scholarly journals Uncertainty Analysis for the CH4 Emission Factor of Thermal Power Plant by Monte Carlo Simulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changsang Cho ◽  
Seongmin Kang ◽  
Minwook Kim ◽  
Yoonjung Hong ◽  
Eui-chan Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Uncertainty Range

Thermal power plants are a large source of greenhouse gas emissions among energy industry facilities. Emission factors for methane and nitrous oxide depend on combustion technologies and operating conditions and vary significantly with individual thermal power plants. Due to this variability, use of average emission factors for these gases will introduce relatively large uncertainties. This study determined the CH4 emission factors of thermal power plants currently in operation in Korea by conducting field investigations according to fuel type and type of combustion technique. Through use of the Monte Carlo simulation, the uncertainty range for the CH4 emission factor was determined. The estimation showed, at the 95% confidence level, that the uncertainty range for CH4 emission factor from a tangential firing boiler using bituminous coal was −46.6% to +145.2%. The range for the opposed wall-firing boiler was −25.3% to +70.9%. The range for the tangential firing boiler using fuel oil was −39.0% to 93.5%, that from the opposed wall-firing boiler was −47.7% to +201.1%, and that from the internal combustion engine boiler was −38.7% to +106.1%. Finally, the uncertainty range for the CH4 emission factor from the combined cycle boiler using LNG was −90% to +326%.

Model to Estimate Mass Emissions of Atmospheric Pollutants in Thermal Power Plants

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose´ I. Huertas ◽  
Mauricio Y. Carmona ◽  
Diego Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Us Epa

Currently there is a need for a model to estimate mass emissions of atmospheric pollutants at the exit of the stacks of thermal power plants that operate under a variable regime of electric power generation based on the variables that typically are monitored during the operation of the plants. The recommended alternative to calculate the mass emissions of pollutants is based on the experimental measurements of pollutant concentration, velocity and temperature at the exit of the stack. This alternative is expensive and cumbersome to implement. Alternatively the US EPA emission factors can be used. However, the emission factors require modifications to account for the type of fuel, the technology used to control emissions, maintenance of the equipment, and the local environmental conditions. As a solution, this paper presents a model to estimate emissions of atmospheric pollutants in thermal power plants based on the variables that are continuously monitored during the operation of most of the thermal power plants in Mexico such as fuel chemical composition, fuel consumption, air to fuel ratio of the combustion process, and mean boiler temperature. The proposed model was calibrated by continuously measuring all the variables included in the three models during one week of operation of a 2.2 GW thermal power plant located in the continental area of the Gulf of Mexico. This plant has six units of generation that operate with fuel oil and one with natural gas. Results obtained from the three methodologies described before were compared. It was concluded that the NOx, SOx and CO results of the proposed model follow closely the results obtained using the measurements of concentration, velocity and temperature at the exit of the stack method. It was also found that the results of the emission factors methodology require to be adjusted to include the particular operating conditions of each unit of electricity generation.

scholarly journals Selection of Heat Pump Capacity Used at Thermal Power Plants under Electricity Market Operating Conditions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Milana Treshcheva ◽  
Irina Anikina ◽  
Vitaly Sergeev ◽  
Sergey Skulkin ◽  
Dmitry Treshchev
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Maximum Heat

The percentage of heat pumps used in thermal power plants (TPPs) in the fuel and energy balance is extremely low in in most countries. One of the reasons for this is the lack of a systematic approach to selecting and justifying the circuit solutions and equipment capacity. This article aims to develop a new method of calculating the maximum capacity of heat pumps. The method proposed in the article has elements of marginal analysis. It takes into account the limitation of heat pump capacity by break-even operation at electric power market (compensation of fuel expenses, connected with electric power production). In this case, the heat pump’s maximum allowable capacity depends on the electric capacity of TPP, electricity consumption for own needs, specific consumption of conditional fuel for electricity production, a ratio of prices for energy resources, and a conversion factor of heat pump. For TPP based on combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) CCGT-450 with prices at the Russian energy resources markets at the level of 2019, when operating with the maximum heat load, the allowable heat pump capacity will be about 50 MW, and when operating with the minimum heat load—about 200 MW.

Experimental determination and analysis of CO2, SO2 and NOx emission factors in Iran’s thermal power plants

Energy ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 2992-2998 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nazari ◽  
O. Shahhoseini ◽  
A. Sohrabi-Kashani ◽  
S. Davari ◽  
R. Paydar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Thermal Power Plants

scholarly journals Current state and forecast of sulfur dioxide and dust emissions at thermal power plants of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
I. A Volchyn ◽  
L. S Haponych ◽  
W. Ja Przybylski
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Dust Emissions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Heat Value ◽  
Specific Emissions

