scholarly journals Kinetics of Phosphorus Release from Vivianite, Hydroxyapatite, and Bone Char Influenced by Organic and Inorganic Compounds

Soil Systems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Schütze ◽  
Stella Gypser ◽  
Dirk Freese
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Bone Char ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Release ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Poorly Soluble

The availability of P is often insufficient and limited by accumulation in soils. This led to the necessity of solutions for the recovery as well as recycling of secondary P resources. Batch experiments were conducted with CaCl2 and citric acid to characterize P release kinetics from vivianite, hydroxyapatite, and bone char. While the P release during the CaCl2 treatment was so low that only vivianite and hydroxyapatite showed a slightly higher release with increasing CaCl2 concentration, the increase of dissolved P was more pronounced for citric acid. The application of citric acid resulted in a 32,190-fold higher P release for bone char. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic data suggested higher instability of hydroxyapatite than for bone char. The kinetic data showed that bone char, especially at a lower particle size, had a higher long-term P release than hydroxyapatite or vivianite. The suitability of hydroxyapatite and bone char as a poorly soluble, but sustainable P source is better than that of vivianite. However, the efficiency as a P fertilizer is also dependent on present soil P mobilization processes. The results underline the importance of the accessibility of fertilized or naturally bound P for plant roots to benefit from the excretion of organic acids.

Phosphorus release kinetics and solubility capacity of phosphorus fractionation induced by organic acids from a black soil in northeast China

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Yang ◽  
Xiangwei Chen ◽  
Xitian Yang
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Phosphorus Fractionation ◽  
Transformation Rate ◽  
P Release

Phosphorus (P) fertilizers are added to improve the soil P fertility, but the rate of P release can greatly influence its availability. Organic acids are effective in the release of inorganic P (Pi), but the contribution of each Pi fraction is not well understood. This study reported the transformation rate of P and solubility of Pi fractions induced by organic acids. Path analysis was utilized to explore the direct and indirect effects of Pi fractions on the amount of total Pi (TPi) solubilized. Results showed that the P release was initially rapid, followed by a slower release that lasted up to 2160 h, and the Elovich equation was the best-fitted kinetic equation to estimate the transformation rate of available P. The amount of TPi-solubilized by oxalic and citric acids tended to increase with increasing organic acid concentrations. Oxalic acid exhibited a lower TPi-solubility capability than citric acid when the organic acid concentration was ≤1 mmol L−1, whereas citric acid was higher at ≥1.5 mmol L−1. The Al-P-solubilized had the highest content of studied fractions, and path analysis revealed that the Al-P-solubilized exhibited a significant direct effect on TPi-solubilized. Thus, Al-P is a potential P source in black soil.

Organic management and legume presence maintained phosphorus bioavailability in a 17-year field crop experiment

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Gallaher ◽  
Sieglinde S. Snapp
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Term Management

AbstractLegumes have been shown to enhance bioavailability of phosphorus (P) from sparingly soluble pools, yet this functional trait remains underutilized in agriculture, and is untested at decadal scales. Management and legume presence effects on temporal soil properties were evaluated in a 17-year field crop experiment using soil samples collected in 1992, 2000 and 2006. Management systems compared included: (1) conventional corn–soybean–wheat rotation (C–S–W), (2) organic (C–S–W+red clover), (3) alfalfa and (4) early successional field. To evaluate the effects of long-term management versus recent management (residues and P fertilizer) on P and bio-availability to soybean, subplots of soybean were established with and without P-fertilizer (30 kg P ha−1), and compared to subplots and main plot with the long-term system. We evaluated soil properties (C, total P, Bray extractable inorganic P, particulate organic matter phosphorus) and soybean P uptake, biomass and yield. Recent fertilizer P inputs had no detectable influence on soil P, and total soil P stayed stable at ~350 mg P kg−1, whereas inorganic P (Pi) declined from an initial value of 54 to an average of 35 mg P kg−1. A P balance was constructed and showed a net loss of −96.7 kg P ha−1 yr−1 for the organic system, yet Bray-Pi and soybean P uptake were maintained under organic production at similar levels to the conventional, fertilized system. Particulate organic matter P was 57, 82 and 128% higher in organic, alfalfa and successional treatments, respectively, compared to conventional. A similar pattern was observed for soil C, soybean yield and bioavailable P, which were 20–50% higher in the organic, alfalfa and successional systems relative to conventional. This study provides evidence that long-term management history influences bioavailability of P.

