scholarly journals Design Optimization of Productive Façades: Integrating Photovoltaic and Farming Systems at the Tropical Technologies Laboratory

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Tablada ◽  
Vesna Kosorić ◽  
Huajing Huang ◽  
Ian Chaplin ◽  
Siu-Kit Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Design Optimization ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Parametric Modelling ◽  
Optimal Arrangement ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Shading Devices

Singapore’s high dependence on imported energy and food resources, and the lack of available land requires an efficient use of the built environment in order to increase energy and food autonomy. This paper proposes the concept of a productive façade (PF) system that integrates photovoltaic (PV) modules as shading devices as well as farming planters. It also outlines the design optimization process for eight PF prototypes comprising two categories of PF systems: Window façade and balcony façade, for four orientations. Five criteria functions describing the potential energy and food production as well as indoor visual and thermal performance were assessed by a parametric modelling tool. Optimal PF prototypes were subsequently obtained through the VIKOR optimization method, which selects the optimal design variants by compromising between the five criteria functions. East and West-facing façades require greater solar protection, and most façades require high-tilt angles on their shading PV panels. The optimal arrangement for vegetable planters involves two planters located relatively low with regard to the railing or window sill. Finally, the optimal façade designs were adjusted according to the availability of resources and the conditions and context of the Tropical Technologies Laboratory (T2 Lab) in Singapore where they are installed.

Shape-design optimization of hull structures considering thermal deformation

2013 ◽  
Vol 228 (13) ◽  
pp. 2266-2277
Author(s):  
Myung-Jin Choi ◽  
Min-Geun Kim ◽  
Seonho Cho
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Design Optimization ◽  
Thermal Deformation ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Optimization Process ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Shape Design ◽  
Shape Design Optimization ◽  
Modified Method

We developed a shape-design optimization method for the thermo-elastoplasticity problems that are applicable to the welding or thermal deformation of hull structures. The point is to determine the shape-design parameters such that the deformed shape after welding fits very well to a desired design. The geometric parameters of curved surfaces are selected as the design parameters. The shell finite elements, forward finite difference sensitivity, modified method of feasible direction algorithm and a programming language ANSYS Parametric Design Language in the established code ANSYS are employed in the shape optimization. The objective function is the weighted summation of differences between the deformed and the target geometries. The proposed method is effective even though new design variables are added to the design space during the optimization process since the multiple steps of design optimization are used during the whole optimization process. To obtain the better optimal design, the weights are determined for the next design optimization, based on the previous optimal results. Numerical examples demonstrate that the localized severe deviations from the target design are effectively prevented in the optimal design.

scholarly journals Design Optimization and Experimental Verification of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Used in Electric Compressors in Electric Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-Whang Baek ◽  
Sang Wook Lee
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Design Optimization ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Synchronous Motor ◽  
Latin Hypercube Design ◽  
Latin Hypercube ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Efficiency Performance

In this study, a shape design optimization method is proposed to improve the efficiency of a 3 kW permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) used in an electric compressor intended for use in an electric vehicle. The proposed method improves the efficiency performance of the electric compressor by improving the torque characteristics of the initial PMSM model. The dimensions of the rotor were set as the design variables and were chosen to maximize efficiency and reduce cogging torque. During the determination of the design points with conventional Latin hypercube design, the experimental points may be closely related to each other. Therefore, the optimal Latin hypercube design was used to optimally distribute the experimental points evenly and improve the space filling characteristics. The Kriging model was used as an interpolation model to predict the optimal values of the design variables. This allowed the formulation of more accurate prediction models with multiple design variables, complex reactions, or nonlinearities. A genetic algorithm was used to identify the optimal solution for the design variables. It was used to satisfy the objective function and to determine the optimal design variables based on established constraints. The optimal design results obtained based on the proposed shape optimization method were confirmed by finite element analyses. For practical verification, the optimal model of the prototype PMSM of an electric compressor was manufactured, and a 1.5% improvement in its efficiency performance was confirmed based on an experimental dynamometer test.

3-D optimal design of laminated yoke of billet heater for rolling wire rod using ON/OFF method

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norio Takahashi ◽  
Shunsuke Nakazaki ◽  
Daisuke Miyagi ◽  
Naoki Uchida ◽  
Keiji Kawanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Optimal Topology ◽  
Field Problem ◽  
Heating Efficiency ◽  
Magnetic Devices ◽  
Wire Rod ◽  
Magnetic Recording Heads ◽  
Sensitivity Method

3-D optimal design of laminated yoke of billet heater for rolling wire rod using ON/OFF method The optimization method using the ON/OFF sensitivity analysis has an advantage that an epoch-making construction of magnetic circuit may be obtained. Therefore, it is attractive for designers of magnetic devices. We have already developed the ON/OFF method for the optimization of a static magnetic field problem, and the effectiveness is verified by applying it to the optimization of magnetic recording heads. In this paper, the ON/OFF sensitivity method is extended to the optimization of the eddy current problem using the adjoint variable. The newly developed ON/OFF method is applied to the determination of the optimal topology of the yoke of the billet heater for rolling wire rod. As a result, the optimal shape of yoke, which we could not imagine beforehand can be obtained. It is shown that the local heating of the yoke was reduced without decreasing the heating efficiency.

scholarly journals A global database of diversified farming effects on biodiversity and yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah K. Jones ◽  
Andrea C. Sánchez ◽  
Stella D. Juventia ◽  
Natalia Estrada-Carmona
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Global Database ◽  
Diversified Farming Systems

AbstractWith the Convention on Biological Diversity conference (COP15), United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26), and United Nations Food Systems Summit, 2021 is a pivotal year for transitioning towards sustainable food systems. Diversified farming systems are key to more sustainable food production. Here we present a global dataset documenting outcomes of diversified farming practices for biodiversity and yields compiled following best standards for systematic review of primary studies and specifically designed for use in meta-analysis. The dataset includes 4076 comparisons of biodiversity outcomes and 1214 of yield in diversified farming systems compared to one of two reference systems. It contains evidence from 48 countries of effects on species from 33 taxonomic orders (spanning insects, plants, birds, mammals, eukaryotes, annelids, fungi, and bacteria) of diversified farming systems producing annual or perennial crops across 12 commodity groups. The dataset presented provides a resource for researchers and practitioners to easily access information on where diversified farming systems effectively contribute to biodiversity and food production outcomes.

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