scholarly journals Regionalized Terrestrial Ecotoxicity Assessment of Copper-Based Fungicides Applied in Viticulture

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Viveros Santos ◽  
Cécile Bulle ◽  
Annie Levasseur ◽  
Louise Deschênes
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Geographical Variability ◽  
Terrestrial Ecotoxicity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Growing Region

Life cycle assessment has been recognized as an important decision-making tool to improve the environmental performance of agricultural systems. Still, there are certain modelling issues related to the assessment of their impacts. The first is linked to the assessment of the metal terrestrial ecotoxicity impact, for which metal speciation in soil is disregarded. In fact, emissions of metals in agricultural systems contribute significantly to the ecotoxic impact, as do copper-based fungicides applied in viticulture to combat downy mildew. Another issue is linked to the ways in which the intrinsic geographical variability of agriculture resulting from the variation of management practices, soil properties, and climate is addressed. The aim of this study is to assess the spatial variability of the terrestrial ecotoxicity impact of copper-based fungicides applied in European vineyards, accounting for both geographical variability in terms of agricultural practice and copper speciation in soil. This first entails the development of regionalized characterization factors (CFs) for the copper used in viticulture and then the application of these CFs to a regionalized life-cycle inventory that considers different management practices, soil properties, and climates in different regions, namely Languedoc-Roussillon (France), Minho (Portugal), Tuscany (Italy), and Galicia (Spain). There are two modelling alternatives to determine metal speciation in terrestrial ecotoxicity: (a) empirical regression models; and (b) WHAM 6.0, the geochemical speciation model applied according to the soil properties of the Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD). Both approaches were used to compute and compare regionalized CFs with each other and with current IMPACT 2002+ CF. The CFs were then aggregated at different spatial resolutions—global, Europe, country, and wine-growing region—to assess the uncertainty related to spatial variability at the different scales and applied in the regionalized case study. The global CF computed for copper terrestrial ecotoxicity is around 3.5 orders of magnitude lower than the one from IMPACT 2002+, demonstrating the impact of including metal speciation. For both methods, an increase in the spatial resolution of the CFs translated into a decrease in the spatial variability of the CFs. With the exception of the aggregated CF for Portugal (Minho) at the country level, all the aggregated CFs derived from empirical regression models are greater than the ones derived from the method based on WHAM 6.0 within a range of 0.2 to 1.2 orders of magnitude. Furthermore, CFs calculated with empirical regression models exhibited a greater spatial variability with respect to the CFs derived from WHAM 6.0. The ranking of the impact scores of the analyzed scenarios was mainly determined by the amount of copper applied in each wine-growing region. However, finer spatial resolutions led to an impact score with lower uncertainty.

scholarly journals Indicators of climate change in agricultural systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 163 (4) ◽  
pp. 1719-1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry L. Hatfield ◽  
John Antle ◽  
Karen A. Garrett ◽  
Roberto Cesar Izaurralde ◽  
Terry Mader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Near Term ◽  
The Impact

AbstractClimate change affects all segments of the agricultural enterprise, and there is mounting evidence that the continuing warming trend with shifting seasonality and intensity in precipitation will increase the vulnerability of agricultural systems. Agricultural is a complex system within the USA encompassing a large number of crops and livestock systems, and development of indicators to provide a signal of the impact of climate change on these different systems would be beneficial to the development of strategies for effective adaptation practices. A series of indicators were assembled to determine their potential for assessing agricultural response to climate change in the near term and long term and those with immediate capability of being implemented and those requiring more development. The available literature reveals indicators on livestock related to heat stress, soil erosion related to changes in precipitation, soil carbon changes in response to increasing carbon dioxide and soil management practices, economic response to climate change in agricultural production, and crop progress and productivity. Crop progress and productivity changes are readily observed data with a historical record for some crops extending back to the mid-1800s. This length of historical record coupled with the county-level observations from each state where a crop is grown and emerging pest populations provides a detailed set of observations to assess the impact of a changing climate on agriculture. Continued refinement of tools to assess climate impacts on agriculture will provide guidance on strategies to adapt to climate change.