Phosphorus fertilizer for nitrogen fertilized dairy pastures. 1. Long term effects on pasture, diet and soil

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. DAVISON ◽  
W. N. ORR ◽  
B. A. SILVER ◽  
R. G. WALKER ◽  
F. DUNCALFE
Keyword(s):  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Extractable Soil

The phosphorus fertilizer requirements and long term productivity of nitrogen-fertilized Gatton panic (Panicum maximum cv. Gatton) pastures, grazed by lactating dairy cows, were evaluated over 7 years. Cows grazed at 2·6 cows/ha on pastures that received annually 100 or 300 kg N/ha at each of 0, 22·5 or 45 kg P/ha. Phosphorus treatments were applied as single superphosphate, balanced for calcium by applications of gypsum.The soil had an initial available soil phosphorus content of 40 mg/kg (bicarbonate extraction). At zero P fertilizer (0P), extractable soil P declined at the rate of 1·9 mg/kg each year; at 22·5P it was maintained close to the original level while at 45P it increased at 6·6 mg/kg each year. Increased P fertilizer caused significant (P<0·01) increases in plant P concentration from year 2 onwards. In years 6 and 7 there was significantly less green pasture and leaf on offer in 300N pastures at 0P than with 22·5P and 45P. There was no influence of rate of P fertilizer at 100N on pasture quantity on offer in any year. There were clear trends at 100N of decreasing total pasture and green dry matter (DM) on offer over the 7 years, but not at 300N.Cows at 300N consumed more leaf in the diet in autumn and winter than at 100N. Leaf was 55–60% of the diet in summer and autumn, but decreased to 21% (100N) and 37% (300N) in winter. Dead material in the diet was always higher at 100N. Pasture leaf percentage and leaf yield were the best individual predictors of leaf percentage in the diet. Diet P selected from pasture was reduced by the higher rate of N fertilizer in each season. Estimated P concentrations of the diet selected from pasture for summer, autumn and winter averaged 0·30, 0·38 and 0·28% DM for 100N and 0·19, 0·24 and 0·18% DM for 300N treatments, respectively.The response to P fertilizer was dependent on the rate of N fertilizer applied. The critical bicarbonate extractable soil P level for this soil type, below which pasture responses occurred, was 30 mg/kg at 300N. The critical level at 100N was not reached, but was <23 mg/kg P.

Phosphorus efficiency in a long-term wheat–rice cropping system in China

2010 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. TANG ◽  
X. SHI ◽  
Y. MA ◽  
X. HAO
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Application ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARYLong-term (over 14 years) experiments on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop rotations were conducted in Southwest China to investigate phosphorus (P) fertilizer utilization efficiency, including the partial factor productivity (PFP), agronomic efficiency (AE), internal efficiency (IE), partial P balance (PPB), recovery efficiency (RE) and the mass (input–output) balance. The seven treatments were Control, N, NP, NK, NPK, NPKM and NPKSt, representing various combinations of inorganic fertilizers (N, P and K), manure (M) and the application of rice straw (St). Without P application, the soil could supply c. 14·7–22·5 kg P/ha annually and produce, on average, c. 1·8 t/ha wheat and 6·0 t/ha rice. Phosphorus fertilization increased crop yields by 65·5 and 11·4% for wheat and rice, respectively, over the 14 years. The PFP values ranged from 80·2 to 177 kg grain/kg P fertilizer for wheat and from 222 to 255 kg/kg for rice in the NPK treatments. However, the mean AE over the 14-year period was 31·9 and 21·3 kg grain/kg inorganic P fertilizer for wheat and rice, respectively. The mean IE was 214 and 318 kg grain/kg P uptake for wheat and rice, respectively, during the cultivation period. The PPB for the whole rotation system over the 14 years ranged from 0·58 to 0·64. However, the mean RE of P fertilizer was 0·26 (varying from 0·22 to 0·29) in the wheat–rice cropping system over the 14-year period. For every 100 kg surplus P/ha per year, the concentration of soil P extracted by 0·5 m NaHCO3 at pH 8·5 (Olsen-P) would increase by, on average, 4·12 mg/kg in soil. For the wheat–rice cropping system, the current P application rate of 55–65 kg P/ha per year is able to sustain annual yields of about 3 t/ha for wheat and 7 t/ha for rice. This study suggests that, in order to achieve higher crop yields, the P fertilizer utilization efficiency should be considered when making P fertilizer recommendations in wheat–rice cropping systems.

