scholarly journals Soil Sulfur Sources Differentially Enhance Cadmium Tolerance in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Soil Systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Iqbal R. Mir ◽  
Bilal A. Rather ◽  
Asim Masood ◽  
Arif Majid ◽  
Zebus Sehar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Protein Thiols ◽  
Soil Sulfur ◽  
Different Sources

The effect of four soil-applied sulfur (100 mg S kg−1 soil (100S) and 200 mg S kg−1 soil (200S)) in different sources (elemental S, ammonium sulfate, gypsum or magnesium sulfate) in protecting mustard (Brassica juncea L. (Czern & Coss.)) from cadmium effects was studied. Based on the observed reduction in growth and photosynthesis in plants subjected to 100 and 200 mg Cd kg−1 soil, B. juncea cv. Giriraj was selected as the most Cd-tolerant among five cultivars (namely, Giriraj, RH-0749, Pusa Agrani, RH-406, and Pusa Tarak). Sulfur applied to soil mitigated the negative impact of Cd on sulfur assimilation, cell viability, and photosynthetic functions, with a lower lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, and contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS: hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, and superoxide anion, O2•−). Generally, added S caused higher activity of antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase), contents of ascorbate (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH); increases in the activities of their regenerating enzymes (dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase); as well as rises in S assimilation, biosynthesis of non-protein thiols (NPTs), and phytochelatins (PCs). Compared to the other S-sources tested, elemental S more prominently protected B. juncea cv. Giriraj against Cd-impacts by minimizing Cd-accumulation and its root-to-shoot translocation; decreasing cellular ROS and membrane damage, and improving Cd-chelation (NPTs and PCs), so strengthening the defense machinery against Cd. The results suggest the use of elemental S for favoring the growth and development of cultivated plants also in Cd-contaminated agricultural soils.

scholarly journals Soil Sulfur Sources Differentially Enhance Cadmium Tolerance in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqbal R. Mir ◽  
Bilal A. Rather ◽  
Asim Masood ◽  
Arif Majid ◽  
Zebus Sehar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Protein Thiols ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Soil Sulfur ◽  
Different Sources

The effect of four soil-applied sulfur [S; 100 mg S kg-1 soil (100S) and 200 mg S kg-1 soil (200S)] in different sources (elemental S, ammonium sulfate, gypsum or magnesium sulfate) in protecting mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.) from cadmium effects was studied. Based on the observed reduction in growth and photosynthesis in plants subjected to 100 and 200 mg Cd kg-1 soil, B. juncea cv. Giriraj was selected as the most Cd-tolerant among five cultivars (namely, Giriraj, RH-0749, Pusa Agrani, RH-406, and Pusa Tarak). Sulfur applied to soil mitigated the negative impact of Cd on sulfur assimilation, cell viability and photosynthetic functions, with a lower lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, and contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS: hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, and superoxide anion, O2•−). Generally, added S caused a higher activity of antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase), and contents of ascorbate (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH), and increases in the activities of their regenerating enzymes (dehydroascorbate reductase and GSH reductase), as well as rises in S assimilation, biosynthesis of non-protein thiols (NPTs) and phytochelatins (PCs). Compared to the other S-sources tested, elemental S more prominently protected B. juncea cv. Giriraj against Cd-impacts by minimizing Cd-accumulation and its root-to-shoot translocation; decreasing cellular ROS and membrane damage, and improving Cd-chelation (NPTs and PCs), so strengthening the defense machinery against Cd. The results suggest the use of elemental S for favoring the growth and development of cultivated plants also in Cd-contaminated agricultural soils.

scholarly journals Status of antioxidant defense system for detoxification of arsenic in Brassica juncea (L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Mohd. Kafeel Ahmed Ansari ◽  
Munir Hussain Zia ◽  
Altaf Ahmad ◽  
Ibrahim Mohammed Aref ◽  
Tasneem Fatma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Cellular Defense ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Significant Increment

