scholarly journals Landslides and Cropland Abandonment in China’s Mountainous Areas: Spatial Distribution, Empirical Analysis and Policy Implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Deng ◽  
Dingde Xu ◽  
Miao Zeng ◽  
Yanbin Qi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Cropland Abandonment ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Government

Cropland, as the largest land use type in the human landscape, contributes to not only biodiversity but also global food security. However, cropland abandonment not only is harmful to agricultural cultural landscapes but also threatens food security. Prior studies have suggested that changes in the social environment drive farmers to abandon cropland. In contrast, this study reveals that factors of the natural environment (e.g., landslides) have steadily and significantly affected cropland abandonment after controlling the factors of the social environment. More specifically, based on the survey data of a large sample of 4850 mountainous households in 24 provinces of China and following the theoretical framework of “environment → land use”, this study quantitatively identified the impacts of landslides on cropland abandonment in mountainous areas using the Probit and Tobit models. The results show that: (1) There is a similar spatial agglomeration trend between landslides and cropland abandonment. Namely, an area that has a high incidence of landslides also has a high incidence of cropland abandonment. (2) There is a significant and positive correlation between landslides and cropland abandonment. Namely, compared with peasants who have not suffered from landslides, the probability that peasants suffering from landslides will abandon cropland and the area abandoned increase by 6.8% and 0.064 mu, respectively. (3) Elderly farmers (over 64 years old) and the development of urbanization help curb cropland abandonment in the mountains. The results of this study may provide reference for the government to implement effective policies for managing landslides and revitalizing unused cropland resources.

Pelaksanaan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 9 Tahun 1975 dalam Perspektif Sosiologi dan Antropologi Hukum Islam

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muchimah MH
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Marriage Law ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975 related to the implementation of marriage was made to support and maximize the implementation of Law No. 1 of 1974 which had not yet proceeded properly. This paper examines Government Regulations related to the implementation of marriage from the perspective of sociology and anthropology of Islamic law. Although the rules already exist, some people still carry out marriages without being registered. This is anthropologically the same as releasing the protection provided by the government to its people for the sake of a rule. In the sociology of Islamic law, protection is a benchmark for the assessment of society in the social environment. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to find out how the implementation of marriage according to PP. No. 9 of 1975 concerning the Marriage Law in the socio-anthropological perspective of Islamic Law.

scholarly journals All for All: Equality, Corruption, and Social Trust

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Rothstein ◽  
Eric M. Uslaner
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Equality Of Opportunity ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Economic Equality ◽  
The Social ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Government

The importance of social trust has become widely accepted in the social sciences. A number of explanations have been put forward for the stark variation in social trust among countries. Among these, participation in voluntary associations received most attention. Yet there is scant evidence that participation can lead to trust. In this article, the authors examine a variable that has not gotten the attention it deserves in the discussion about the sources of generalized trust, namely, equality. They conceptualize equality along two dimensions: economic equality and equality of opportunity. The omission of both these dimensions of equality in the social capital literature is peculiar for several reasons. First, it is obvious that the countries that score highest on social trust also rank highest on economic equality, namely, the Nordic countries, the Netherlands, and Canada. Second, these countries have put a lot of effort in creating equality of opportunity, not least in regard to their policies for public education, health care, labor market opportunities, and (more recently) gender equality. The argument for increasing social trust by reducing inequality has largely been ignored in the policy debates about social trust. Social capital research has to a large extent been used by several governments and policy organizations to send a message to people that the bad things in their society are caused by too little volunteering. The policy implications that follow from the authors' research is that the low levels of trust and social capital that plague many countries are caused by too little government action to reduce inequality. However, many countries with low levels of social trust and social capital may be stuck in what is known as a social trap. The logic of such a situation is the following. Social trust will not increase because massive social inequality prevails, but the public policies that could remedy this situation cannot be established precisely because there is a genuine lack of trust. This lack of trust concerns both “other people” and the government institutions that are needed to implement universal policies.