scholarly journals Simulating the effect of tillage practices with the global ecosystem model LPJmL (version 5.0-tillage)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Femke Lutz ◽  
Tobias Herzfeld ◽  
Jens Heinke ◽  
Susanne Rolinski ◽  
Sibyll Schaphoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
No Till ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The effects of tillage on soil properties (e.g. soil carbon and nitrogen), crop productivity, and global greenhouse gas emissions have been discussed in the last decades. Global ecosystem models are limited in simulating tillage. Hence, they do not allow for analyzing the effects of tillage and cannot evaluate, for example, reduced-tillage or no-till as mitigation practices for climate change. In this paper, we describe the implementation of tillage related practices in the global ecosystem model LPJmL. The model is subsequently evaluated against reported differences between tillage and no-till management on several soil properties. To this end, simulation results are compared with published meta-analysis on tillage effects. In general, the model is able to reproduce observed tillage effects on global, as well as regional patterns of carbon and water fluxes. However, modeled N-fluxes deviate from the literature and need further study. The addition of the tillage module to LPJmL 5.0 opens opportunities to assess the impact of agricultural soil management practices under different scenarios with implications for agricultural productivity, carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental indicators.

Agricultural land use and N losses to water: the case study of a fluvial park in Northern Italy

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Morari ◽  
E. Lugato ◽  
M. Borin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

An integrated water resource management programme has been under way since 1999 to reduce agricultural water pollution in the River Mincio fluvial park. The experimental part of the programme consisted of: a) a monitoring phase to evaluate the impact of conventional and environmentally sound techniques (Best Management Practices, BMPs) on water quality; this was done on four representative landscape units, where twelve fields were instrumented to monitor the soil, surface and subsurface water quality; b) a modelling phase to extend the results obtained at field scale to the whole territory of the Mincio watershed. For this purpose a GIS developed in the Arc/Info environment was integrated into the CropSyst model. The model had previously been calibrated to test its ability to describe the complexity of the agricultural systems. The first results showed a variable efficiency of the BMPs depending on the interaction between management and pedo-climatic conditions. In general though, the BMPs had positive effects in improving the surface and subsurface water quality. The CropSyst model was able to describe the agricultural systems monitored and its linking with the GIS represented a valuable tool for identifying the vulnerable areas within the watershed.

scholarly journals SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL PROPERTIES IN AN AGRARIAN REFORM SETTLEMENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1755-1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Ribeiro de Azevedo ◽  
Célia Regina Paes Bueno ◽  
Gener Tadeu Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Environmental Preservation

ABSTRACT The study of soil chemical and physical properties variability is important for suitable management practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability of soil properties in the Malhada do Meio settlement to subsidize soil use planning. The settlement is located in Chapadinha, MA, Brazil, and has an area of 630.86 ha. The vegetation is seasonal submontane deciduous forest and steppe savanna. The geology is formed of sandstones and siltstones of theItapecuru Formation and by colluvial and alluvial deposits. The relief consists of hills with rounded and flat tops with an average altitude of 67 m, and frequently covered over by ferruginous duricrusts. A total of 183 georeferenced soil samples were collected at the depth of 0.00-0.20 m inPlintossolos, Neossolo andGleissolo. The following chemical variables were analyzed: pH(CaCl2), H+Al, Al, SB, V, CEC, P, K, OM, Ca, Mg, SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3; along with particle size variables: clay, silt, and sand. Descriptive statistical and geostatistical analyses were carried out. The coefficient of variation (CV) was high for most of the variables, with the exception of pH with a low CV, and of sand with a medium CV. The models fitted to the experimental semivariograms of these variables were the exponential and the spherical. The range values were from 999 m to 3,690 m. For the variables pH(CaCl2), SB, and clay, there are three specific areas for land use planning. The central part of the area (zone III), where thePlintossolos Pétricos and Neossolos Flúvicos occur, is the most suitable for crops due to higher macronutrient content, organic matter and pH. Zones I and II are indicated for environmental preservation.