Purpose. Analysing the current state of sulfur dioxide and dust emissions from coal combustion at thermal power plants of Ukraine, predicting them with regard to changes which have occurred in the Ukrainian power industry over the last years, and estimating these emissions to compare with the limit gross emission values of pollutants according to the National Emissions Reduction Plan. Methodology. The method for calculating the pollutant emissions is elaborated, based on using the quantity of produced or supplied electricity for each year of TPP operation. Findings. It has been established that the gross emissions of SO2 at Ukrainian TPPs over the last years have amounted to about 620 thousand tons, and those of dust have made 140 thousand tons. In 2019, the average emission factors for all types of coal were 1180 g/GJ (for sulfur dioxide) and 288 g/GJ (for dust). The average values of specific emissions of SO2 and dust were 14.4 and 3.4g/kWh of supplied electricity, respectively, as compared with 1.2 and 0.2 g/kWh, which are characteristic of the current level at coal TPPs of the EU countries. Originality. Analytic dependency has been established between SO2 emission factors in flue gas at coal TPPs and low heat value and sulfur and ash content for Ukrainian energy coal. Practical value. The developed method allows one to perform calculations of maximum permissible and predicted gross emissions of SO2 and dust at TPPs of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Review of Process Modeling of Solid-Fuel Thermal Power Plants for Flexible and Off-Design Operation

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6587
Author(s):  
Ioannis Avagianos ◽  
Dimitrios Rakopoulos ◽  
Sotirios Karellas ◽  
Emmanouil Kakaras
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Process Modeling ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Flexible Operation

Since the widespread deployment of non-dispatchable, intermittent, and highly variable power production from renewable energy sources (RES), the demand for flexible power production has been steadily growing. As new-built dispatchable power plants have not been very quickly adapted to the emerging flexible operation, this task has been addressed by existing plants as well. Existing solid-fuel thermal power plants have undergone an extensive study to increase their flexible operation. Thermodynamic process-modeling tools have been extensively used for plant modeling. Steady- and transient-state simulations have been performed under various operating regimes, supplying valuable results for efficient power-plant operation. Flexibility aspects regarding low-load operation and steady operational conditions are mostly investigated with steady-state simulations. Flexibility aspects related to variation over time such as ramping rates are investigated with transient simulations. The off-design operation is mainly attributed to the existing fleet of power plants, struggling to balance between their former operational schemes as base and/or medium-load plants. However, off-design operation is also considered for new plants in the design phase and is included as a simulation aspect. Process modeling turns out to be a proven tool for calculating plant flexibility and predicting extreme operating conditions, defining further steps for a new operational scheme, drafting accident mitigation control procedures or, furthermore, provisioning more complex and cross-field future tasks. A review of the off-design aspect as a simulation approach is undertaken and presented in this work. Finally, challenges and future perspectives for this aspect of solid-fuel thermal power plants are discussed.

scholarly journals Data on Emission Factors of Gaseous Emissions from Combustion of Woody Biomasses as Potential Fuels for Firing Thermal Power Plants in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Francis Boluwaji Elehinafe ◽  
Oyetunji Babatunde Okedere ◽  
Queen Edidiong Ebong-Bassey ◽  
Jacob Ademola Sonibare
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Political Will ◽  
So2 Emission ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Citrus Medica ◽  
Southwest Nigeria

This work generated data on the emission factors of air emissions from combustion of woody biomasses collected from southwest, Nigeria. This was with a view to finding their potentials as sustainable and environmentally friendly fuels for firing thermal power plants compared to coals. The data on heating values and elemental contents (carbon, sulphur and nitrogen) responsible for gaseous emissions in the 100 woody biomasses were collected from the previous results of this work to determine the gaseous emission factors on the expected condition of complete combustion. The current results showed that the CO2 emission factors ranged from 0.0147 kg/(MJ/kg) for Ficus mucuso to 0.1499 kg/(MJ/kg) for Spondias mombin, SO2 emission factors ranged from 0.0000000 kg/(MJ/kg) for Pterygota macrocarpa, Irvingia grandifolia, and fifteen others, to 0.0011341kg/(MJ/kg) for Khaya ivorensis, while NO2 emission factors ranged from 0.0000000 kg/(MJ/kg) for Citrus medica to 0.0035824 kg/(MJ/kg) for Ficus carica. Considering the minimal emissions from biomasses compared to coal species, serious political will is needed on the part of the Nigerian government to propagate these biomasses for fuels in firing the thermal plants in the country.

scholarly journals Condition Monitoring of Internal Combustion Engines in Thermal Power Plants Based on Control Charts and Adapted Nelson Rules

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4924
Author(s):  
Fernanda Mitchelly Vilas Boas ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Borges-da-Silva ◽  
Helcio Francisco Villa-Nova ◽  
Erik Leandro Bonaldi ◽  
Levy Ely Lacerda Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Statistical Control ◽  
Operational Conditions

In thermal power plants, the internal combustion engines are constantly subjected to stresses, requiring a continuous monitoring system in order to check their operating conditions. However, most of the time, these monitoring systems only indicate if the monitored parameters are in nonconformity close to the occurrence of a catastrophic failure—they do not allow a predictive analysis of the operating conditions of the machine. In this paper, a statistical model, based on the statistical control process and Nelson Rules, is proposed to analyze the operational conditions of the machine based on the supervisory system data. The statistical model is validated through comparisons with entries of the plant logbook. It is demonstrated that the results obtained with the proposed statistical model match perfectly with the entries of the logbook, showing our model to be a promising tool for making decisions concerning maintenance in the plant.

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