Seasonality in phosphorus release rates from the sediments of a hypereutrophic lake under a matrix of pH and redox conditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1033-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R Penn ◽  
Martin T Auer ◽  
Susan M Doerr ◽  
Charles T Driscoll ◽  
Carol M Brooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Rate ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Release Process ◽  
P Release

Phosphorus release rates were measured on intact sediment cores collected from the major depositional basin of Onondaga Lake, a dimictic, calcareous, hypereutrophic system in Syracuse, N.Y., U.S.A. Release experiments were conducted under a matrix of redox and pH conditions to investigate the importance of Ca- and Fe-related physicochemistry on sediment cores collected seasonally, i.e., during the spring, summer, fall, and winter periods. Strong seasonal variation in P release was observed, with rates ranging from ~3 to 38 mg P·m-2·day-1. This variation is attributed to changes in redox status and P concentration gradients at the sediment-water interface. An oxidized microlayer at the sediment-water interface partially inhibits sediment P release under isothermal, well-mixed conditions in the spring and fall. Phosphorus trapped in the oxic microlayer (sorption) is freed when the microlayer is chemically reduced at the onset of anoxia and high P release rates are observed. The oxidized microlayer serves to regulate seasonality in rates of sediment P release but does not influence long-term sediment-water exchange. It is proposed that the long-term P release process is best represented by a time-weighted annual average rate, calculated here to be ~10 mg P·m-2·day-1.

Long-term crop rotation and fertilizer effects on phosphorus transformations: I. In a Chernozemic soil

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. McKenzie ◽  
J. W. B. Stewart ◽  
J. F. Dormaar ◽  
G. B. Schaalje
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Sequential Fractionation ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Chernozemic Soil ◽  
Fractionation Procedure ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Transformations ◽  
Positive Effect

The objective of this study was to determine effects of different cropping systems and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers on soil P fractions and transformations in long-term rotation plots on a Chernozemic soil at Lethbridge, Alberta. Continuous wheat, wheat-wheat-fallow, and wheat-fallow crop rotations and fertilizer application significantly affected the amount and distribution of phosphorus among labile and stable inorganic (Pi) and organic (Po) forms as determined by a sequential fractionation procedure. Without N and P fertilizer, the proportion of total soil P in more labile forms that were sequentially extractable with an anion exchange resin (resin-Pi), sodium bicarbonate (bicarb-Pi and Po) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH-Pi and Po) were reduced to a greater extent in continuous wheat than in wheat-wheat-fallow and wheat-fallow rotations. The addition of P fertilizer significantly increased total P and all Pi fractions, with the greatest change in more labile Pi forms (resin, bicarb and NaOH), but had no effect on labile Po forms. In contrast, N fertilizer addition increased the proportion of P in labile Po fractions in all rotations, and decreased the proportion of P in labile Pi forms. The combination of fertilizer N and P generally increased both Pi and Po labile forms. The continuous wheat rotation, coupled with N and P fertilizer inputs, had the most positive effect on P cycling and transformations. Key words: Soil P transformations, Chernozemic soils, P bioavailability, sequential extraction

scholarly journals Subsoils—a sink for excess fertilizer P but a minor contribution to P plant nutrition: evidence from long-term fertilization trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Siebers ◽  
Liming Wang ◽  
Theresa Funk ◽  
Sabine von Tucher ◽  
Ines Merbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Organic P ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Edge Structure ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Pools ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Soil P Tests

Abstract Background The phosphorus (P) stocks of arable subsoils not only influence crop production but also fertilizer P sequestration. However, the extent of this influence is largely unknown. This study aimed to (i) determine the extent of P sequestration with soil depth, (ii) analyze P speciation after long-term P fertilization, and (iii) compare soil P tests in predicting crop yields. We analyzed four long-term fertilizer trials in Germany to a depth of 90 cm. Treatments received either mineral or organic P, or a combination of both, for 16 to 113 years. We determined inorganic and organic P pools using sequential extraction, and P speciation using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. In addition, we applied three P soil tests, double-lactate (DL), calcium acetate lactate (CAL), and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT). Results The results suggested that plants are capable of mobilizing P from deeper soil layers when there is a negative P budget of the topsoil. However, fertilization mostly only showed insignificant effects on P pools, which were most pronounced in the topsoil, with a 1.6- to 4.4-fold increase in labile inorganic P (Pi; resin-P, NaHCO3–Pi) after mineral fertilization and a 0- to 1.9-fold increase of organic P (Po; NaHCO3–Po, NaOH–Po) after organic P fertilization. The differences in Po and Pi speciation were mainly controlled by site-specific factors, e.g., soil properties or soil management practice rather than by fertilization. When modeling crop yield response using the Mitscherlich equation, we obtained the highest R2 (R2 = 0.61, P < 0.001) among the soil P tests when using topsoil PDGT. However, the fit became less pronounced when incorporating the subsoil. Conclusion We conclude that if the soil has a good P supply, the majority of P taken up by plants originates from the topsoil and that the DGT method is a mechanistic surrogate of P plant uptake. Thus, DGT is a basis for optimization of P fertilizer recommendation to add as much P fertilizer as required to sustain crop yields but as low as necessary to prevent harmful P leaching of excess fertilizer P.