scholarly journals Fluensulfone: A New “Tool in the Tool Box” to Manage Plant-parasitic Nematodes in Vegetable Production

EDIS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilma X. Castillo ◽  
Monica Ozores-Hampton ◽  
Pablo A. Navia Gine
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Management ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematodes pose a problem in agricultural systems by feeding on crops, therefore affecting their yield. Fluensulfone is a chemical that can be applied using various methods to manage the impact of plant-parasitic nematodes on crop production. This 6-page document discusses the characteristics and use of fluensulfone as a tool for nematode management practices. Written by Gilma X. Castillo, Monica Ozores-Hampton, and Pablo A. Navia Gine and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Horticultural Sciences, January 2018. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1313

scholarly journals Effects of soil depth on the dynamics of selected soil properties among the highlands resources of Northeast Wollega, Ethiopia: are these sign of degradation?

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 2011-2035 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Adugna ◽  
A. Abegaz
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Use Patterns

Abstract. This study was conducted with an aim to analyze the spatial variability of soil properties with depth under four prominent land use patterns viz., forestland, grazing land, cultivated land and bush land of Northeast Wollega. Soil samples were collected from the land uses at two depths (0–15 and 15–30 cm) in replicates and totally 40 composite soil samples were collected. Statistical analysis revealed significant variation in soil properties with along the selected land uses. Topsoil layer had significantly greater OM, TN, AP, sand, silt, Mg2+, K+ and Mg2+ concentrations than the subsoil layers. However, clay under all land uses and CEC under bush land and grazing land revealed reverse trends. Organic matter and CEC have stronger correlations with most of soil properties in the topsoil than in the subsoil while clay has no significant correlation with selected soil properties except with sand fraction in the sampled depths. Hence, the correlation among the selected soil properties also varies with soil depth. In general, the spatial variability of soil properties indicates that they were strongly affected by external factors (agricultural treatments and soil management practices) and internal factors (soil type and depth).

Changes in soil properties on agricultural land with the impact of water and tillage erosion in the last 60 years

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Juřicová ◽  
Tomáš Chuman ◽  
Daniel Žížala
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tillage Erosion

<p>The decline in soil organic carbon (SOC) is generally perceived as a major threat to the sustainability of the soil due to its key role in many productive and non - productive soil functions. The aim of this research is to assess the intensity of changes and the spatial variability of SOC and soil depth in the last 60 years. Estimation of spatial variability of soil properties was performed by using digital soil mapping. A study area is located in the chernozems area in south Moravia (Czechia). This region is traditionally intensively cultivated with the strong impact of water and tillage erosion. The study is based on the analysis of historical data that comes from the Large-scale mapping of Agricultural Soils in Czechoslovakia soil database. Our dataset contained data from 120 soil profiles. A new field investigation shows significant SOC losses on steep slopes and slope shoulders with a decrease of depth of the humic horizon. As a result, there is a gradual transformation of soil units from the former Calcic Chernosems into the Haplic Calcisols. These findings are the result of ongoing environmental changes with the strong impact of historical agricultural policy and inappropriate interference in the landscape.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of uncertainty in soil properties on simulated hydrological states and fluxes at different spatio-temporal scales

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 2301-2320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Baroni ◽  
Matthias Zink ◽  
Rohini Kumar ◽  
Luis Samaniego ◽  
Sabine Attinger
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Grid Resolution ◽  
Temporal Scales ◽  
Soil Map ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Spatial Variability

