scholarly journals Does the Impact of China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment on Reverse Green Technology Process Differ across Countries?

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songping Zhu ◽  
Azhong Ye
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Capital Stock ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Outward Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

The reverse technology spillover effect of Outward Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI) has been widely discussed. In the context of pursuing green growth, a few scholars began to study the impact of OFDI on home country green technological progress or green total factor productivity. However, few of these papers have made a thorough analysis of how OFDI affects the home country’s green technological progress, and have not considered the impact of different types of OFDI on green technological progress. This paper extends the basic analysis framework of technological progress to green technological progress, and discusses for the first time the ways for China to invest in developed and developing countries to achieve green technological progress. Specifically, this paper combines the global Malmquist productivity concept with the directional distance function to construct the global Malmquist Luenberger (GML) index to describe green technological progress of China’s provinces, and uses panel data model from 2003 to 2016 to study the impact of China’s investment in different types of countries. The results show that: (1) China’s investment in developed countries can bring reverse green technology spillovers and promote China’s green technology progress. But this is also affected by China’s domestic human capital stock, the increase in human capital stock is conducive to the absorption of green technology. (2) OFDI flows to transition or developing countries have failed to bring about green technological progress, but domestic R&D capital stock can produce a control response. (3) Environmental regulation, import trade and domestic R&D capital stock can bring positive effects on green technology progress, while foreign direct investment, fiscal decentralization and economic growth hinder green technology progress. (4) There is regional heterogeneity in the impact of OFDI with different directions on green technological progress. Because of environmental regulation and economic development, the eastern region of China is easier to obtain reverse green technology progress than the central and western regions in the process of OFDI.

scholarly journals Do Governance, Foreign Direct Investment and Human Capital Matter to Bolster Trade Liberalization? Fresh Insight from Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-341
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umar ◽  
Imran Sharif Chaudhry ◽  
Muhammad Faheem ◽  
Fatima Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to explore the impact of governance, foreign direct investment and human capital on trade liberalization in developing countries (lower income, middle income and upper middle income). The study employed fixed effect for the period of 2000 to 2019. Results show governance, foreign direct investment and human capital are highly significant with trade liberalization in the case of lower-income countries. In the case of middle-income countries, empirical findings demonstrate governance and foreign direct investment are highly significant with a negative sign, while human capital has positive on trade liberalization. In the case of upper-middle-income countries, results show human capital and foreign direct investment affect positively, while governance has a negative effect on trade liberalization. On the behalf of results it is suggested that in the countries where human capital is high, most of the inflows of foreign direct investment happen. It means that the government can develop human resources to attract more foreign direct investments. The governments of developing countries should also concentrate on education, including training facilities and other quality educational facilities for human skill development.

scholarly journals Does Environmental Regulation Promote Industrial Green Technology Progress? Empirical Evidence from China with a Heterogeneity Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 484
Author(s):  
Yanli Ji ◽  
Jie Xue ◽  
Kaiyang Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Different Types ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
The Impact

The complex relationship between environmental regulation and green technology progress has always been a hot topic of research, especially in developing countries, where the impact of environmental regulation is important. Current research is mainly concerned with the impact of the single environmental regulation on technological progress and lacks study on the diversity of environmental regulations. The main purpose of this paper is to examine the heterogeneity of the effects of different types of environmental regulation on industrial green technology progress. As China’s scale of economy and pollution emissions are both large, and the government has also made great efforts in environmental regulation, this paper takes China as the example for analyses. We first use the EBM-GML method to measure the industrial green technology progress of 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2018, and then apply the panel econometric model and threshold model to empirically investigate the influence of 3 types of environmental regulation. The results show that, first, the impacts of environmental regulation on industrial green technology progress are significantly different; specifically, command-based regulation has no direct significant impact, and autonomous regulation has played a positive role, and market-based regulation’s quadratic curve effect is significant, in which the cost-based and investment-based tool presents an inverted U-sharped and U-sharped, respectively. Second, there may be a weak alternative interaction among different types of environmental regulation. Third, a market-based regulatory tool has a threshold effect; with the upgrading of environmental regulation compliance, the effect of a cost-based tool is characterized by “promotion inhibition”, and that of an investment-based tool is “inhibition promotion”. Finally, the results of regional analysis are basically consistent with those of the national analysis. Based on the study, policy enlightenment is put forward to improve regional industrial green technology progress from the perspective of environmental regulation. This paper can provide a useful analytical framework for studying the relationship between environmental regulation and technological progress in a country, especially in developing countries.

