scholarly journals The Evolving Role for Zinc and Zinc Transporters in Cadmium Tolerance and Urothelial Cancer

Stresses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
Soisungwan Satarug ◽  
David A. Vesey ◽  
Glenda C. Gobe
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Zip Family ◽  
Zn Homeostasis

Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental toxicant with serious public health consequences due to its persistence within arable soils, and the ease with which it enters food chains and then, accumulates in human tissues to induce a broad range of adverse health effects. The present review focuses on the role of zinc (Zn), a nutritionally essential metal, to protect against the cytotoxicity and carcinogenicity of Cd in urinary bladder epithelial cells. The stress responses and defense mechanisms involving the low-molecular-weight metal binding protein, metallothionein (MT), are highlighted. The efflux and influx transporters of the ZnT and Zrt-/Irt-like protein (ZIP) gene families are discussed with respect to their putative role in retaining cellular Zn homeostasis. Among fourteen ZIP family members, ZIP8 and ZIP14 mediate Cd uptake by cells, while ZnT1 is among ten ZnT family members solely responsible for efflux of Zn (Cd), representing cellular defense against toxicity from excessively high Zn (Cd) intake. In theory, upregulation of the efflux transporter ZnT1 concomitant with the downregulation of influx transporters such as ZIP8 and ZIP14 can prevent Cd accumulation by cells, thereby increasing tolerance to Cd toxicity. To link the perturbation of Zn homeostasis, reflected by the aberrant expression of ZnT1, ZIP1, ZIP6, and ZIP10, with malignancy, tolerance to Cd toxicity acquired during Cd-induced transformation of a cell model of human urothelium, UROtsa, is discussed as a particular example.

scholarly journals The role of ZIP proteins in zinc assimilation and distribution in plants: current challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Daniel Lira-Morales ◽  
Nancy Varela-Bojórquez ◽  
Magaly Berenice Montoya-Rojo ◽  
J. Adriana Sañudo-Barajas
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Regulation Of Expression ◽  
Zip Family ◽  
Zn Homeostasis ◽  
Homeostasis Regulation ◽  
Zn Status ◽  
Nutritional Imbalance

Soils with mineral deficiencies lead to nutritional imbalance in crops worldwide. Zinc (Zn) is a micronutrient that is fundamental for plant growth and development, being essential for the proper functioning of a range of enzymes and transcription factors. Zn transporters tightly regulate Zn homeostasis. Plants contain a large number of Zn-responsive genes that are specifically expressed under Zn deficiency to ensure the coordination of assimilatory pathways and meet the physiological requirements. This review brings together a range of studies that have been undertaken to investigate the effects of Zn status on the regulatory mechanisms involved in plant mineral nutrition. The ZIP (ZRT, IRT-like Protein) family is especially implicated in Zn transport and in the maintenance of cellular Zn homeostasis. Regulation of expression in relation to plant tissue, mineral concentration, and species has been determined for several ZIP family members. In the omic era, genomic and proteomic approaches have facilitated a rapid increase in our understanding of the roles of ZIP family members and their regulation, though significant knowledge gaps remain. A comprehensive understanding of ZIP proteins could lead to many potential molecular applications to improve crop management and food quality.  

scholarly journals Comprehensive Analysis of the Histone Deacetylase Gene Family in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa): From Evolution and Expression Pattern to Functional Analysis of BraHDA3

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Seung Hee Eom ◽  
Tae Kyung Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Lysine Residues

