scholarly journals Efficiency Analysis of Official Development Assistance Provided by Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Gi Hwang ◽  
Soohyun Park ◽  
Daecheol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Development Assistance ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Official Development Assistance ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Average Efficiency ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Dea Efficiency ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Tobit Regression Analysis

Results of the CDI and QODA evaluation developed by OECD showed that Korea’s aid presented low efficiency compared to other aid countries. However, these methods represent a qualitative assessment of the effectiveness of each country’s aid and are not applicable to the evaluation of actual aid projects and the identification of causes of the inefficiency. Therefore, it is needed to grasp the reality of Korea’s aid and to identify the cause of aid inefficiency to set up a better ODA policy. The purpose of this study is to improve the effectiveness of Korea’s Official Development Assistance (ODA) provided to developing countries. To do this, we analyzed the efficiency of ODA provided to 33 recipient countries by Korea through data envelopment analysis method. The effects of three factors, illiteracy, integrity, and GDP, on efficiency were also investigated by utilizing a Tobit regression analysis. As a result of the DEA efficiency analysis, it was found that the average efficiency was about 65.74%. By region, the average efficiency scores of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, and Middle East and Eastern Europe were about 47.8%, 78.9%, 70.4%, and 62.7%, respectively. This indicates that Asian countries are inefficient compared to countries from other regions. It was also found that GDP, integrity, and illiteracy have positive effects on efficiency. The methodology proposed in this study can be used for other studies to create an aid policy that produces efficient results.

scholarly journals Does official development assistance affect a donor’s exports? South Korea’s case

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bobae Noh ◽  
Almas Heshmati
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Official Development Assistance ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Unobserved Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of official development assistance (ODA) provided by South Korea for its exports to recipient countries. The empirical analysis is based on data from 1996 to 2014 and covers 121 recipient countries. The paper uses a 3SLS estimation method that accounts for a two-way causal relationship between ODA and exports while the endogeneity and sample selection bias are accounted for. Using the gravity model, we confirm the positive effects of ODA when fixed unobserved effects are controlled. The model is further generalized by disaggregating ODA into its underlying types of aid. Our results show that technical cooperation and loans have positive and significant effects, but grants have a negative impact on South Korea’s exports to recipient countries. In addition, we also examine South Korea’s ODA allocations. Our findings suggest that there is a two-stage decision-making process in the provision of aid. In the first stage, the aid’s humanitarian purpose plays a key role in responding to countries’ needs even when there is lower bilateral trade with these countries. In the second stage, decisions regarding the size of ODA are considered and these present a mixed purpose for giving ODA to higher importer countries.

scholarly journals Determinants of Cost Efficiency of Takaful and Conventional Insurance Firms of Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-340
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abbas ◽  
Allah Bakhsh Khan ◽  
Salman Abbasi ◽  
Zeeshan Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Equity Capital ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Efficiency Performance ◽  
Dea Efficiency ◽  
Insurance Firms ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Tobit Regression Analysis

This study investigates the Efficiency Performance of Takaful and Conventional Insurance Firms of Pakistan in terms of Cost, Allocative and Technical efficiencies for the period of 2010-2015. Six years panel data of Takaful and listed Conventional Insurance Firms of Pakistan is taken under consideration. The Methodology of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used in order to estimate efficiencies scores. Furthermore, Tobit Regression Analysis is carried out for determination of the real contributors of efficiencies in Insurance and takaful Industry of Pakistan. In Data Envelopment Analysis, Labor, Total Fixed Assets and Total Equity Capital are used as input variables. Simultaneously, the price variables are used along with input variables such as Price of Labor, Price of Total Fixed Assets and Price of Total Equity Capital. The output variables include Invested Assets, Investment Incomes and Net Premiums. In second Stage Analysis (i.e. Tobit regression), DEA efficiency scores are used as dependent variable, whereas Age, Size, and Leverage are used as independent variables along with the dummy for conventional and Takaful firms of Pakistan. This study found that Takaful and insurance firms have been operating on almost equal efficiency levels. Furthermore LEVERAGE is the main contributor for efficiency optimization, followed by the firm SIZE, whereas, firm’s AGE has no contribution in efficiency scores.

scholarly journals Effect of International Capital Inflows on Economic Growth of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Okoro, C. O. ◽  
Nzotta, S. N. ◽  
Alajekwu, U. B.
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
External Debt ◽  
Official Development Assistance ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Capital Inflows ◽  
International Capital ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Long Run

The study examined the effect of international capital inflows on economic growth of Nigeria for the periods, 1986 to 2016. The study employed four core channels of international capital inflows which includes foreign direct investment (FDI), official development assistance (ODA), personal remittances (REM), and external debt stock (EXTDS) into Nigeria as the explanatory variables and GDP growth rate as the dependent variable. The model of the study was hinged on the Harrod-Domar growth model and employed Johansen co-integration and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) techniques for data analyses. The result showed that international capital inflows have long run effect on economic growth of Nigeria. Specifically, the OLS revealed that FDI and REM had significant positive effects on economic growth. However, EXTDS and ODA had no significant effects on economic growth. The study further showed that international capital is a powerful tool for boosting economic growth of Nigeria(R-square = 71%). The recommendations among others include that policy makers should forthwith discourage the use of external debt and official development assistance in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Efficiency Analysis of East Asian Zinc Smelters and the Effects of Capacity and Bonus Zinc on Efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Park ◽  
Daecheol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Iron Aluminum ◽  
Tobit Regression Analysis ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale ◽  
Variable Returns To Scale

