This study addresses the unintended but far-reaching impact of international tourism by focusing on the influence of inbound tourism on regional innovation in China. Data from 30 Chinese provinces for the years 2003–2012 are used for the empirical analysis, employing a spatial panel data model. The results show that inbound tourism may be a new and powerful driving force for regional innovation, while the effect of inbound tourism on technological innovation appears to be weaker than that on social innovation. Our findings also show that a higher market percentage of domestic tourism may weaken the impact of inbound tourism. Furthermore, the impact of inbound tourism on innovation tends to be relatively stronger in the richer and more internationally oriented provinces of China.

Comparison Analysis and Strategies on the Regional Internet Industry Development in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 2087-2091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Ma ◽  
Li Hua Chen ◽  
Qi Qi Hu ◽  
Yi Ping Luo
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Central China ◽  
Western China ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Industry Development ◽  
Internet Industry ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Better Than

The internet has become an important engine of economic growth and social progress. China is a vast territory country and the local governments have different policy to promote the application of the internet technology. Therefore, the development of China’s internet industry and regional differences will be studied to discover the regional spread pattern of the internet industry in this article, in order to provide suggestions for the depth development of China’s internet industry. The main finding is there are a lot of differences among China’s internet regional development level. The internet development level of Eastern China has been significantly better than the central and western provinces and cities, and Central China has been better than Western China from 2006 to 2010. Finally, the suggestions will be presented for the regional internet industry development.

scholarly journals Government Environmental Information Disclosure and Environmental Performance: Evidence from China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6854
Author(s):  
Xiaoya Zhu ◽  
Yunli Zhu ◽  
Xiaohua Meng
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Environmental Information ◽  
Western China ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Environmental Information Disclosure

Government environmental information disclosure (GEID) is a key policy instrument in environmental governance. Local governments in China are improving the disclosure level of environmental information, but does the environmental information disclosed by local governments reflect the existing state of the local ecological environment? This paper analyzes the correlation between GEID and environmental performance and verifies whether or not the environmental information disclosed by local governments can reflect actual local ecological environment conditions. Based on data from Chinese cities, this paper adopts a multiple regression method, and the results show that the environmental information disclosed by governments can reflect the local environmental performance as a whole, and the higher the level of GEID, the better the local environmental performance; but the relationship between the two has significant regional differences. In eastern China, the higher the level of GEID, the better the local environmental performance. In central and western China, the correlation between GEID and environmental performance is not significant. In addition, it should be noted that the correlation between the level of GEID and the emission intensity of water pollutants is not significant in all regions. This study contributes to further clarifying the effectiveness of GEID policy and identifying a breakthrough for the optimization of environmental policies faced with the dilemma of serious environmental pollution and urgent economic development needs.

The Influence of Neighboring Jurisdictions Matters: Examining the Impact of Natural Disasters on Local Government Fiscal Accounts

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-463
Author(s):  
Yu Shi ◽  
Jingran Sun
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spatial Factors ◽  
General Fund ◽  
Relief Service ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of natural disasters on emergency and disaster relief service (EDRS) expenditure in the governmental funds for sixty-six counties in the state of Florida between 2009 and 2013. Specifically, it will explore whether the fiscal responses of local governments in these fiscal accounts are spatially dependent by using the spatial Durbin model. It finds that EDRS expenditures in the general fund and in the special revenue fund of one county are influenced by the levels of damage in neighboring counties. This study also finds a spillover effect of intergovernmental revenues from state and federal governments on these EDRS expenditures in fiscal accounts. These results suggest that the provision of public goods (such as disaster relief activities) may generate spatial spillover at the local level in the context of US federalism. Moreover, this study highlights the importance of accounting for spatial factors in the study with respect to local jurisdictions’ fiscal reactions to natural disasters.

scholarly journals The Nexus between Misallocation of Land Resources and Green Technological Innovation: A Novel Investigation of Chinese Cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xincai Gao ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Fayyaz Ahmad ◽  
Abbas Ali Chandio ◽  
Munir Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Abstract As an important production factor, land resources significantly impact green technology innovation (GTI). However, the misallocation of land resources caused by the government's "second-hand" land supply strategy has become increasingly prominent, which will adversely affect GTI by affecting the allocation of innovative elements. Based on the research data of 252 cities in China from 2008 to 2017, this paper uses panel space measurement estimation and panel threshold estimation empirical methods to test the theoretical hypothesis of the impact of misallocation of land resources on GTI. The study finds that local or neighboring land resources' misallocation has a hindering effect on local GTI. Furthermore, the misallocation of land resources has a threshold effect on the impact of GTI. The relatively high level of local economic development and environmental regulation reduces the restraining effect of the misallocation of land resources on GTI, and vice versa. Therefore, local governments should optimize the allocation of innovative elements, accelerate the construction of an efficient and market-oriented green technology innovation system, reduce the excessive intervention in land resources, and enhance the vitality of innovation entities to improve the level of green technology innovation.