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are known as erasers that remove acetyl groups from lysine residues in histones. Although plant HDACs play essential roles in physiological processes, including various stress responses, our knowledge concerning HDAC gene families and their evolutionary relationship remains limited. In Brassica rapa genome, we identified 20 HDAC genes, which are divided into three major groups: RPD3/HDA1, HD2, and SIR2 families. In addition, seven pairs of segmental duplicated paralogs and one pair of tandem duplicated paralogs were identified in the B. rapa HDAC (BraHDAC) family, indicating that segmental duplication is predominant for the expansion of the BraHDAC genes. The expression patterns of paralogous gene pairs suggest a divergence in the function of BraHDACs under various stress conditions. Furthermore, we suggested that BraHDA3 (homologous of Arabidopsis HDA14) encodes the functional HDAC enzyme, which can be inhibited by Class I/II HDAC inhibitor SAHA. As a first step toward understanding the epigenetic responses to environmental stresses in Chinese cabbage, our results provide a solid foundation for functional analysis of the BraHDAC family.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification of CBL-CIPK Gene Family in Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) and Their Regulated Expression Under Salt Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luyao Huang ◽  
Zhuangzhuang Li ◽  
Qingxia Fu ◽  
Conglian Liang ◽  
Zhenhua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Structure Prediction ◽  
Functional Divergence ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Protein Motifs ◽  
Insight Into

In plants, calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) are a unique group of Ca2+ sensors that decode Ca2+ signals by activating a family of plant-specific protein kinases known as CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs). CBL-CIPK gene families and their interacting complexes are involved in regulating plant responses to various environmental stimuli. To gain insight into the functional divergence of CBL-CIPK genes in honeysuckle, a total of six LjCBL and 17 LjCIPK genes were identified. The phylogenetic analysis along with the gene structure analysis divided both CBL and CBL-interacting protein kinase genes into four subgroups and validated by the distribution of conserved protein motifs. The 3-D structure prediction of proteins shown that most LjCBLs shared the same Protein Data Bank hit 1uhnA and most LjCIPKs shared the 6c9Da. Analysis of cis-acting elements and gene ontology implied that both LjCBL and LjCIPK genes could be involved in hormone signal responsiveness and stress adaptation. Protein-protein interaction prediction suggested that LjCBL4 is hypothesized to interact with LjCIPK7/9/15/16 and SOS1/NHX1. Gene expression analysis in response to salinity stress revealed that LjCBL2/4, LjCIPK1/15/17 under all treatments gradually increased over time until peak expression at 72 h. These results demonstrated the conservation of salt overly sensitive pathway genes in honeysuckle and a model of Ca2+-LjCBL4/LjSOS3-LjCIPK16/LjSOS2 module-mediated salt stress signaling in honeysuckle is proposed. This study provides insight into the characteristics of the CBL-CIPK gene families involved in honeysuckle salt stress responses, which could serve as a foundation for gene transformation technology, to obtain highly salt-tolerant medicinal plants in the context of the global reduction of cultivated land.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and characterization of GRAS transcription factors in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiling Niu ◽  
Tingting Zhao ◽  
Xiangyang Xu ◽  
Jingfu Li
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Shoot Meristem ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
First Time

Solanum lycopersicum, belonging to Solanaceae, is one of the commonly used model plants. The GRAS genes are transcriptional regulators, which play a significant role in plant growth and development, and the functions of several GRAS genes have been recognized, such as, axillary shoot meristem formation, radial root patterning, phytohormones (gibberellins) signal transduction, light signaling, and abiotic/biotic stress; however, only a few of these were identified and functionally characterized. In this study, a gene family was analyzed comprehensively with respect to phylogeny, gene structure, chromosomal localization, and expression pattern; the 54 GRAS members were screened from tomato by bioinformatics for the first time. The GRAS genes among tomato, Arabidopsis, rice, and grapevine were rebuilt to form a phylogenomic tree, which was divided into ten groups according to the previous classification of Arabidopsis and rice. A multiple sequence alignment exhibited the typical GRAS domain and conserved motifs similar to other gene families. Both the segmental and tandem duplications contributed significantly to the expansion and evolution of the GRAS gene family in tomato; the expression patterns across a variety of tissues and biotic conditions revealed potentially different functions of GRAS genes in tomato development and stress responses. Altogether, this study provides valuable information and robust candidate genes for future functional analysis for improving the resistance of tomato growth.