The Rise of Transnational Corporations from Developing Countries in the Second Half of the 20th Century

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11 (109)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Alexey Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Order ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global South ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Outward Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment Stock

The article highlights three stages of the formation of multinationals from developing countries. Although first Argentine TNCs appeared at the turn of the 19th — 20th centuries, in the majority of the Global South countries TNCs appeared in the 1960s — 1980s. With the collapse of the bipolar world order, which in many developing countries was accompanied by significant internal political and economic transformations, the second stage of foreign expansion of TNCs from the Global South began. Indeed, in 1990 they accounted for 6 % of global outward foreign direct investment stock, while the figure was 10 % by the end of 2005. We date the beginning of the third stage to the financial and economic crisis of 2007—2009, since multinationals from developing countries as a whole are more successfully overcoming the period of turbulence in the global economy. By the end of 2020, they accounted for 22 % of global outward foreign direct investment stock, and during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis they generally exported more than 50% of the capital. The modern foreign expansion of such TNCs has many reasons, differs greatly from country to country, and often differs slightly from the specifics of Western multinationals. At the same time, initially, “late internationalization” in developing countries had two main vectors — the use of new opportunities for South — South cooperation and overcoming, through the creation of subsidiaries in highly developed countries, the shortcomings of the business environment of “catching up” countries.

scholarly journals How does Outward Foreign Direct Investment Affect Enterprise Green Technology Innovation? — Based on the Moderating effect of Resources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoqiang Wu ◽  
Sumin HU
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Outward Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Regulatory Effect ◽  
Absorbed Slack ◽  
Unabsorbed Slack

Abstract with the increasing strict environmental regulations in the green transition process, outward foreign direct investment is considered to be an effective approach to promote enterprises’ green technology innovation. Thus, this paper establishes a comprehensive research framework that integrates OFDI and green technology innovation from the micro level of the enterprise to analyze it. The findings show that: First, OFDI will positively affect corporate green-tech innovation as expected; Government subsidies have a U-shaped regulation on the relation between OFDI and green-tech innovation; Absorbed slack plays an inverted U-shaped moderating effect on the relation between OFDI and green-tech innovation, and the unabsorbed slack positively affect this process. As for the heterogeneity of property rights, the test results of non-state-owned enterprises and state-owned enterprises are basically consistent with the baseline results, except for the following two points: the unabsorbed slack of state-owned enterprises has no regulatory effect between OFDI and enterprise green technology innovation, and the absorbed slack of non-state-owned enterprises has no regulatory effect between OFDI and enterprise green technology innovation.

China’s Economic Expansion in Sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
pp. 113-148
Author(s):  
Rhys Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Economic Expansion ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Engineering Projects

The chapter documents the growth of economic relations between China and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), focussing on trade, foreign direct investment, Chinese construction and engineering projects, loans, and aid. The chapter highlights the way in which these are sometimes combined in resources-for-infrastructure deals. It shows the variety of different actors involved in these relationships, including state and non-state actors, on both the Chinese and African sides. It then discusses the role of strategic diplomatic, strategic economic, and commercial objectives in the growing Chinese involvement in SSA. It also addresses questions of African agency and the interests of African actors in economic relations with China. The impact of political, strategic economic and commercial factors on different types of economic relations is then analyzed econometrically.

Korea’s Foreign Direct Investment in the Automotive Industry in China

China Report ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungmin Lee ◽  
Jai S. Mah
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Korean Firm ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the impact of foreign-invested enterprises in the development of China’s automotive industry. It particularly focuses on the case of foreign direct investment (FDI) by a Korean firm, namely, the Hyundai Motor Company, in China. The Chinese government’s policy regarding the automotive industry allowed China’s domestic manufacturers to benefit from technology transfer, as foreign firms were not allowed to invest exclusively in China without a partnership. The contribution of Korea’s investment in China’s automotive industry would comprise the creation of job opportunities, technology transfer and the development of the automobile parts industry. Korea’s investment in the automotive industry of China has policy implications for China and other developing countries trying to expand their technology-intensive industries.

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