Abstract. Soil properties show high heterogeneity at different spatial scales and their correct characterization remains a crucial challenge over large areas. The aim of the study is to quantify the impact of different types of uncertainties that arise from the unresolved soil spatial variability on simulated hydrological states and fluxes. Three perturbation methods are presented for the characterization of uncertainties in soil properties. The methods are applied on the soil map of the upper Neckar catchment (Germany), as an example. The uncertainties are propagated through the distributed mesoscale hydrological model (mHM) to assess the impact on the simulated states and fluxes. The model outputs are analysed by aggregating the results at different spatial and temporal scales. These results show that the impact of the different uncertainties introduced in the original soil map is equivalent when the simulated model outputs are analysed at the model grid resolution (i.e. 500 m). However, several differences are identified by aggregating states and fluxes at different spatial scales (by subcatchments of different sizes or coarsening the grid resolution). Streamflow is only sensitive to the perturbation of long spatial structures while distributed states and fluxes (e.g. soil moisture and groundwater recharge) are only sensitive to the local noise introduced to the original soil properties. A clear identification of the temporal and spatial scale for which finer-resolution soil information is (or is not) relevant is unlikely to be universal. However, the comparison of the impacts on the different hydrological components can be used to prioritize the model improvements in specific applications, either by collecting new measurements or by calibration and data assimilation approaches. In conclusion, the study underlines the importance of a correct characterization of uncertainty in soil properties. With that, soil maps with additional information regarding the unresolved soil spatial variability would provide strong support to hydrological modelling applications.

scholarly journals Spatial variability of soil properties and soil erodibility in the Alqueva dam watershed, Portugal

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ferreira ◽  
T. Panagopoulos ◽  
R. Andrade ◽  
C. Guerrero ◽  
L. Loures
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Soil Erodibility ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
K Factor

Abstract. The aim of this work is to investigate how the spatial variability of soil properties and soil erodibility (K factor) were affected by the changes in land use allowed by irrigation with water from a reservoir in a semiarid area. To this, three areas representative of different land uses (agroforestry grassland, Lucerne crop and olive orchard) were studied within a 900 ha farm. The interrelationships between variables were analyzed by multivariate techniques and extrapolated using geostatistics. The results confirmed differences between land uses for all properties analyzed, which was explained mainly by the existence of diverse management practices (tillage, fertilization and irrigation), vegetation cover and local soil characteristics. Soil organic matter, clay and nitrogen content decreased significantly, while K factor increased with intensive cultivation. The HJ-biplot methodology was used to represent the variation of soil erodibility properties grouped in land uses. Native grassland was the least correlated with the other land uses. K factor demonstrated high correlation mainly with very fine sand and silt. The maps produced with geostatistics were crucial to understand the current spatial variability in the Alqueva region. Facing the intensification of land-use conversion, a sustainable management is needed to introduce protective measures to control soil erosion.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOME SOIL PROPERTIES AND WHEAT AND BARLEY PRODUCTIVITY IN ALLUVIAL SOIL AT WASET GOVORNORATE

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed & Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Socioeconomic Condition ◽  
Work Done ◽  
The Impact

This study was conducted to show the relationship between some soil properties and land productivity from wheat and barely crops. The study area located in Al-Muwafaqia – Waset Govornorate / central of Iraq. General soil data were collected from previous soil survey work done in 1992 ,and new soil samples from the same profile location were collected to determine some soil properties . The actual land productivity from Wheat and Barely crops were collected from the same selected sites . The results indicate some variations in land productivity for the selected  crops and wheat productivity was higher than barely productions. Wheat productivity was ranged from 2000  to 2350  kg.ha-1 with mean of 2118.75 Kg.ha-1, while barely productivity ranged from 2000  to 2350 kg.ha-1 with mean of 20187.5 kg.ha-1.  All soil properties show a positive and significant correlation with crops productivity except soil salinity which shows a negative correlation. Soil salinity considered as the most limiting factor for crops production as well as bad land management practices and the impact of the socioeconomic condition.

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