scholarly journals Reducing Phosphorus Fertilizer Input in High Phosphorus Soils for Sustainable Agriculture in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Pham Thi Phuong Thuy ◽  
Nguyen My Hoa ◽  
Warren A. Dick
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Available P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Release ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Total P ◽  
Bray 1

High rates of phosphorus (P) currently being applied to soils for the production of vegetables in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, has led to concern regarding negative effects on the economy and the environment. This research presents a comprehensive study on the determination of P supplying capacity in this region of Vietnam to examine the possibility of reducing P fertilizer input. In total, 120 soil samples were collected to evaluate total P and Bray 1 available P in the soils. Phosphorus maximum sorption, degree of P saturation, P release, and the effect of P fertilizer on corn (Zea mays L.) yield in greenhouses and fields were also determined. Total P concentrations in 57% of the soil samples evaluated yielded high P concentrations (>560 mg P/kg), while 74% of the samples had high Bray 1 available P concentrations (>20 mg P/kg soil). Maximum P sorption ranged from 149 to 555 mg P/kg soil, respectively, and had negative correlation with available P (r = −0.63*). The percentages of P saturation ranged from 0.63% to 5.5% and correlated with available P (r = 0.98**). Maximum P release ranged from 1.2 to 62 mg P/kg soil, respectively, and correlated with available P (r = 0.96**). Corn grown in soils with available P concentrations >15 mg P/kg did not respond to P fertilizer in greenhouse or field experiments. We conclude that many farmers in this region can reduce P fertilizer input, thus increasing their profits and reducing negative environmental impacts associated with excess soil P for sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Development of a Novel Model of Soil Legacy P Assessment for Calcareous and Acidic Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjia Yu ◽  
Guohua Li ◽  
Tobias Edward Hartmann ◽  
Minggang Xu ◽  
Xueyun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Simulation Accuracy ◽  
Contrast Model ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Soil Legacy ◽  
P Fertilizer

Phosphate (P) rock is a finite natural resource, and its use for P fertilizer production has resulted in its rapid depletion worldwide. In order to reduce the use of natural P resources, reducing the input of P into agricultural systems is necessary. The assessment of legacy P in soil is an option to maintain crop yield with low P fertilizer input. Many models have been tested to assess the contribution of legacy soil P to crop uptake. However, these models face a common challenge as conceptual soil P pools in models cannot be accurately initiated and evaluated using measured soil P indexes. In this study, a novel legacy P assessment (LePA) model was developed according to empirical equations about crop P uptake, soil Olsen-P, and total P from two long-term fertilizer experiments in typical calcareous and acidic soils in China. We used the DPPS (dynamic phosphorus pool simulator) model as a contrast model to estimate the simulation accuracy of the new LePA model. The calibration and validation datasets for both models were set-up by collecting data from two long-term fertilizer experiments in typical calcareous and acidic soils in China. The results showed that the LePA model simulated crop P uptake similar to the DPPS model in calcareous soil. While the DPPS model failed to depict crop P uptake under low pH conditions, the LePA model worked well after modification when limited crop growth caused by acidic conditions was considered. Moreover, the LePA model can also predict changes in soil TP and Olsen-P with P fertilizer application, which are new functions compared with the DPPS model. Based on a scenario analysis generated by the LePA model, P fertilizer application could be reduced by 52% in Yangling and 46% in Qiyang compared with the conventional application rate during this period to maintain the current yields if soil legacy P can be utilized efficiently. The LePA model is a useful tool for guiding soil P management from the field to country scales.

Long-term effects of phosphorus fertilizer on soil test phosphorus, phosphorus uptake and yield of perennial ryegrass

2015 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. 1068-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. SHEIL ◽  
D. P. WALL ◽  
N. CULLETON ◽  
J. MURPHY ◽  
J. GRANT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
P Fertilizer

SUMMARYIncreasing phosphorus (P) fertilizer use efficiency in grassland is desirable, since uncertainty exists over the reserves of finite phosphate rock and its future availability. This necessitates revaluation of the current P fertilizer recommendations for grassland to examine the potential to increase fertilizer P efficiency. The present paper reports results from a long-term grassland P experiment (17 years) on two sites in which annual P fertilizer application rates were 0, 15, 30 and 45 kg P/ha/year. The effect of P fertilizer rate on herbage production and mineral concentration in herbage were investigated in addition to the soil test P (Morgan's) trends and P balance over the duration of the experiment for each rate of P fertilizer. The results showed that the P response to herbage yield and P concentration was similar on both sites. The response of herbage yield to P fertilizer was limited to harvests early in the growing season. The P concentration in herbage was lower in mid-season than in spring or autumn. Annual P fertilizer applications > 30 kg P/ha/year were required to maintain soil P levels at their initial levels over the duration of the experiment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document