scholarly journals An Exploratory Analysis of Curve Trajectories on Two-Lane Rural Highways

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filomena Mauriello ◽  
Alfonso Montella ◽  
Mariano Pernetti ◽  
Francesco Galante
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Ideal Behavior ◽  
Rural Highways ◽  
Horizontal Curves ◽  
Dangerous Behavior ◽  
Normal Behavior ◽  
Surrogate Measure ◽  
Curve Radius ◽  
Dangerous Behaviors

This paper is aimed at obtaining a better understanding of driving behavior on horizontal curves of two-lane rural highways in terms of trajectories in relation to the different curve radii and directions by a driving simulator experiment. The driving simulator experiment involved 50 drivers and eight classes of curve radii, ranging from 125 m to 800 m. Overall, 2000 curve trajectories were analyzed and classified. Six major classes were defined: (1) ideal behavior, (2) normal behavior, (3) driving close to the centerline, (4) driving outside in curve approach, (5) cutting, and (6) correcting. Furthermore, 21 sub-classes were introduced to consider both lane departures and location of the corrective actions. The CATANOVA tests and Bhapkar’s tests showed that both the curve radius and the curve direction had a significant effect on the classification results. To get a clearer understanding of the effect of the curve radius and direction on curve negotiation, three macro-classes corresponding to safe, intermediate, and dangerous behavior were introduced. The safest behaviors significantly increased with the curve radius while the most dangerous behaviors significantly decreased with the curve radius. Furthermore, left curves showed a higher proportion of dangerous trajectories. Overall, it seems that the driving trajectories are a promising surrogate measure of safety as highlighted by the correlation between the trajectories identified as dangerous and the radii of the curves.

scholarly journals Collision prediction on combined horizontal and vertical alignments of two-lane rural highways.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Chong You
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Horizontal Curve ◽  
Rural Highways ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Horizontal Curves ◽  
Curve Radius ◽  
Grade Increase ◽  
Minimum Ratio ◽  
Successful Predictor

This study investigates the safety effects of combined horizontal and vertical alignments using accident occurrences on two-lane rural highways in Washington. Eight statistical models were developed to establish the relationships between vehicle accidents and their associated factors for eight combinations of alignments by the Poisson, negative binomial, zero-inflated Poisson, and zero-inflated negative binomial. Three selected models were validated. The findings show that degree of curvature is the most successful predictor for horizontal curves combined with vertical alignments. A minimum ratio of 25 of vertical curve radius to horizontal curve radius is recommended for a curve with radius of smaller than 6000 ft (or 1830 m). Vertical curves have relatively little influence on accident occurrences at horizontal tangents. The grade value and length of a grade increase accident occurrences when a horizontal curve or tangent is on a grade. A smaller curve should be avoided introducing at a steep grade.

scholarly journals Collision prediction on combined horizontal and vertical alignments of two-lane rural highways.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Chong You
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Horizontal Curve ◽  
Rural Highways ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Horizontal Curves ◽  
Curve Radius ◽  
Grade Increase ◽  
Minimum Ratio ◽  
Successful Predictor

This study investigates the safety effects of combined horizontal and vertical alignments using accident occurrences on two-lane rural highways in Washington. Eight statistical models were developed to establish the relationships between vehicle accidents and their associated factors for eight combinations of alignments by the Poisson, negative binomial, zero-inflated Poisson, and zero-inflated negative binomial. Three selected models were validated. The findings show that degree of curvature is the most successful predictor for horizontal curves combined with vertical alignments. A minimum ratio of 25 of vertical curve radius to horizontal curve radius is recommended for a curve with radius of smaller than 6000 ft (or 1830 m). Vertical curves have relatively little influence on accident occurrences at horizontal tangents. The grade value and length of a grade increase accident occurrences when a horizontal curve or tangent is on a grade. A smaller curve should be avoided introducing at a steep grade.

Operating Speed on Suburban Arterial Curves

1997 ◽  
Vol 1579 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay Fitzpatrick ◽  
C. Brian Shamburger ◽  
Raymond A. Krammes ◽  
Daniel B. Fambro
Keyword(s):  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Horizontal Curve ◽  
Rural Highways ◽  
Horizontal Curves ◽  
Flow Speeds ◽  
Scatter Plots ◽  
Control Section ◽  
Design Speed ◽  
Curve Radius ◽  
Best Fit

Free-flow speeds were collected at both a control section and a curve section at 14 surburban sites with horizontal curves and 10 suburban sites with vertical curves. The scatter plots of the 85th percentile speed versus approach density indicate that when the approach density is between 3 and 15 approaches per km, approach density does not influence speed. Regression analysis indicated that the curve radius for horizontal curves and the inferred design speed for vertical curves can be used to predict the 85th percentile speed on curves for vehicles on the outside lane of a four-lane divided suburban arterial. For horizontal-curve sites, a curvilinear relationship exists between curve radius and the 85th percentile speed. A linear relationship provided the best fit between the inferred design speed and the 85th percentile speed for the vertical curve sites. For the horizontal and vertical curve sites, the speed at which 85th percentile speed becomes less than the inferred design speed is lower for suburban arterials than for rural highways. Drivers on suburban horizontal curves operate at speeds greater than the inferred design speed for curves designed for speeds of 70 kph or less, whereas on rural, two-lane roadways, drivers operate at speeds greater than the inferred design speed for curves designed for speeds of 90 kph or less. For vertical curves, the speeds at which drivers operate greater than the inferred design speed are 90 kph for suburban arterials and 105 kph for rural highways. These results are within 12 kph of the observed 85th percentile speeds on nearby control sections (approximately 80 kph for suburban arterials and 100 kph on rural highways).

