scholarly journals Terrain Effects on the Spatial Variability of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties

Soil Systems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebiaw T. Ayele ◽  
Solomon S. Demissie ◽  
Mengistu A. Jemberrie ◽  
Jaehak Jeong ◽  
David P. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Property ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Topographic Wetness Index ◽  
Topographic Index ◽  
Terrain Effects

Understanding topography effects on soil properties is vital to modelling landscape hydrology and establishing sustainable on-field management practices. This research focuses on an arable area (117 km2) in Southwestern Ethiopia where agricultural fields and bush cover are the dominant land uses. We postulate that adapting either of the soil data resources, coarse resolution FAO-UNESCO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) soil data or pedo-transfer functions (PTFs) is not reliable to indicate future watershed management directions. The FAO-UNESCO data does not account for scale issues and assigns the same soil property at different landscape gradients. The PTFs, on the other hand, do not account for environmental effects and fail to provide all the required data. In this regard, mapping soil property spatial dynamics can help understand landscape physicochemical processes and corresponding land use changes. For this purpose, soil samples were collected across the watershed following a gridded sampling scheme. In areas with heterogeneous topography, soil is spatially variable as influenced by land use and slope. To understand the spatial variation, this research develops indicators, such as topographic index, soil topographic wetness index, elevation, aspect, and slope. Pearson correlation (r), among others, was used to investigate terrain effects on selected soil properties: organic matter (OM), available water content (AWC), sand content (%), clay content (%), silt content (%), electrical conductivity (EC), moist bulk density (MBD), and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat). The results show that there were statistically significant correlations between elevation-based variables and soil physical properties. Among the variables considered, the ‘r’ value between topographic index and soil attributes (i.e., OM, EC, AWC, sand, clay, silt, and Ksat) were 0.66, 0.5, 0.7, 0.55, 0.62, 0.4, and 0.66, respectively. In conclusion, while understanding topography effects on soil properties is vital, implementing either FAO-UNESCO or PTFs soil data do not provide appropriate information pertaining to scale issues.

scholarly journals Influence of Soil Properties on the Phytotoxicity of Atrazine, Ametryne, Prometryne, and Diuron in Puerto Rican Soils

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Liu ◽  
H. Cibes Viadé
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Property ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Dosage Prediction ◽  
Concentration Series ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Thirteen soils representing a wide range of physical and chemical properties were used in this study. Four herbicides including Atrazine, Ametryne, Prometryne, and Diuron were applied at a concentration series from 0.5 to 32 p.p.m. to each soil, with the exception of Caño Tiburones soil. Kanota oat (Avena sativa L.) was chosen as an indicator plant. ED50  values were obtained for the various soil types. The result indicated that ED50  values varied greatly with different soil types. Simple, partial, and multiple correlations were made among ED50  values and different soil properties. It was found that the organic matter was the major soil property which contributed chiefly to the phytotoxicity of herbicides. A theoretical relationship between percent soil organic matter and p.p.m.w. of herbicides required for 50-percent fresh-weight reduction of oat was obtained for herbicide dosage-prediction purpose.

scholarly journals Estimation of sediments produced in a subbasin using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Henrique Expedito Lense ◽  
Rodrigo Santos Moreira ◽  
Fernanda Almeida Bócoli ◽  
Junior Cesar Avanzi ◽  
Alexandre Elias de Miranda Teodoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Factor C

ABSTRACT Among the parameters considered by the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), the soil cover and management factor (C) is the main human influenced factor affecting the estimation of water erosion, and one of the most sensitive to spatiotemporal variations. Consequently, this study aims to compare the efficiency of C factor estimates obtained from the literature for each land-use class (Clit) and by calculation based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (CNDVI). We test the hypothesis that soil loss estimates based on CNDVI approach are more accurate than those based on Clit. Water erosion was estimated based on soil morphological, physical, and chemical properties in addition to climate, relief, management practices, and land use and cover. The modeling steps were realized with the help of the Geographic Information System. The results were validated using the data of total sediment transported with water discharge and daily runoff. RUSLE underestimated soil losses by 0.64 Mg ha-1 year-1 using Clit and 0.45 Mg ha-1 year-1 with CNDVI, which corresponds to errors of 21.05% and 14.80%, respectively. Therefore, the CNDVI factor results are more accurate. Both methodologies identified areas with high erosion rates where the adoption of mitigation measures should be prioritized.