Non-ferrous metals are widely used as basic materials in various industrial fields, and zinc is a metal that is produced and used next to iron, aluminum, and copper. In this study, DEA (data envelopment analysis) was applied to measure the efficiency of 43 zinc smelters in three countries in East Asia: Korea, China, and Japan. The constant returns to scale (CRS) and the variable returns to scale (VRS) models, and the slack-based measure (SBM) were used for the analysis. As a result of the efficiency analysis, there were three efficient zinc smelters in the CRS model, 14 in the VRS model and 14 in the SBM. The average efficiency was 0.458 based on the SBM, which indicates that there is room for improvement in efficiency. In addition, the average scale efficiency value was 0.689, showing the scale to be inefficient. Therefore, it can be seen that the labor cost and the energy cost must be brought to an appropriate level. The Tobit regression analysis was used to analyze the causes of efficiency. The greater the capacity and the larger amount of bonus Zn of the refinery, the higher the efficiency of the refinery.

scholarly journals The Determinant of Banking Efficiency (Data Envelopment Analysis Based on Intermediation Approach)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
Nabila Zahra ◽  
Darwanto Darwanto
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Banking Efficiency ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Optimal Output ◽  
Low Efficiency

This research aims at analyzing the level of efficiency with intermediation approach and determinant of efficiency of Bank Pembangunan Daerah (BPD). Efficiency is measured using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method based on the intermediation approach. This research   contribute on modelling of determinant of efficiency of Bank Pembangunan Daerah (BPD) using intermediation approach.  The object of this research is 26 BPD(s). Furthermore, the determinant of efficiency of BPD is analyzed using the Tobit regression. The level of efficiency is the dependent variable. Meanwhile, the independent variables used are CAR, LDR, NPL, NIM, ROA, Inflation, Economic Growth, and Interest Rate. The research results show that BPD has a different efficiency level average (high, sufficient, moderate, and low efficiency level average). This is due to the use of inputs that have an impact on the optimal output maximization. CAR and LDR have the significant and positive effects on the efficiency of BPD. Interest rate and inflation have the significant and negative effects on the efficiency of BPD. Meanwhile, NPL, NIM, ROA and Economic Growth have no effects on the efficiency of BPD. This results is expected to contribute in identifying any factor affecting the efficiency of BPD, both the internal and macro economy, and also to be the stimulus for the development of health measuring instrument of BPD in which efficiency reflects the quality of risk management on the intermediary activity of BPD.

scholarly journals Relationships between post appraisal criteria and performance of official development assistance infrastructure projects: The case studies of Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-157
Author(s):  
Nguyen Luong Hai
Keyword(s):  
Development Assistance ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Official Development Assistance ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Stay Cable ◽  
Project Controlling ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
And Performance

Annual investment in infrastructure industry of Vietnam has expanded substantially since the adoption of reform and opening-up policy in 1986. Although this investment helps improving the capacity of infrastructure system, there are challenges in terms of project performance, which has been informed to be confronting with a number of critical problems, related to low competitiveness, poor quality, cost overruns, time delays, poor productivity, low efficiency and client dissatisfaction. Contributing to the massive investment, the Official Development Assistance (ODA) infrastructure projects (ODAIPs) has been played a vital role in the development for the last decades. The success of an ODAIP is determined by stakeholders’ perspective who have diverse objectives and concerns. At the completion of any ODAIPs, a preparation of a post project completion report is required with verifying all aspects of the ODAIPs have been completed, authorizing the project budget and discussing the issues that had been encountered over the course of project, which is needed to implications for further ODAIPs. This study aims to analyze the users’ perspectives in post appraisal of ODAIPs in regard to the functions of project management, including project conception, project planning, project directing and project controlling. The analyses were performed from users’ related project-specific data that were collected from 27 completed ODAIPs in Vietnam. The findings of this study are expected to offer not only a useful tool for construction professionals delivering appropriately managerial functions contributing to ODAIPs success and sustainability, but also active feedbacks to further enhancing of the ODA’s policies. Keywords: stay cable; rain - wind induced vibration; rivulet; analytical model; vibration.

Opportunities for accelerating labor productivity growth: The role of small and medium enterprises

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-114
Author(s):  
Evguenia V. Bessonova ◽  
Alexander G. Morozov ◽  
Natalia A. Turdyeva ◽  
Anna N. Tsvetkova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Labor Productivity Growth ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Medium Firms

The paper considers necessary conditions for acceleration of labor productivity growth in Russia. Based on micro data, as well as aggregate data, the paper quantifies the contribution of small and medium firms to labor productivity growth. It shows that mere increase of the number of small and medium enterprises is not as important for positive effects of these programs, as qualitative improvements: development of favorable environment for growth, which is largely determined by business climate. Accelerating productivity growth involves redistribution of labor and capital from inefficient to efficient enterprises. In particular, it is necessary to create conditions, which allow a firm to grow after it enters the market instead of stagnating as a small firm with low efficiency. At the same time, it is necessary for ineffective firms, which exhausted their growth potential, to have an opportunity to exit the market easily leaving resources including labor to fast-growing companies.

Income Diversification and Bank Efficiency in Vietnam

2017 ◽  
pp. 52-67
Author(s):  
Sang Nguyen Minh
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Commercial Banking ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

This study uses the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method to estimate the technical efficiency index of 34 Vietnamese commercial banks in the period 2007-2015, and then it analyzes the impact of income diversification on the operational efficiency of Vietnamese commercial banks through a censored regression model - the Tobit regression model. Research results indicate that income diversification has positive effects on the operational efficiency of Vietnamese commercial banks in the research period. Based on study results, in this research some recommendations forpolicy are given to enhance the operational efficiency of Vietnam’s commercial banking system.

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