Overexpression of a novel microRNA IamiR-4-3p from water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) increased Cd toxicity and accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuang Shen ◽  
Ying-Ying Huang ◽  
Jun-Liang Xin ◽  
Chun-Tao He ◽  
Zhongyi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Empty Vector ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cd Translocation

Abstract The function of IamiR-4-3p was investigated by using wild type (WT), transfected with empty vector pCambia1302 (CK) and IamiR-4-3p transgenic Arabidopsis in this study. The expression level of GST3 was reduced by 20% in the transgenic Arabidopsis (p35S::miR-4-3p Arabidopsis) when compared to WT, and both of its shoot and root were shorter than WT and CK. After 3 d Cd treatment, root Cd concentrations of p35S::miR-4-3p Arabidopsis was significantly higher than WT and CK, while no significant difference was found in shoot Cd concentrations. MDA and H2O2 concentrations were positively correlated with the Cd concentrations in Arabidopsis. Interestingly, even though there was no significant difference among the shoot Cd concentrations, shoot MDA and H2O2 of p35S::miR-4-3p Arabidopsis were higher than those of WT and CK, and shoot T-AOC exhibited a opposite trend. These results are clearly related to the lowered expression of GST3 by the overexpression of miR-4-3p in p35S::miR-4-3p Arabidopsis. It is suggested that the function of IamiR-4-3p is able to diminish the expression level of GST3, and is responsible to the growth dwarf, higher Cd uptake and oxidative damage but not the Cd translocation from root to shoot in Arabidopsis.

Redundant roles of four ZIP family members in zinc homeostasis and seed development in Arabidopsis thaliana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sichul Lee ◽  
Joohyun Lee ◽  
Felipe K. Ricachenevsky ◽  
Tracy Punshon ◽  
Ryan Tappero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Zinc Homeostasis ◽  
Zip Family

scholarly journals Effects of exogenous indole-3-acetic acid on the growth and cadmium accumulation of lettuce under cadmium stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 07002
Author(s):  
Le Liang ◽  
Wanjia Tang ◽  
Xuemei Peng ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
Han Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Substantial Decline ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Exogenous Iaa

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) plays crucial roles in plant growth and stress tolerance. In present study, the effects of spraying different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 μmol/L) of IAA on the growth and cadmium (Cd) accumulation in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were investigated. The lettuce exposed to Cd exhibited a substantial decline in growth, and the Cd content of them significantly increased. Spraying exogenous IAA resulted in alleviating the inhibitory of Cd toxicity to lettuce. The dry weight in shoots of lettuce increased by spraying with IAA compared with the Cd treatment alone, but the dry weight of roots had no significantly differences. Although exogenous IAA increased the root Cd content, it significantly reduced shoot Cd content, indicating its role in Cd transport. Therefore, spraying IAA effectively alleviated Cd toxicity and reduced Cd uptake in the edible parts of lettuce, and the 100 μmol/L IAA was the optimal dose.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Expression and Bioinformatic Analyses of the HD-Zip Transcription Factor Family in Larix olgensis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiqi An ◽  
Qing Cao ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Junhun Wang ◽  
Hanguo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Larix Olgensis ◽  
Transcription Factor Family ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Spatiotemporal Expression ◽  
Zip Family ◽  
Stems And Leaves

Abstract Larix olgensis is one of the main coniferous tree species in northeastern China and has excellent timber properties and strong tolerance to stress. Thirteen HD-Zip family genes with a complete CDS region were identified on the basis of cambium transcriptome data from Larix olgensis. All 13 genes were analyzed via bioinformatics by their conserved domain protein sequence and amino acid composition, including their physicochemical properties and protein structure. The spatiotemporal expression and abiotic stress responses of these genes were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that the 13 HD-Zip genes of Larix olgensis were expressed in the roots, stems, and leaves at different stages. The expression of three of these genes (LoHDZ2, LoHDZ11, LoHDZ13) was highest in nonlignified roots, indicating that they might be related to the secondary growth of Larix olgensis; in addition, three genes (LoHDZ5, LoHDZ9, LoHDZ10) were highly expressed in partially and completely lignified stems and leaves. These 13 genes were expressed specifically under drought stress. The expression of two of them (LoHDZ1, LoHDZ5) was obviously upregulated, and the expression of 6 genes (LoHDZ2, LoHDZ3, LoHDZ4, LoHDZ8, LoHDZ10, LoHDZ13) was significantly downregulated. The expression trends indicate that these genes could be involved in drought stress. The expression of all 13 genes was downregulated when the plants were treated with 0.2 M NaCl for 96 h, indicating that these genes are inhibited by salt stress. Overall, the results have significant implications for the study of the gene function of members of the LoHD-Zip transcription factor family.

