scholarly journals What Will Make Energy Systems Sustainable?

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Köppl ◽  
Stefan Schleicher
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Sustainable Energy Systems ◽  
Development Goals

Despite the success of the German Energiewende in increasing the production of electricity from renewables and the positive global spillover effects of renewable technologies, one of the lessons learned is the insight that simply shifting to renewables and recommending improving energy efficiency is not sufficient to lower greenhouse gas emissions. Combined with the expected radical change of technologies, this requires a more profound understanding of our energy systems. Therefore, in contrast to many conventional energy economy approaches, we propose a deepened structural analysis that covers the full energy value chain from the required functionalities for mechanical, thermal and specific electric energy services via application and transformation technologies up to primary energy. This deepened structural approach opens and substantially enhances our understanding of policy designs that are compatible with the Paris Agreement and Sustainable Development Goals. We discover the essential role of four energy grids, namely for electricity, heat, gas, and information as the key for integrating all components of a newly structured energy system. Consequently, we conclude that policy strategies focusing on individual components of an energy system like shifting to renewables may, from a comprehensive perspective on more sustainable energy systems, prove even counterproductive.

scholarly journals Dynamic Modelling of LNG Powered Combined Energy Systems in Port Areas

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3640
Author(s):  
Davide Borelli ◽  
Francesco Devia ◽  
Corrado Schenone ◽  
Federico Silenzi ◽  
Luca A. Tagliafico
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Time Behavior ◽  
Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle ◽  
Integrated Energy System ◽  
Energy Share

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is a crucial resource to reduce the environmental impact of fossil-fueled vehicles, especially with regards to maritime transport, where LNG is increasingly used for ship bunkering. The present paper gives insights on how the installation of LNG tanks inside harbors can be capitalized to increase the energy efficiency of port cities and reduce GHG emissions. To this purpose, a novel integrated energy system is introduced. The Boil Off Gas (BOG) from LNG tanks is exploited in a combined plant, where heat and power are produced by a regenerated gas turbine cycle; at the same time, cold exergy from LNG regasification contributes to an increase in the efficiency of a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. In the paper, the integrated energy system is simulated by means of dynamic modeling under daily variable working conditions. Results confirm that the model is stable and able to determine the time behavior of the integrated plant. Energy saving is evaluated, and daily trends of key thermophysical parameters are reported and discussed. The analysis of thermal recovering from the flue gases shows that it is possible to recover a large energy share from the turbine exhausts. Hence, the system can generate electricity for port cold ironing and, through a secondary brine loop, cold exergy for a refrigeration plant. Overall, the proposed solution allows primary energy savings up to 22% when compared with equivalent standard technologies with the same final user needs. The exploitation of an LNG regasification process through smart integration of energy systems and implementation of efficient energy grids can contribute to greener energy management in harbors.

scholarly journals The Challenge of Climate Change—Complete Energy Systems Transformation: No Nuclear, No Net Zero

Nuclear Law ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 85-140
Author(s):  
Timothy Stone
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Call To Action ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Primary Energy Supply ◽  
Systems Transformation

AbstractTo achieve Net Zero, natural gas, gasoline, diesel, and fuel oils must be replaced with another source. However, most of the current low-carbon energy sources will also need to be replaced as almost none have more than about 25 years remaining of useful life. The pace and scale of the needed change is unprecedented: almost the whole of the world’s primary energy supply must be replaced. The (re)development of the entire energy system is inherently a sovereign risk and it can only be governments who set national energy policy. There is no doubt that markets will continue to play a part in future energy systems, but at the top level, the pace and scale of change to achieve Net Zero is simply far too fast for markets to adapt properly. This chapter is a call to action to the national policy makers and presents this challenge as an opportunity for creating higher-quality jobs and potentially highly attractive and long-dated investment options. The chapter also outlines some risks, including political indecisiveness and policy volatility as potential impediments to making the most of this opportunity and achieving the Net Zero.

Investigation on Optimal Electric Energy Storage Capacity to Maximize Self-Consumption of Photovoltaic System

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Ruda Lee ◽  
Hyomun Lee ◽  
Dongsu Kim ◽  
Jongho Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Renewable Energy Systems

Abstract Battery systems are critical factors in the effective use of renewable energy systems because the self-production of electricity by renewables for self-consumption has become profitable for building applications. This study investigates the appropriate capacity of the Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) installed in all-electric zero energy power houses (AEZEPHs). The AEZEPH used for this study is a highly energy-efficient house. Its criteria indicate that all the electrical energy within the home is covered based on the generated electricity from on-site renewable energy systems, including that the annual net site energy use is almost equal to zero. The experiment for measured data of electricity consumed and generated in the buildings is conducted for a year (i.e., Jan. through Dec. 2014). Based on the measured data, patterns of the electricity consumed by the AEZEPH and generated by an on-site renewable energy system (i.e., photovoltaic (PV) system), and BESS's appropriate capacity is then analyzed and evaluated using the EES analysis tool, named Poly-sun. This study indicates that self-consumption can be increased up to 66% when the ESS system is installed and used during operating hours of the PV system. The amount of received electricity during the week tends to be reduced by about two times.

