scholarly journals Impacts of Distance Education on Agricultural Performance and Household Income: Micro-Evidence from Peri-Urban Districts in Beijing

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3945
Author(s):  
Jianxin Guo ◽  
Songqing Jin ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Jichun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Distance Education ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
School Education ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Urban Districts ◽  
Input Use

Information communication technology (ICT) has changed the traditional agricultural extension service mode worldwide. This paper examines the effects of the Rural Distance Education Project (RDEP) on the household income, agricultural productivity, and off-farm employment of farmers in peri-urban areas in Beijing. Using the survey data of 783 randomly selected farm households from 54 villages in three Beijing peri-urban districts in 2014, and the propensity score matching method (PSM), we find that the RDEP has a significant and positive effect on agricultural productivity and input use. Meanwhile, the program’s effects are heterogeneous across districts and households. For example, the RDEP has significant impacts on several outcome indicators, such as agricultural labor productivity (at a 5% level of significance), agricultural land productivity (at a 10% level), and input use intensity (at a 1% level) in Tongzhou (an agriculturally more important district, with a more intensive RDEP usage), but none of these effects is significant in Pinggu district. Furthermore, the RDEP is found to have bigger, and statistically more significant effects, for households with junior high school education than for those with either lower or higher than junior high school education. Furthermore, the RDEP is more effective for households with more assets than those with fewer assets. These results point toward the importance of using a rural distance education program as an effective extension service, and the need to take community and individual characteristics into account in the implementation and design of future programs.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurship and Household Income In Kotamobagu and Bolaang Mongondow

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulus . Kindangen ◽  
Johan . Tumiwa
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Household Income ◽  
School Education ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Village Level ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Adaptive Ability ◽  
The City

The City of Kotamobagu and Regency of Bolaang Mongondow are two selected regions for this research. The respondents of this research are the head of households and/or housewives.The respondents were chosen purposively which are those of at least junior high school education. From 3 villages and 3 kelurahan (kelurahan is a village-level adminitrative region in a city), 60 households were chosen as respondent base. Thus, in average, 10 households were chosen from every village and kelurahan.The result of reseach shows that every independent variable – commitment and perseverance, initiative and action, and adaptive ability – does have positive and significant partial influence on household income in Kotamobagu and Bolaang Mongondow. It also shows that all the independent variables simultaneously influence household income positively and significantly.Keywords : household income, entrepreneurship, commitment and perseverance, initiative and action, and adaptive ability.

scholarly journals Residential exposure to natural outdoor environments and general health among older adults in Shanghai, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baishi Huang ◽  
Ye Liu ◽  
Zhiqiang Feng ◽  
Jamie R. Pearce ◽  
Ruoyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
School Education ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Non Local

Abstract Background Exposure to natural outdoor environments (NOE) has been shown to be beneficial to older adults’ health and functioning, yet this assertion has rarely been tested in China. We investigated the relationships between exposure to NOE and older adults’ self-rated health in Shanghai, China and examined whether these relationships varied by sex, age, education and hukou status. Method This cross-sectional study used micro-data sample of the 2010 Shanghai population census, including 7962 older adults nested within 3345 neighbourhoods. Self-rated health was the outcome variable. Four NOE exposure indicators were calculated for each neighbourhood: the amount of surrounding greenness/blueness and proximity to large green/blue spaces. Multilevel logistic regression was employed to explore the association between natural outdoor environment exposure and self-rated health, adjusting for individual-level and neighbourhood-level covariates. Stratified analyses were used to examine variations by sex, age, education and hukou status. Results Older adults living in neighbourhoods with higher surrounding greenness and higher proximity to both green spaces and blue spaces were more likely to report good health. Residential surrounding blueness was not significantly related to self-rated health. Females, those aged 60–69 years, those who had elementary school or junior high school education and those with non-local hukou benefit more from residential surrounding greenness, and those aged 70–79 years and who had elementary school or junior high school education benefit more from residential proximity to blue spaces. Conclusions Higher residential greenness and proximity to both green spaces and blue spaces were associated with better self-rated health, particularly for females, younger older adults, the low educated and non-local hukou holders. Our findings suggest that urban green spaces and urban blue spaces have different effects on health among Chinese older adults and that the assessment of exposure matters to the investigation of NOE-health relationships.

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