scholarly journals Promoter-mediated diversification of transcriptional bursting dynamics following gene duplication

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (33) ◽  
pp. 8364-8369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Tunnacliffe ◽  
Adam M. Corrigan ◽  
Jonathan R. Chubb
Keyword(s):  
Gene Duplication ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Developmental Expression ◽  
Upstream Sequence ◽  
Genomic Context ◽  
Entire Family ◽  
Transcriptional Bursting

During the evolution of gene families, functional diversification of proteins often follows gene duplication. However, many gene families expand while preserving protein sequence. Why do cells maintain multiple copies of the same gene? Here we have addressed this question for an actin family with 17 genes encoding an identical protein. The genes have divergent flanking regions and are scattered throughout the genome. Surprisingly, almost the entire family showed similar developmental expression profiles, with their expression also strongly coupled in single cells. Using live cell imaging, we show that differences in gene expression were apparent over shorter timescales, with family members displaying different transcriptional bursting dynamics. Strong “bursty” behaviors contrasted steady, more continuous activity, indicating different regulatory inputs to individual actin genes. To determine the sources of these different dynamic behaviors, we reciprocally exchanged the upstream regulatory regions of gene family members. This revealed that dynamic transcriptional behavior is directly instructed by upstream sequence, rather than features specific to genomic context. A residual minor contribution of genomic context modulates the gene OFF rate. Our data suggest promoter diversification following gene duplication could expand the range of stimuli that regulate the expression of essential genes. These observations contextualize the significance of transcriptional bursting.

scholarly journals Identification, Evolutionary and Expression Analysis of PYL-PP2C-SnRK2s Gene Families in Soybean

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1356
Author(s):  
Zhaohan Zhang ◽  
Shahid Ali ◽  
Tianxu Zhang ◽  
Wanpeng Wang ◽  
Linan Xie
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Entire Genome ◽  
Core Components

Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in various aspects of plant growth and development, including fruit development and ripening, seed dormancy, and involvement in response to various environmental stresses. In almost all higher plants, ABA signal transduction requires three core components; namely, PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors (PYLs), type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs), and class III SNF-1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2s). The exploration of these three core components is not comprehensive in soybean. This study identified the GmPYL-PP2C-SnRK2s gene family members by using the JGI Phytozome and NCBI database. The gene family composition, conservation, gene structure, evolutionary relationship, cis-acting elements of promoter regions, and its coding protein domains were analyzed. In the entire genome of the soybean, there are 21 PYLs, 36 PP2Cs, and 21 SnRK2s genes; further, by phylogenetic and conservation analysis, 21 PYLs genes are classified into 3 groups, 36 PP2Cs genes are classified into seven groups, and 21 SnRK2s genes are classified into 3 groups. The conserved motifs and domain analysis showed that all the GmPYLs gene family members contain START-like domains, the GmPP2Cs gene family contains PP2Cc domains, and the GmSnRK2s gene family contains S_TK domains, respectively. Furthermore, based on the high-throughput transcriptome sequencing data, the results showed differences in the expression patterns of GmPYL-PP2C-SnRK2s gene families in different tissue parts of the same variety, and the same tissue part of different varieties. Our study provides a basis for further elucidation of the identification of GmPYL-PP2C-SnRK2s gene family members and analysis of their evolution and expression patterns, which helps to understand the molecular mechanism of soybean response to abiotic stress. In addition, this provides a conceptual basis for future studies of the soybean ABA core signal pathway.

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