The content of arsenic (As), a naturally occurring toxic element found in soils worldwide, has gone substantially high in agricultural soils due to various anthropogenic activities. The responses of seed germination, seedling growth, photosynthetic pigments and the components of the ascorbateglutathione (AsA-GSH) pathway were analyzed in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.] cultivar Pusa Jai Kisan, treated with 0, 5, 10, 25 and 50 μM As concentrations in a hydroponic system. While a significant increment in lipid peroxidation and H2O2 generation was observed at higher concentrations after 2 and 5 days of stress imposition. Significant increases were also observed in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities under the influence of 25 and 50 μM As concentrations after 2 and 5 d stress impositions. There was a steep increase in the ascorbic acid (AsA) content between 2 and 5 d after As treatment, while glutathione (GSH) content increased significantly after 5-d-exposure. Accumulation of As was more in shoot than in root. This study clearly demonstrated that high concentration (50 μM) of As inhibited growth and caused oxidative stress and that the AsA-GSH pathway has an important role in cellular defense against As in Brassica juncea (L.).ECOPRINT 22: 7-19, 2015

Co-remediation of Ni-contaminated soil by halloysite and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Clay Minerals ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Radziemska ◽  
Zbigniew Mazur ◽  
Joanna Fronczyk ◽  
Jakub Matusik
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
Mineral Structure ◽  
Mineral Adsorption ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThe effects of increasing nickel contamination of soil on the update of selected microelements by Brassica juncea L. in the presence of raw halloysite (RH) and halloysite modified by thermal treatment (calcination) at 650°C (MH) were investigated experimentally. Such treatment causes partial dehydroxylation and enhances mineral-adsorption properties towards cations. In a vegetative-pot experiment, four different levels of Ni contamination, i.e. 0 (control), 80, 160, 240 and 320 mg kg−1 were applied in the form of an analytical-grade NiSO4·7H2O solution mixed thoroughly with the soil. Among the minerals which were added to soil to alleviate the negative impact of Ni on plant biomass, MH had a particularly beneficial effect on the growth of B. juncea L. The amount of Ni, Zn, Cu, Mn, Pb and Cr in Indian mustard depended on the Ni dose and type of accompanying mineral structure. The average accumulation of trace elements in B. juncea L. grown in Ni-contaminated soil follow the decreasing order Mn > Zn > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cr.

Agronomic performance of autumn- and winter-cropped Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in response to varying levels of nitrogen fertiliser

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
Bent Al-Hoda Asghari ◽  
Mohsen Yousefi ◽  
Katarzyna Możdżeń ◽  
Joanna Puła ◽  
Peiman Zandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern) cultivation is suggested for regions with short seasons and low rainfall. Although there have been many studies conducted on agronomic production of mustard in Iran, the information regarding the interactive impact of cropping seasons and nitrogen fertiliser on growth characteristics and yield quality of mustard plant is still insufficient and requires further investigation. This study focused on the possible implications of different cropping seasons and different nitrogen levels on selected agronomic traits in mustard. In this experiment, five different doses of nitrogen and two sowing periods were used to assess for their combined effects on the growth parameters, seed yield and agronomic characteristics of mustard in the semi-arid climatic conditions of Takestan. The results revealed that cultivation seasons and nitrogen rates had a significant effect on plant height, biomass yield, number of siliques per plant, seed oil content and seed yield.

Chemical Constituents in Some Promising Genotypes of Indian Mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss.]

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
SUNITA SINGH ◽  
R. P. SINGH ◽  
H. K. SINGH ◽  
N. A. KHAN ◽  
M. K. MAURYA
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Crude Fibre

Among the oilseed Brassica crops, Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss.] is an important source of oil from a nutritional point of view. The nutritional value of oil and cake quality is governed mainly by the composition of its fatty acids, iodine value, saponification, acid value, glucosinolates, crude fibre, protein and limiting amino acids, etc. Seventeen varieties/strains of Indian mustard were taken for saturated and unsaturated fatty acid analysis. The eicosenoic was absent in genotype (NUDBYJ-10) and erucic acid (NUDBYJ-10, LES-46 and Pusa mustard- 21). The fatty acid composition found a variable in different genotypes. Saturated fatty acid, Palmitic + Stearic ranged between 2.3 to 6.5%, Oleic 10.6 to 40.7%, Linoleic 16.1 to 37.7%, Linolenic 13.3 to 26.7%, Eicosenoic 0.00 to 10.30% and Erucic acid 0.00 to 47.50%, respectively. Alternaria blight severity also varied in different genotypes and ranged between 18.75 to 56.25%, maximum being in genotype Kranti and minimum in LES-47. No significant correlation was observed between the fatty acid composition and disease severity. The oil content range from 38.1 to 42.60% and protein content was found highest in variety RGN-73. The amino acid viz. methionine and tryptophan range between 0.41 to 1.81 g/16gN and 0.41 to 1.81 g /16g N, respectively.

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