Biases of aerosol simulation in the AerChemMIP models over China and impact of emission uncertainties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianyi Fan ◽  
Xiaohong Liu ◽  
Chenglai Wu ◽  
Yi Gao ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Western China ◽  
Monsoon Circulation ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Aerosol Radiative Forcing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aerosol Radiative

<p>          Biases of aerosol simulation by models participating the Aerosol and Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project (AerChemMIP) were identified over China. Although the yearly trend of simulated aerosol optical depth (AOD) agrees with the MODIS satellite retrievals for the country-wide averages, this agreement is an offset between the underestimation of AOD over eastern China and the overestimation of AOD over western China. The AODs were underestimated over the Northeastern China Plain and the North China Plain all year along and overestimated over Sichuan Basin in the winter. These model biases were persistent over multiple years from 2002 to 2015. We attempt to evaluate the impact of emission uncertainties on model simulated aerosol properties and aerosol radiative forcing by comparing the simulations by the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) with the default inventory developed by the Community Emission Data System (CEDS) and with a country-level inventory (Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China, MEIC). It turns out that the differences between simulations with the two emission inventories are much smaller than the differences between simulations and observations. Low-bias of precursor gases (e.g., SO<sub>2</sub>), too strong convergence of wind field, too strong dilution and transport by summer monsoon circulation, too much wet scavenging by precipitation, and too weak aerosol swelling due to low-biased relative humidity are suggested to be responsible for the biased AOD in eastern China. This indicates that the influence of emission inventory uncertainties on aerosol radiative forcing can be overwhelmed by influences of biased meteorology and aerosol processes. Therefore, it is necessary for climate models to perform reasonably well in the dynamical, physical and chemical processes in order to estimate the aerosol radiative forcing.   </p>

scholarly journals Does Energy Price Induce China’s Green Energy Innovation?

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 4034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Liu ◽  
Siming Liu ◽  
Xueying Xu ◽  
Pierre Failler
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Western China ◽  
Energy Price ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Price Distortion ◽  
Innovation Capacity ◽  
Energy Innovation ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to comprehensively analyze the relationship between energy price and green energy innovation in China, and first studies the impact of energy price on China’s green energy innovation, then further investigates the moderating role of energy price distortion in the price–innovation relationship, especially in the context of lagging energy marketization level in the process of China’s transition from planned economy to the market economy. Based on the data of 30 provinces in China from 2003 to 2017, this paper provides a measurement of green energy innovation capacity through the number of “alternative energy production” and “energy conservation” patents. Our results show that energy price has a significantly positive impact on China’s green energy innovation, no matter the number of green energy patent applications or the number of green energy patent grants is used as the proxy of green energy innovation capacity. However, there exists heterogeneity related to the influence of energy price on green energy innovation. Specifically, energy price has a noticeable role in promoting green energy innovation in central and western China, but not in eastern China. Further research results show that energy price distortion significantly reduces the inducing effect of energy price on green energy innovation. Meanwhile, the distortion degrees of energy price in the central and western regions of China are significantly lower than that in the eastern region, which explains to a large extent why the inducing effect of energy price on innovation is more prominent in the central and western regions.

scholarly journals Does Environmental Innovation Improve Environmental Productivity?—An Empirical Study Based on the Spatial Panel Data Model of Chinese Urban Agglomerations

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6022
Author(s):  
Junwei Ma ◽  
Jianhua Wang ◽  
Philip Szmedra
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Environmental Innovation ◽  
Spatial Panel ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Spatial Panel Data ◽  
Pollution Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Environmental productivity comprehensively measures economic growth and environmental quality. Environmental innovation is considered to be the key to solving economic and environmental problems. Therefore, discussing the impact of environmental innovation on environmental productivity will reveal its economic and environmental effects. This paper measures environmental productivity by value added per unit of pollution emissions (four types of emissions are used) using panel data of 10 Chinese urban agglomerations from 2003 to 2016 to analyze the spatial correlation of environmental productivity, and constructs a spatial panel data model to empirically test the impact of environmental innovation on environmental productivity. It was found that environmental productivity measured by value added per unit of carbon dioxide emissions (gross domestic product (GDP)/CO2) had a significant positive spatial spillover effect, and measured by value added per unit of sulfur dioxide emissions (GDP/SO2), smoke (dust) emissions (GDP/SDE), and industrial sewage emissions (GDP/IS) had a significant negative spatial spillover effect. Environmental innovation has a significant negative inhibitory effect on environmental productivity measured by GDP/SDE and GDP/IS, but no obvious effect measured by GDP/CO2 and GDP/SO2. Control variables such as economic development level, industrial agglomeration, foreign direct investment, and endowment structure factor also show significant differences in environmental productivity measured by value added per unit of pollution emissions. In addition, there are significant differences in direct effects of explanatory variables on environmental productivity of local regions and indirect effects on neighboring regions. These differences are also related to the types of pollution emissions. Therefore, policymakers should set different policies for different types of pollution and encourage different types of environmental innovation, so as to achieve reduced pollution emissions and improved environmental productivity.

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