scholarly journals Influences of Land Use/ Cover Changes on Soil Properties in Rib Watershed, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fentanesh Haile Buruso ◽  
Zenebe Admasu Teferi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract BackgroundThe decrease in the area under natural vegetation and its conversion into other types of use has resulted in resource degradation including soil quality loss. Soil properties response to changes in land use/ cover has shown spatial and temporal variations. Hence this study was carried out to examine the influence of land use/ cover changes on physical and chemical properties of the soils in Rib watershed. Soil samples were taken over three selected land use/ covers (natural forest, grazing and cultivated lands) in two agro- ecological zones (Dega and High Dega). Multivariate analysis of variance (MNOVA) and Pearson’s correlation was computed. ResultsThe study revealed that land use/ cover and altitude have influenced physical and chemical properties of the soil in the study watershed. Significant difference in distribution of soil texture, BD, OC, TN and pH among land use/ covers have been observed. Natural forest had higher OC, OC stock and TN than grazing and cultivated lands. The mean OC stock ranged from 188.32 t/ha in natural forest to 72.75t/ha in cultivated lands. Soil pH was slightly higher for natural forests and lower in the soils of grazing and cultivated lands. Significant difference (P<0.05) among the two agro ecologies were also observed in OC, Ca2+, clay, and silt.. ConclusionTherefore, land use/ cover changes have affected the concentration of TN, OC, increase soil acidity and compaction that can affect productive of soils and production of crops.

scholarly journals Influence of terrain attributes on organic carbon stocks distribution in soil toposequences of central Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Kozłowski ◽  
Jolanta Komisarek
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Topographic Wetness Index ◽  
Channel Networks ◽  
Wetness Index ◽  
Terrain Attributes ◽  
Topographic Attributes

Abstract The paper presents the results of research on the relationship between topography of undulated morainic plateau of postglacial landscape and distribution of organic carbon stocks in soil toposequences. The mean value of the soil organic carbon stocks (SOCS) for Retisols/Luvisols (RT/LV) was statistically lower than for the Phaeozems/Gleysols (PH/GL) but for RT/LV a higher variation of SOCS in comparison to PH/GL was observed. On the basis of Pearson correlation coefficient, the cartographic depth to water (DTW), the topographic wetness index (TWI) and the saga wetness index (SWI) were the most strongly correlated with the SOCS from among 13 analysed topographic attributes. In addition, the DTW was more correlated with SOCS than other topographic variables. Moreover, the DTW based on the channel networks with 2 ha flow initiation thresholds better correlate with SOCS than DTW obtained on the basis of channel networks with 1 ha and 4 ha flow initiation thresholds. Using Stepwise multiple regression analysis (SMLR), we concluded that the topographic attributes controlling the soil water content and slope shape had most impact on SOCS of the undulated morainic plateau of agricultural ecosystem. In this landform, where the RT/LV and PH/GL soil sequences dominate, the SOCS can be estimated by the DTW, TWI and GC (general curvature) with an estimation error of 0.21 kg m−2. In view of the increasing availability of LiDAR data and power of GIS tools, the use of topographic metrics to assess spatial variability of soil properties will play an increasingly important role in the estimation of soil properties.

scholarly journals Soil Properties Affected by Land Use Systems in Western Chitwan, Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Chauhan ◽  
K.R. Pande ◽  
S. Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Block Designs ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Pasture Land ◽  
Land Use Systems ◽  
Vegetable Farm

Field experiments were conducted in acidic soils of Mangalpur and Fulbari VDCs in western Chitwan, Nepal to study the effects of different land use systems on soil properties. Seven land use systems (cereal based lowland, cereal based upland, vegetable farm land, fruit orchard land, pasture land, forest land and farmer’s field) were used and they were replicated four times in randomized complete block designs. Composite soil samples were collected from each study sites and were analyzed in laboratory for soil physicochemical properties. The data obtained were analyzed using MSTAT-C. Soil properties were significantly affected by land use systems in western Chitwan condition. Soil organic matter and total soil nitrogen were significantly higher from pasture land (4.69 % and 0.23 %) and the lowest were from farmer’s field (2.40 % and 0.08 %). However, available soil phosphorous content was significantly higher from cereal based upland (448.3 kg ha-1) and it was the lowest from forest land (13.0 kg ha-1). Soil bulk density and pH were not significantly affected by land use systems. Since land use systems and management practices significantly affect soil physical and chemical properties, an appropriate and sustainable land use management option is necessary for fertile and healthy soil. Conservation tillage with the addition of sufficient organic inputs can be suggested based on this study to maintain soil health for sustained production and optimum activity of soil organisms under the western Chitwan land use systems. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i3.10660  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i3.10660 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(3): 265-269  

scholarly journals SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL PROPERTIES IN AN AGRARIAN REFORM SETTLEMENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1755-1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Ribeiro de Azevedo ◽  
Célia Regina Paes Bueno ◽  
Gener Tadeu Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Environmental Preservation