scholarly journals Implications of Korea`s Saemaul Undong for International Development Policy: A Structural Perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
Kwon Huck Ju
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The Government

Development strategies based on neoliberal theories and good governance have failed to achieved clear outcomes. This paper examines the Saemaul Undong movement in Korea with the contention that it can provide a missing link between market- and state-oriented development policy. Saemaul Undong contributed to social and economic development in Korea not only as a self-help community movement but also as a mechanism of social inclusion. Its success was based on a social structure that was made more open to upward mobility by the land reform of the 1950s. A negative aspect of Saemaul Undong is that it was promoted by the government to mobilize political support for authoritarian President Park Chung Hee. In order to draw policy implications from Saemaul Undong for international development, it is necessary to consider the social and political context of the developing countries under consideration.

scholarly journals A Study on Social Enterprise Policy Landscape in Bangladesh

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Md. Farhan Shahriar ◽  
Md. Mamun Habib
Keyword(s):  
Social Enterprise ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Social Entrepreneur ◽  
Regulatory Affairs ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Policy Priority ◽  
International Good

The purpose of the study is to highlight the policy landscape of the social enterprise which is not spoken in any of the present policies and laws of Bangladesh. This study reviews the existing policies and regulatory affairs related to social enterprise formation and operations in Bangladesh. This study also focuses on the analysis of literature that described the national, regional and international good practices on social enterprise. This study tries to find out the past, present and future insight and findings of social enterprises policy implications in Bangladesh. This study finds the breadth and ranges of the policy approaches that the government has implemented for social enterprise development and policy priority for Bangladesh. Because at present in Bangladesh a social enterprise can establish and operate under different laws as there is no specific policy to register and operate the social enterprise in Bangladesh, so it’s confusing for the social entrepreneur to register under appropriate law that will benefit them in the future. This study is based on the detailed assessment accessible in online literature and current data on social enterprise in Bangladesh, analysis of the existing policies and regulatory affairs on social enterprise in Bangladesh. This study is dependent on the qualitative approach along with the unstructured interviews with the industry experts. This paper presents a solid case study regarding the existing policy and regulatory implications of social enterprise formation and operations in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Security Regulation and Enterprise Innovation in Communication Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Kai Gao ◽  
Lijun Ma
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Communication Industry ◽  
The Social ◽  
Enterprise Innovation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Security Regulations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Government Security

This paper conducted an evolutionary game model of the interaction between the governments and communication enterprises and analyzed the impact of the government’s communication security regulation on the innovation decision-making of communication enterprises. The results show that the behavior of the governments depends on the social benefits, rent-seeking benefits, and regulating costs in strict and de security regulations. The communication enterprises’ behavior depends on the benefits of innovation and the costs in R&D and rent-seeking. When government subsidies are relatively inadequate, the communication enterprises’ strategy under government security regulation swings from not-innovation finally to innovation. The policy implications of this study indicate that appropriate de security regulation by the government will help communication enterprises generate a good atmosphere for innovation, and the appropriate increase in subsidies will be more conducive to driving enterprise innovation.

scholarly journals Mapping Cropland Abandonment in Mountainous Areas Using an Annual Land-Use Trajectory Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 5951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Transfer Policy ◽  
Cropland Abandonment ◽  
Land Transfer ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Trajectory Approach ◽  
Abandoned Cropland ◽  
Cropland Change