Advance Information on the Road: A Simulator Study of the Effect of Road Markings

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Witt ◽  
Carl G. Hoyos
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Speed Profile ◽  
The Road ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Road Signs ◽  
Advance Information ◽  
Simulator Study ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Accident Statistics

Accident statistics and studies of driving behavior have shown repeatedly that curved roads are hazardous. It was hypothesized that the safety of curves could be improved by indicating in advance the course of the road in a more effective way than do traditional road signs. A code of sequences of stripes put on right edge of the pavement was developed to indicate to the driver the radius of the curve ahead. The main characteristic of this code was the frequency of transitions from code elements to gaps between elements. The effect of these markings was investigated on a driving simulator. Twelve subjects drove on simulated roads of different curvature and with different placement of the code in the approach zone. Some positive effects of the advance information could be observed. The subjects drove more steadily, more precisely, and with a more suitable speed profile.

scholarly journals Studying the effect of spiral curves and intersection angle, on the accident ratios in two-lane rural highways in Iran

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossain Jalal Kamali ◽  
Mohammad Saeed Monajjem ◽  
Mohammad Sadegh Ayubirad
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Engineering ◽  
Intersection Angle ◽  
Highway Design ◽  
Rural Highways ◽  
Horizontal Curves ◽  
Accident Rates

Safety in highways is one of the most important subjects in Transportation Engineering. Increasing rate of vehicles and the needs to design or geometrically modifying the highways, emphasized on the safe-designing of the roadways more than before. Between the constructive components of the highway, horizontal curves due to the more occurrences of accidents are of great importance. The American ministry of highway and transportation introduced the software IHSDM, with variant capabilities, to predict accidents. In this research, five types of curves (simple circle curve and clothoid-circle-clothoid) at different intersection angles were designed, and accident rates based on the standard specifications on each curve was predicted by using the IHSDM, and the results are compared with each other. Finally, by processing the curves of accident rates versus the curves types and intersection angle, and comparing them with each other, the necessity of using spiral curves in the highway design is emphasized.

scholarly journals Investigating the impact of Innovative Treatments on Driving Behavior at School Bus Stops: A Driving Simulator Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Suhail Almallah ◽  
Shabna Sayed Mohammed ◽  
Qinaat Hussain ◽  
Wael K. M. Alhajyaseen
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
School Bus ◽  
School Buses ◽  
Bus Stop ◽  
Typical Condition ◽  
Simulator Study ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Traveling Speed

The illegal overtaking/crossing of stopped school buses has been identified as one of the leading causes of students’ injuries and fatalities. The likelihood of students in getting involved in a school bus-related crash increases during loading/unloading. The main objective of this driving simulator study was to study the effectiveness of different treatments in improving students’ safety by reducing the illegal overtaking/crossing of stopped school buses. Treatments used in this research are LED, Road Narrowing and Red Pavement. All proposed treatments were compared with the control condition (i.e., typical condition in the State of Qatar). Seventy-two subjects with valid Qatari driving license were invited to participate in this study. Each subject was exposed to three situations (i.e., Situation 1: the school bus is stopped in the same traveling direction, Situation 2: the school bus is stopped in the opposite traveling direction, Situation 3: the school bus is not present at the bus stop). Results showed that LED and Road Narrowing treatments were effective in reducing the illegal overtaking/crossing of stopped school buses. Moreover, the stopping behavior for drivers in LED and Road Narrowing was more consistent compared to the Red Pavement and control conditions. Finally, LED and Road Narrowing treatments motivated drivers to reduce their traveling speed by 5.16 km/h and 5.11 km/h, respectively, even with the absence of the school bus. Taking into account the results from this study, we recommend the proposed LED and Road Narrowing as potentially effective treatments to improve students’ safety at school bus stop locations.

Studying Driving Behavior on Horizontal Curves using Naturalistic Driving Study Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (17) ◽  
pp. 83-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashar Dhahir ◽  
Yasser Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Horizontal Curves ◽  
Naturalistic Driving Study ◽  
Naturalistic Driving ◽  
Design Consistency ◽  
Favorable Weather

Many studies have been conducted to develop models to predict speed and driver comfort thresholds on horizontal curves, and to evaluate design consistency. The approaches used to develop these models differ from one another in data collection, data processing, assumptions, and analysis. However, some issues might be associated with the data collection that can affect the reliability of collected data and developed models. In addition, analysis of speed behavior on the assumption that vehicles traverse horizontal curves at a constant speed is far from actual driving behavior. Using the Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS) database can help overcome problems associated with data collection. This paper aimed at using NDS data to investigate driving behavior on horizontal curves in terms of speed, longitudinal acceleration, and comfort threshold. The NDS data were valuable in providing clear insight on drivers’ behavior during daytime and favorable weather conditions. A methodology was developed to evaluate driver behavior and was coded in Matlab. Sensitivity analysis was performed to recommend values for the parameters that can affect the output. Analysis of the drivers’ speed behavior and comfort threshold highlighted several issues that describe how drivers traverse horizontal curves that need to be considered in horizontal curve design and consistency evaluation.

Driving Behavior Analysis and Speed Limit Optimization with the Driving Simulator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Wang ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Huachun Tan ◽  
Bin Ran
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Analysis ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Speed Limit
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