scholarly journals Reputation Effects in Socially Driven Sharing Economy Transactions

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten ter Huurne ◽  
Amber Ronteltap ◽  
Chenhui Guo ◽  
Rense Corten ◽  
Vincent Buskens
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Reputation Systems ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
Information Effect ◽  
Seller Reputation ◽  
Reputation Effects ◽  
Product Description

Reputation has often been proposed as the central mechanism that creates trust in the sharing economy. However, some sharing platforms that focus primarily on social rather than economically driven exchanges have managed to facilitate exchanges between users without the use of a reputation system. This could indicate that socially driven exchanges are in less need of reputation systems and that having sufficient trust is less problematic. We examine the effect of seller reputation on sales and price as proxies for trust, using a large dataset from a Dutch meal-sharing platform. This platform aims to stimulate social interactions between people via meal sharing. Multilevel regression analyses were used to test the association of reputation with trust. Our main empirical results are that reputation affects both sales and price positively, consistent with the existing reputation literature. We also found evidence of the presence of an information effect, i.e., the influence of reputation on sharing decreases when additional profile information is provided (e.g., a profile photo, a product description). Our results thus confirm the effectiveness of reputation in more socially driven exchanges also. Consequently, platform owners are advised to use reputation on their platform to increase sharing between its users.

scholarly journals Post-event processing after embarrassing situations: Comparing experience sampling data of depressed and socially anxious individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin Čolić ◽  
Anna Latysheva ◽  
Tyler R. Bassett ◽  
Christian Imboden ◽  
Klaus Bader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Event Processing ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Event Based

Background Post-event processing (PEP) after social interactions (SIs) contributes to the persistence of social phobia (SP). This study investigated whether PEP as a transdiagnostic process also occurs in major depressive disorder (MDD) and controls. We also tested to what extent PEP was explained by trait levels of social anxiety (SA) or depression. Method For seven days, a total of n = 165 patients (n = 47 SP, n = 118 MDD) and n = 119 controls completed five surveys per day on their smartphones. Event-based experience sampling was used. PEP was assessed following subjective embarrassment in SIs with two reliable items from the Post-Event Processing Questionnaire. Data were analysed via multilevel regression analyses. Results Individuals with SP or MDD experienced more embarrassing SIs than controls and, accordingly, more PEP. The relative frequency of PEP after embarrassing SIs was equally high in all groups (86-96%). The groups did not differ regarding the amount of time PEP was experienced. After controlling trait depression, embarrassment occurred more frequently only in SP compared to controls. When controlling trait SA, between-group differences in indications of embarrassment, and consequently in PEP, dissipated. Conclusions PEP could be interpreted as a common coping strategy among all individuals, while more frequent embarrassment might be specific for clinical groups. Embarrassment was primarily driven by SA. The alleviation of SA could lead to the reduction of embarrassment and, further, of PEP. On this basis, a model describing PEP in MDD is proposed, while current models of PEP in SP are complemented.

scholarly journals Reputation offsets trust judgments based on social biases among Airbnb users

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (37) ◽  
pp. 9848-9853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Abrahao ◽  
Paolo Parigi ◽  
Alok Gupta ◽  
Karen S. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Reputation Systems ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Independent Population ◽  
Natural Tendency ◽  
The Common ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Social Biases

To provide social exchange on a global level, sharing-economy companies leverage interpersonal trust between their members on a scale unimaginable even a few years ago. A challenge to this mission is the presence of social biases among a large heterogeneous and independent population of users, a factor that hinders the growth of these services. We investigate whether and to what extent a sharing-economy platform can design artificially engineered features, such as reputation systems, to override people’s natural tendency to base judgments of trustworthiness on social biases. We focus on the common tendency to trust others who are similar (i.e., homophily) as a source of bias. We test this argument through an online experiment with 8,906 users of Airbnb, a leading hospitality company in the sharing economy. The experiment is based on an interpersonal investment game, in which we vary the characteristics of recipients to study trust through the interplay between homophily and reputation. Our findings show that reputation systems can significantly increase the trust between dissimilar users and that risk aversion has an inverse relationship with trust given high reputation. We also present evidence that our experimental findings are confirmed by analyses of 1 million actual hospitality interactions among users of Airbnb.

scholarly journals Preregistered replication of Stoeber (2012): Dyadic perfectionism in romantic relationships

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Williams ◽  
Catelyn Gill
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Dyadic Perfectionism

The present study reports a preregistered replication of a study by Stoeber (2012) investigating the relationships between dyadic perfectionism, relationship satisfaction and longterm commitment. Our study included 71 couples in a dyadic design that measured actor and partner effects using multilevel regression analyses. The findings were mixed: We were able to reproduce some of the relationships reported by Stoeber, some failed to reproduce, and some new relationships were found. Participants who perceived that their partners had perfectionistic expectations of them did tend to report lower relationship satisfaction and longterm commitment. However, there was no evidence of a relationship between the degree to which participants self-reported having perfectionistic standards towards their partners and their partners’ relationship satisfaction and longterm commitment.

scholarly journals How Reputation Systems Change the Psychological Antecedents of Fairness in Virtual Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Stefania Collodi ◽  
Maria Fiorenza ◽  
Andrea Guazzini ◽  
Mirko Duradoni
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Social Dilemma ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Bargaining Game ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Reputation Systems ◽  
The Social