In recent years, with the unceasing acceleration of China’s urbanization and rapid development of the country’s economy, cropland abandonment has become an ongoing issue, especially in mountainous areas. Mapping abandoned cropland using remote sensing technology is still challenging due to the difficulties in distinguishing abandoned cropland from fallowed land. In addition, there are few credible approaches to map timing and recultivation of abandoned cropland. In this context, this research developed an annual land-use trajectory approach to map different types of abandoned cropland based on freely available Landsat and HJ-1 satellite images with a spatial resolution of 30 m. Based on this method, five types of cropland change, including one type of fallowed land and two types of abandoned land, were identified in a mountainous town of China (Zhongduo). In addition, the timing and recultivation of abandoned cropland were assessed. The accuracy of the abandonment map was assessed as high as 86.67%. It was found that the percentages of spontaneous abandoned, induced abandoned, fallowed, stable, and lost cropland in Zhongduo were 23.16%, 8.40%, 13.69%, 27.84%, and 26.91% from 2012 to 2017, respectively. The average time for spontaneously abandoned cropland was 3.45 years. Furthermore, 50.54% of the spontaneously abandoned cropland and 12.91% of induced abandoned cropland were recultivated due to fluctuating prices of agricultural products and materials, and the implemented land transfer policy.

scholarly journals Understanding Land Use and Rural Development in the National Scheme of Village Relocation and Urbanization in China: A Case Study of Two Villages in Jiangsu Province

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qidong Huang ◽  
Jiajun Xu ◽  
Hua Qin ◽  
Xinyu Gao
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Policy Preference ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Rural Land Use ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urbanization In China ◽  
The Government

Large-scale village relocation and urbanization, one of the most significant social changes in China, bring villages both development opportunities and social risks. The social risks mainly stem from the government’s strong position in land expropriation and policy preference for urban development. We observe the amalgamation of Anyang and Bomu Village in China and explore the specific role of land policies in the social change and restructuring of the two villages. We find that clan gentries challenge the government’s “absolute” authority over land and landless villagers start the trend of “de-urbanization.” Our research presents targeted policy recommendations in terms of weakening the role of the government in urbanization, strengthening dialogues between the government and clans and coordinating urban and rural land use.

scholarly journals FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES OF LATVIA’S SOCIAL SYSTEM AGAINST THE BACKDROP OF CRISIS

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Vilnis Ādamsons
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Social System ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
State Budget ◽  
National Budget ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

Latvian social system is ahead of serious financial problems. The article analyses causes and beginnings of the crisis, in the context of the 1st budget level of social systems in relation to the national budget, as well as the negative impact of the state budget on the social security budget for the financial future. The government also discussed the measures taken by the social system of financial regulation and their impact on society's social environment. Recommendations have been developed for improvement of the situation.

scholarly journals Gantung Diri Sebagai Penyimpangan Sosial Terhadap Norma Agama

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Nursalam Nursalam ◽  
Nugrawati Nugrawati
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Qualitative Research Method ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

This study aims to find out what is behind the exploitation of child labor and what are the steps of the government to minimize the exploitation of child labor in the city of Makassar, especially in the Manggala sub-district. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research method by means of sampling through Purposive Sampling techniques by selecting a number of informants who have criteria that have been determined by researchers who know about the exploitation of child labor. The results of the study show that the background of the causes of exploitation of child labor in the city of Makassar is the factors of poverty and the influence of the social environment around it. and as for the steps taken by the government to minimize exploitation of child labor by opening free education around the area and by providing understanding to parents that the child should have an education not work. Keywords: Exploitation, Child Labor, Social Aberration

scholarly journals A ASSESSMENT OF URBAN LAND USE CHANGE AND ITS EFFECT ON SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY IN NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-68
Author(s):  
Ogungbenro MATTHEW TAIWO
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scholarly Discussion ◽  
The Government

Many cities in Nigeria are characterised with various land use changes and developments resulting from the menace of urbanization. Tragically, many of these developments are sporadical and unguided, thus, infringing on the social sustainability of these cities. Although it is widely accepted that development must be sustainable, its connection with land use change has not been sufficiently investigated in scholarly discussion especially in Nigeria. This study through literature revision observed that while pursuing physical development occasioned by land use change, little or no attention has been given to the aspect of social sustainability; thus, posing challenges to the peoples’ sense of urban liveability in Nigeria. It was recommended among others that changes in urban land use must be well monitored by the government agencies to avoid harphazard growth in the urban fabrics. The urban land users also must be responsible for adhering to land use guides so as to safeguard the interest in land of the unborn generation

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