ABSTRACT The study of soil chemical and physical properties variability is important for suitable management practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability of soil properties in the Malhada do Meio settlement to subsidize soil use planning. The settlement is located in Chapadinha, MA, Brazil, and has an area of 630.86 ha. The vegetation is seasonal submontane deciduous forest and steppe savanna. The geology is formed of sandstones and siltstones of theItapecuru Formation and by colluvial and alluvial deposits. The relief consists of hills with rounded and flat tops with an average altitude of 67 m, and frequently covered over by ferruginous duricrusts. A total of 183 georeferenced soil samples were collected at the depth of 0.00-0.20 m inPlintossolos, Neossolo andGleissolo. The following chemical variables were analyzed: pH(CaCl2), H+Al, Al, SB, V, CEC, P, K, OM, Ca, Mg, SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3; along with particle size variables: clay, silt, and sand. Descriptive statistical and geostatistical analyses were carried out. The coefficient of variation (CV) was high for most of the variables, with the exception of pH with a low CV, and of sand with a medium CV. The models fitted to the experimental semivariograms of these variables were the exponential and the spherical. The range values were from 999 m to 3,690 m. For the variables pH(CaCl2), SB, and clay, there are three specific areas for land use planning. The central part of the area (zone III), where thePlintossolos Pétricos and Neossolos Flúvicos occur, is the most suitable for crops due to higher macronutrient content, organic matter and pH. Zones I and II are indicated for environmental preservation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Impacts of Land Use in Water Quality and the Role of Nature-Based Solutions: A Citizen Science-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10519
Author(s):  
Julia Calderón Cendejas ◽  
Lucía Madrid Ramírez ◽  
Jorge Ramírez Zierold ◽  
Julio Díaz Valenzuela ◽  
Martín Merino Ibarra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Reference Levels ◽  
The Impact

The present study explores the impact of different land uses on water quality in a Mexican basin and addresses key mitigation measures, with key measurements made by citizen scientists. The Amanalco-Valle de Bravo Basin reservoir is the major freshwater supply for Mexico City. By measuring physical-chemical and bacteriological parameters in creeks over 21 months and correlating them to land use areas, it was possible to understand the impacts of different land uses (urban, forest, riparian forests, and different agricultural systems) in water quality. The results show that the concentration of E. coli, nitrates, nitrites, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and total suspended solids were higher than the recommended reference levels, and that average oxygen saturation and alkalinity were lower than the recommended reference levels in most sites. The analysis of the Pearson correlation coefficient showed a strong relationship between water pollution and urban and agricultural land uses, specifically a higher impact of potato cultivation, due to its intensive use of agrochemicals and downhill tilling. There was a clear positive relationship between total forest area and riparian vegetation cover with improved water quality, validating their potential as nature-based solutions for the regulation of water quality. The results of the present study indicate the opportunities that better land management practices generate to ensure communities’ and water ecosystems’ health. This study also highlights the benefits of citizen science as a tool for raising awareness with regard to water quality and nature-based solutions, and as an appropriate tool for participative watershed management.

scholarly journals Effect of Crop Geometry and Nutrient Management Approaches on Soil Properties and Availability of Nutrients under Transplanted Finger Millet

2021 ◽  
pp. 251-259
Author(s):  
A. Aliveni ◽  
B. Venkateswarlu ◽  
M. Sree Rekha ◽  
P. R. K. Prasad ◽  
K. Jayalalitha
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Agricultural College ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Absolute Control

The present investigation was conducted for two consecutive years with the objective to know various crop geometries and nutrient management approaches on soil chemical properties at Agricultural college farm, Bapatla. The experimental design was split plot with three replications. The present study comprised of three crop geometries with different age of seedlings (30x10 cm with 30 days old seedlings, 30x30 cm with 15 days old seedlings and 45x45 cm with 15 days old seedlings) and seven nutrient management practices (S0: absolute control, S1: FYM @ 10 tonnes ha-1 + application of dravajeevamrutham, S2: FYM @ 10 tonnes ha-1 + application of  dravajeevamrutham along with wooden log treatment, S3: FYM @ 10 tonnes ha-1 + 100% RDF, S4: FYM @ 10 tonnes ha-1 + 100% RDF along with wooden log treatment, S5: FYM @ 10 tonnes ha-1 + 125% RDF, S6: FYM @ 10 tonnes ha-1 + 125% RDF along with wooden log treatment in subplots were given to kharif finger millet. integrated application of FYM @ 10 tonnes ha-1 + 125% RDF along with wooden log treatment (S6) resulted in higher organic carbon and nutrient status of the soil and reduced C:N ratio of the soil significantly though other soil properties were non significant due to various crop geometries and nutrient management treatments.

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