Reputational systems promote pro-social behaviors, also in virtual environments, therefore their study contributes to the knowledge of social interactions. Literature findings emphasize the power of reputation in fostering fairness in many circumstances, even when its influence is not directly oriented towards specific individuals. The present study contributes to the investigation of the psychological antecedents of fairness, introducing (or not) reputation in the social dilemma framework. Although reputational systems usually influence fairness dynamics, there are also socio-psychological characteristics that can play a role, affecting the adhesion to the norm online. To investigate their effects, we employed a virtual bargaining game that could include a reputational system depending on the experimental condition. Results show that the participant’s fairness could be significantly influenced by socio-psychological and demographic characteristics, as well as personality traits. Reputation seems to decrease fairness in those individuals who report high levels of Neuroticism and Openness. At the same time, high values of Self-Efficacy appear to be more likely associated with unfair behaviors when reputation is off the bargaining. Finally, Age and Sense of Community emerge as fairness promoters regardless of the experimental condition.

scholarly journals Perceived personal deadlines for late-life preparation across adulthood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frieder R. Lang ◽  
Fiona S. Rupprecht
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Throughout adulthood, individuals follow personal timetables of deadlines that shape the course of aging. We examine 6-year-longitudinal data of perceived personal deadlines for starting with late-life preparation across adulthood. Findings are based on a sample of 518 adults between 18 and 88 years of age. Multilevel regression analyses were conducted to explore changes in personal deadlines for preparation in five domains (i.e., finances, end of life, housing, social connectedness, caregiving) in relation to calendar age, self-rated health, subjective position in life, and sociodemographic variables. Findings suggest that personal deadlines for starting preparatory activities differ depending on calendar age and domain of late-life preparation. Older adults as compared to younger adults are likely to report narrower deadlines for beginning with late-life preparation. Perceived deadlines for late-life preparation were furthermore found to be preponed and slightly dilated over time. Findings suggest that depending on age-graded opportunity structures, individuals flexibly adjust their personal deadlines for late-life preparation.

scholarly journals Personality and L2 use

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 112-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Ożańska-Ponikwia ◽  
Jean-Marc Dewaele
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Polish Version ◽  
Personality Questionnaires ◽  
The Uk

Researchers working on the effects of study abroad are always baffled by the huge individual differences in the development of a target language (TL) among students – who could be considered as temporary immigrants (Kinginger 2011; Regan et al. 2009). Researchers often speculate that these differences are linked to socialization issues, such as the amount of authentic TL interactions that students engage in. What research designs usually lack are the unique psychological characteristics that could predict the frequency with which L2 users’ engage in L2 interactions. The present study investigates this question by looking at the link between personality traits and frequency of use of English L2 as well as self-perceived proficiency in English L2 by 102 adult Polish immigrants living in Ireland and the UK. Participants filled out a Polish version of personality questionnaires (OCEAN and TEIQ) and a sociobiographical questionnaire. Statistical analyses revealed that length of stay was positively correlated with English L2 use and self-perceived proficiency in that language. Linear regression analyses revealed that Openness and Self-esteem were significant predictors of frequency of use of English L2. Openness was the best predictor of self-perceived English L2 proficiency. In sum, our results suggest that progress in the L2 depends not just on the immersion in the L2 but also on the L2 user’s basic inclination to seek out social interactions in the L2.

scholarly journals Navigating by the Stars: Current Challenges for Ensuring Trust in the Sharing Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Mareike Möhlmann ◽  
Timm Teubner
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Reputation Systems ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Negative Side ◽  
Complex Technical Systems ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
Negative Side Effects

AbstractToday, virtually all e-commerce and sharing-economy platforms rely on star ratings or similar systems to build trust between anonymous buyers and sellers. However, star ratings can be quite tricky as a navigation aid. Platforms and users face several challenges in making sure that reputation systems remain credible. Skewed ratings and low rating variance, however, make it difficult for users to differentiate good from bad products and services. To tackle the issue of retaliation, most platforms use so-called simultaneous review schemes, only publishing ratings once both parties have committed. Furthermore, platforms may offer individuals the opportunity to leave text reviews as a complement to numeric ratings. A growing number of platforms also use complex technical systems and algorithms to automatically identify, mark or delete fake news. To maintain legitimacy, platform operators need to design reputation systems with minimal negative side effects and make crucial decisions about the level of control they seek to enact.

scholarly journals Belonging as Compensator

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 116-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Marksteiner ◽  
Marc Philipp Janson ◽  
Hanna Beißert
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
Being Bullied ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Bullying is a serious issue among adolescents worldwide. It has been conceptualized as a type of physical or indirect peer victimization that occurs repeatedly over time and is characterized by a systematic abuse of power. Being bullied at school severely affects victims’ health and well-being. What protects students from these consequences? We investigate feelings of belonging –i. e., the feeling that one is accepted, included, respected, and valued in the respective social environment – as a possible compensator for bullying consequences across different cultures. We hypothesize that being bullied is less severe for students who have strong feelings of belonging. We use data from 319,057 15-year-old students across 47 countries. Multilevel regression analyses replicated that bullying and well-being are negatively associated. Further, the results indicated, as expected, that feelings of belonging compensate for the negative impact that bullying has on well-being. Practical implications as well as limitations are discussed.

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