scholarly journals Conservation Agriculture Using Coulters: Effects of Crop Residue on Working Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4099
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Longtu Zhu ◽  
Mingwei Li ◽  
Dongyan Huang ◽  
Honglei Jia
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Important Measure ◽  
Corn Residue ◽  
Working Performance ◽  
Tillage Depth

Conservation agriculture is an important measure promoting sustainable agriculture in northeast China. Coulters in the conservation agriculture system are used to cut the excessive residue in strips, loosen soils, and create good seedbeds. Information on the performance of coulters worked in a field with or without corn residue coverage is lacking in the literature. In this study, five coulters were tested in two field conditions at three working velocities to compare their performance. The five coulters were four types of fluted coulters (8 W, 13 W, 18 W, and 25 W) and one notched-flat coulter (NF); the two field conditions were whole residue plots (WR) and no residue plots(NR), and the three working velocities were 8 km/h (V1), 10 km/h (V2), and 12 km/h (V3). All of the tests were tested at a tillage depth of 80 mm. The results showed that the maximum furrow width (Wf), furrow disturbance area (A), and residue coverage change (C) were significantly affected by the working velocity and coulter type, while the cutting force (F) and skid rate (S) were significantly affected by the residue coverage, working velocity, and coulter type. The NF was found to have the smallest furrow profile, residue coverage change, and cutting force, as well as the largest skid rate. Among the fluted coulters, as the wavenumber rose, the cutting force, furrow width, and furrow disturbance area all gradually decreased, while the skid rate and residue coverage change were gradually enhanced. The straw residual intensified the cutting force and reduced the skid rate, which changed by 11.6% and 20.9%, respectively. As the working velocity rose from 8 km/h to 12 km/h, the furrow width, furrow disturbance area, residue coverage change, cutting force, and skid rate increased by 26.5%, 16.5%, 44.6%, 8.2%, and 22.7%, respectively. The results reveal that the flat coulter and large-wavenumber fluted coulters (18 W and 25 W) have less cutting force and are more beneficial for cutting straw residue in residue coverage fields, while the small-wavenumber fluted coulters (8 W and 13 W) are suitable for loosening soil and constructing seedbeds. The cutting force has significant effects on the performance of cutting straw residue, loosening soils, and creating seedbeds.

scholarly journals Comparison of soil and corn residue cutting performance of different discs used for vertical tillage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Zeng ◽  
Dillon Thoms ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Xu Ma
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Cutting Performance ◽  
Promising Practice ◽  
Corn Residue ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Soil Cutting ◽  
Soil Bin ◽  
Corn Residues

AbstractHigh amount of corn (Zea mays L.) residue left in the field interferes with seeding operations, which hinders the viability of conservation agriculture. Vertical tillage is a promising practice in dealing with heavy crop residue, but its effectiveness largely depends on the design and use of tillage machines. In this study, three vertical tillage discs with different shapes, namely notched, plain, and rippled, were tested in a soil bin at two different working depths, shallow (63.5 mm) and deep (127 mm). Corn residues were spread on top of the soil as surface residue. soil cutting forces, soil displacement, and residue mixing with soil, as well as residue cutting were measured. The results showed that the working depth had a stronger effect on the performance of discs as compared to the disc type. No difference in residue cutting was found between the treatments. The deep working depth resulted in 5.1% higher residue mixing, 53.4% greater soil cutting forces, and 34.9% larger soil displacements, as compared to the shallow depth. The rippled disc resulted in the largest soil displacements with the greatest demand in soil cutting forces. Overall, the rippled disc was the most aggressive among the three discs with regard to the performance indicators measured. The results suggested that varying working depth would be an effective approach in changing the soil dynamics and residue cutting performance of the discs for vertical tillage.

scholarly journals Effect of tillage and crop residue on soil temperature following planting for a Black soil in Northeast China

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Shen ◽  
Neil McLaughlin ◽  
Xiaoping Zhang ◽  
Minggang Xu ◽  
Aizhen Liang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Black Soil

scholarly journals Biochar: a potential soil ameliorant for sustainable land, agriculture and environmental development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanat Dwibedi ◽  
VC Pandey ◽  
Donakonda Divyasree
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Chemical Conversion ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Economically Deprived

Biochar or pyrogenic carbon, obtained from thermo-chemical conversion of biomass in an anaerobic or oxygen limited environment has been in use in agriculture since long back to Neolithic era. Its unique soil ameliorating properties, render it suitable for environmental remediation as well as sustainable crop production. It improves soil physicochemical properties and plant nutrient availability, facilitates biodiversity, and reduces emission of greenhouse gases, thereby subsiding global warming. Application of biochar reduces soil erosion, improves soil hydrological properties, and soil microbial dynamics. It has synergistic effects on plant growth, disease-pest resistance, and crop yield per unit area and time. Due to its soil ameliorative effects, and soil and water conserving ability, it can very well be used in organic farming, pemaculture, dryland farming, conservation agriculture, and land remediation. Cheaper production cost, simple and easy pyrolytic technologies, easy availability of feedstock and bio-wastes in many developing countries and its long-term effects in soil not only build up soil carbon pool but also help support small and marginal farmers in resource-rich but economically deprived countries for sustainable agriculture and environment. In this review, efforts have been made to elucidate various methods of biochar synthesis, its characteristics and effects on soil properties, and plant growth and development, its role in sustainable agriculture and remediation of the environment.

Wind erosion control utilizing standing corn residue in Northeast China

2015 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honglei Jia ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Li Guo ◽  
Jian Zhuang ◽  
Lie Tang
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
Corn Residue ◽  
Wind Erosion Control

scholarly journals Conservation Agriculture in mixed crop–livestock systems: Scoping crop residue trade-offs in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia

2012 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Valbuena ◽  
Olaf Erenstein ◽  
Sabine Homann-Kee Tui ◽  
Tahirou Abdoulaye ◽  
Lieven Claessens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Mixed Crop ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Livestock Systems

The effectiveness of regulations and technologies on sustainable use of crop residue in Northeast China

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 519-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingling Hou ◽  
Xiaoguang Chen ◽  
Lena Kuhn ◽  
Jikun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Sustainable Use

Multifaceted application of crop residue biochar as a tool for sustainable agriculture: An ecological perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 324-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rishikesh Singh ◽  
J. Nagendra Babu ◽  
Rabindra Kumar ◽  
Pratap Srivastava ◽  
Pardeep Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Ecological Perspective
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