Sustainability Assessment of Solar Energy Systems

Solar Energy ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naim H. Afgan ◽  
Marina Jovanovic ◽  
Maria G. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Evaluation Procedure ◽  
Multi Criteria Evaluation ◽  
Optimization Function

Solar energy systems are becoming potential option for numerous applications. It has been shown that the application of solar energy system is strongly dependent on criteria’s used in their evaluation. Single criteria evaluation of solar energy systems has shown its deficiency due to limited possibility to compare them with other potential options. In particular, present economic system is based on the econometric analysis with priority given to the optimum obtained by the economically justified optimization function. For this reason, it has become needed to introduce multi-criteria evaluation procedure in the assessment of solar energy system and its comparison with other potential options. This paper presents evaluation of the solar photovoltaic system and its comparison with other renewable energy system options for stand-alone application. In this evaluation following energy systems will be taking into a consideration: grid electric energy supply, wind energy system, gas turbine with cogeneration, small hydro energy system and solar photo-voltaic energy system. In the evaluation of these systems the multi-criteria evaluation procedure is used. The multi-criteria evaluation procedure will comprise a following criteria’s: economic, environmental, technological and social indicators. Each of indicators will be based on the sub-criteria which are defined in the paper. The sustainability index as the agglomeration function indicators will be used in the determination of the rating among the options under consideration. Special emphasize in evaluation is given to to the conditional priority of indicators leading to the investigation of the effect of the indicator priority to the finale rating among options.

scholarly journals The District Heating in the Context of the Active Consumers Development in Smart Energy Systems

2018 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Vladimir K. Averyanov ◽  
Aleksey A. Melezhik ◽  
Alexander S. Gorshkov ◽  
Yury V. Yuferev
Keyword(s):  
Electric Energy ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Smart Energy Systems ◽  
Regulatory Impact ◽  
The Status ◽  
Model Of Management ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Community Facilities

The paper defines the main factors of the smart energy systems that influence on the district heating. Noted increase in the regulatory impact of electric energy system on the district heating and increase in roles of the distribution and consumption of thermal energy. Urban population and other consumers of energy become equal partners of the utilities and acquire the status of "active" consumers. The heating supply companies need to develop a new model of management of heating regimes with dynamic synchronization with energy system and "active" consumers. One of the most important conditions of the achievement of the cost reduction, reliability and quality increase in community facilities is active consumer's behavior.

scholarly journals Actuating the European Energy System Transition: Indicators for Translating Energy Systems Modelling Results into Policy-Making

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariliis Lehtveer ◽  
Lisa Göransson ◽  
Verena Heinisch ◽  
Filip Johnsson ◽  
Ida Karlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Investment Model ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
System Modelling ◽  
Electricity System ◽  
Climate Targets ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Systems Modelling

In this paper, we define indicators, with a focus on the electricity sector, that translate the results of energy systems modelling to quantitative entities that can facilitate assessments of the transitions required to meet stringent climate targets. Such indicators, which are often overlooked in model scenario presentations, can be applied to make the modelling results more accessible and are useful for managing the transition on the policy level, as well as for internal evaluations of modelling results. We propose a set of 13 indicators related to: 1) the resource and material usages in modelled energy system designs; 2) the rates of transition from current to future energy systems; and 3) the energy security in energy system modelling results. To illustrate its value, the proposed set of indicators is applied to energy system scenarios derived from an electricity system investment model for Northern Europe. We show that the proposed indicators are useful for facilitating discussions, raising new questions, and relating the modelling results to Sustainable Development Goals and thus facilitate better policy processes. The indicators presented here should not be seen as a complete set, but rather as examples. Therefore, this paper represents a starting point and a call to other modellers to expand and refine the list of indicators.

scholarly journals Optimal Management of the Energy Flows of Interconnected Residential Users

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucrezia Manservigi ◽  
Mattia Cattozzo ◽  
Pier Ruggero Spina ◽  
Mauro Venturini ◽  
Hilal Bahlawan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Operation Strategy ◽  
Electrical Energy Storage

In recent years, residential users have begun to be equipped with micro-CHP (combined heat and power) generation technologies with the aim of decreasing primary energy consumption and reducing environmental impact. In these systems, the prime mover supplies both thermal and electrical energy, and an auxiliary boiler and the national electrical grid are employed as supplementary systems. In this paper, a simulation model, which accounts for component efficiency and energy balance, was developed to replicate the interaction between the users and the energy systems in order to minimize primary energy consumption. The simulation model identified the optimal operation strategy of two residential users by investigating different energy system configurations by means of a dynamic programming algorithm. The reference scenario was compared to three different scenarios by considering independent energy systems, shared thermal and electrical energy storage and also the shared prime mover. Such a comparison allowed the identification of the most suitable energy system configuration and optimized operation strategy. The results demonstrate that the optimized operation strategy smoothes the influence of the size of thermal and electrical energy storage. Moreover, the saving of primary energy consumption can be as high as 5.1%. The analysis of the economic feasibility reveals that the investment cost of the prime mover can be as high as 4000 €/kW.

scholarly journals Power Flow Optimization Problems for Multi-Energy Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 289 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Dmitry Bykov ◽  
Dmitry Efimov
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Transmission And Distribution

Flow distribution calculation is the determination of the values of the state parameters at the nodes and connections of the system that satisfy the Kirchhoff laws. This calculation is necessary to determine the existence and admissibility of operating states in a multi-energy systems, as well as in singleproduct systems. In addition, it is an essential component of solving the problems of optimization of states in order to ensure the minimum cost of production, transmission and distribution of energy resources. Traditionally, a means of such minimization is the redistribution of the load between sources, consumers and storage of energy resources. As a consequence, this redistribution applies to the elements of transmission and distribution networks. This means are supplemented also by the possibility of converting energy resources from one type to another in multi-energy system. Covering the needs of the end consumer in different types of energy can be provided from different primary energy carriers through the chain (sequence) of their transfer and transformation from one type to another. Such a variety of the ways of energy supply, along with the possibilities of storing (accumulating) energy, pro-vides necessary degrees of freedom for solving states optimization problems.

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